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- 调用guix package (GNU Guix参考手册)
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- description: 调用guix package (GNU Guix参考手册)
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- Next: Substitutes , Previous: 功能 , Up: 软件包管理 [ Contents ][ Index ] 4.2 Invoking guix package The guix package command is the tool that allows users to install, upgrade, and remove packages, as well as rolling back to previous configurations. It operates only on the user's own profile, and works with normal user privileges (see 功能 ). Its syntax is: guix package options Primarily, options specifies the operations to be performed during the transaction. Upon completion, a new profile is created, but previous generations of the profile remain available, should the user want to roll back. For example, to remove lua and install guile and guile-cairo in a single transaction: guix package -r lua -i guile guile-cairo For your convenience, we also provide the following aliases: guix search is an alias for guix package -s , guix install is an alias for guix package -i , guix remove is an alias for guix package -r , and guix upgrade is an alias for guix package -u . These aliases are less expressive than guix package and provide fewer options, so in some cases you'll probably want to use guix package directly. guix package also supports a declarative approach whereby the user specifies the exact set of packages to be available and passes it via the --manifest option (see --manifest ). For each user, a symlink to the user's default profile is automatically created in $HOME/.guix-profile . This symlink always points to the current generation of the user's default profile. Thus, users can add $HOME/.guix-profile/bin to their PATH environment variable, and so on. If you are not using Guix System, consider adding the following lines to your ~/.bash_profile (see Bash Startup Files in The GNU Bash Reference Manual ) so that newly-spawned shells get all the right environment variable definitions: GUIX_PROFILE="$HOME/.guix-profile" ; \ source "$HOME/.guix-profile/etc/profile" In a multi-user setup, user profiles are stored in a place registered as a garbage-collector root , which $HOME/.guix-profile points to (see 调用guix gc ). That directory is normally localstatedir /guix/profiles/per-user/ user , where localstatedir is the value passed to configure as --localstatedir , and user is the user name. The per-user directory is created when guix-daemon is started, and the user sub-directory is created by guix package . The options can be among the following: --install= package … -i package … Install the specified package s. Each package may specify either a simple package name, such as guile , or a package name followed by an at-sign and version number, such as guile@1.8.8 or simply guile@1.8 (in the latter case, the newest version prefixed by 1.8 is selected.) If no version number is specified, the newest available version will be selected. In addition, package may contain a colon, followed by the name of one of the outputs of the package, as in gcc:doc or binutils@2.22:lib (see 有多个输出的软件包 ). Packages with a corresponding name (and optionally version) are searched for among the GNU distribution modules (see 软件包模块 ). Sometimes packages have propagated inputs : these are dependencies that automatically get installed along with the required package (see propagated-inputs in package objects , for information about propagated inputs in package definitions). An example is the GNU MPC library: its C header files refer to those of the GNU MPFR library, which in turn refer to those of the GMP library. Thus, when installing MPC, the MPFR and GMP libraries also get installed in the profile; removing MPC also removes MPFR and GMP—unless they had also been explicitly installed by the user. Besides, packages sometimes rely on the definition of environment variables for their search paths (see explanation of --search-paths below). Any missing or possibly incorrect environment variable definitions are reported here. --install-from-expression= exp -e exp Install the package exp evaluates to. exp must be a Scheme expression that evaluates to a <package> object. This option is notably useful to disambiguate between same-named variants of a package, with expressions such as (@ (gnu packages base) guile-final) . Note that this option installs the first output of the specified package, which may be insufficient when needing a specific output of a multiple-output package. --install-from-file= file -f file Install the package that the code within file evaluates to. As an example, file might contain a definition like this (see 定义软件包 ): (use-modules (guix) (guix build-system gnu) (guix licenses)) (package (name "hello") (version "2.10") (source (origin (method url-fetch) (uri (string-append "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-" version ".tar.gz")) (sha256 (base32 "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i")))) (build-system gnu-build-system) (synopsis "Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package") (description "Guess what GNU Hello prints!") (home-page "http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/") (license gpl3+)) Developers may find it useful to include such a guix.scm file in the root of their project source tree that can be used to test development snapshots and create reproducible development environments (see 调用guix environment ). --remove= package … -r package … Remove the specified package s. As for --install , each package may specify a version number and/or output name in addition to the package name. For instance, -r glibc:debug would remove the debug output of glibc . --upgrade[= regexp …] -u [ regexp …] Upgrade all the installed packages. If one or more regexp s are specified, upgrade only installed packages whose name matches a regexp . Also see the --do-not-upgrade option below. Note that this upgrades package to the latest version of packages found in the distribution currently installed. To update your distribution, you should regularly run guix pull (see 调用guix pull ). --do-not-upgrade[= regexp …] When used together with the --upgrade option, do not upgrade any packages whose name matches a regexp . For example, to upgrade all packages in the current profile except those containing the substring “emacs”: $ guix package --upgrade . --do-not-upgrade emacs --manifest= file -m file Create a new generation of the profile from the manifest object returned by the Scheme code in file . This allows you to declare the profile's contents rather than constructing it through a sequence of --install and similar commands. The advantage is that file can be put under version control, copied to different machines to reproduce the same profile, and so on. file must return a manifest object, which is roughly a list of packages: (use-package-modules guile emacs) (packages->manifest (list emacs guile-2.0 ;; Use a specific package output. (list guile-2.0 "debug"))) In this example we have to know which modules define the emacs and guile-2.0 variables to provide the right use-package-modules line, which can be cumbersome. We can instead provide regular package specifications and let specifications->manifest look up the corresponding package objects, like this: (specifications->manifest '("emacs" "guile@2.2" "guile@2.2:debug")) --roll-back Roll back to the previous generation of the profile—i.e., undo the last transaction. When combined with options such as --install , roll back occurs before any other actions. When rolling back from the first generation that actually contains installed packages, the profile is made to point to the zeroth generation , which contains no files apart from its own metadata. After having rolled back, installing, removing, or upgrading packages overwrites previous future generations. Thus, the history of the generations in a profile is always linear. --switch-generation= pattern -S pattern Switch to a particular generation defined by pattern . pattern may be either a generation number or a number prefixed with “+” or “-”. The latter means: move forward/backward by a specified number of generations. For example, if you want to return to the latest generation after --roll-back , use --switch-generation=+1 . The difference between --roll-back and --switch-generation=-1 is that --switch-generation will not make a zeroth generation, so if a specified generation does not exist, the current generation will not be changed. --search-paths[= kind ] Report environment variable definitions, in Bash syntax, that may be needed in order to use the set of installed packages. These environment variables are used to specify search paths for files used by some of the installed packages. For example, GCC needs the CPATH and LIBRARY_PATH environment variables to be defined so it can look for headers and libraries in the user's profile (see Environment Variables in Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) ). If GCC and, say, the C library are installed in the profile, then --search-paths will suggest setting these variables to profile /include and profile /lib , respectively. The typical use case is to define these environment variables in the shell: $ eval `guix package --search-paths` kind may be one of exact , prefix , or suffix , meaning that the returned environment variable definitions will either be exact settings, or prefixes or suffixes of the current value of these variables. When omitted, kind defaults to exact . This option can also be used to compute the combined search paths of several profiles. Consider this example: $ guix package -p foo -i guile $ guix package -p bar -i guile-json $ guix package -p foo -p bar --search-paths The last command above reports about the GUILE_LOAD_PATH variable, even though, taken individually, neither foo nor bar would lead to that recommendation. --profile= profile -p profile Use profile instead of the user's default profile. --allow-collisions Allow colliding packages in the new profile. Use at your own risk! By default, guix package reports as an error collisions in the profile. Collisions happen when two or more different versions or variants of a given package end up in the profile. --bootstrap Use the bootstrap Guile to build the profile. This option is only useful to distribution developers. In addition to these actions, guix package supports the following options to query the current state of a profile, or the availability of packages: --search= regexp -s regexp List the available packages whose name, synopsis, or description matches regexp (in a case-insensitive fashion), sorted by relevance. Print all the metadata of matching packages in recutils format (see GNU recutils databases in GNU recutils manual ). This allows specific fields to be extracted using the recsel command, for instance: $ guix package -s malloc | recsel -p name,version,relevance name: jemalloc version: 4.5.0 relevance: 6 name: glibc version: 2.25 relevance: 1 name: libgc version: 7.6.0 relevance: 1 Similarly, to show the name of all the packages available under the terms of the GNU LGPL version 3: $ guix package -s "" | recsel -p name -e 'license ~ "LGPL 3"' name: elfutils name: gmp … It is also possible to refine search results using several -s flags to guix package , or several arguments to guix search . For example, the following command returns a list of board games (this time using the guix search alias): $ guix search '\<board\>' game | recsel -p name name: gnubg … If we were to omit -s game , we would also get software packages that deal with printed circuit boards; removing the angle brackets around board would further add packages that have to do with keyboards. And now for a more elaborate example. The following command searches for cryptographic libraries, filters out Haskell, Perl, Python, and Ruby libraries, and prints the name and synopsis of the matching packages: $ guix search crypto library | \ recsel -e '! (name ~ "^(ghc|perl|python|ruby)")' -p name,synopsis See Selection Expressions in GNU recutils manual , for more information on selection expressions for recsel -e . --show= package Show details about package , taken from the list of available packages, in recutils format (see GNU recutils databases in GNU recutils manual ). $ guix package --show=python | recsel -p name,version name: python version: 2.7.6 name: python version: 3.3.5 You may also specify the full name of a package to only get details about a specific version of it: $ guix package --show=python@3.4 | recsel -p name,version name: python version: 3.4.3 --list-installed[= regexp ] -I [ regexp ] List the currently installed packages in the specified profile, with the most recently installed packages shown last. When regexp is specified, list only installed packages whose name matches regexp . For each installed package, print the following items, separated by tabs: the package name, its version string, the part of the package that is installed (for instance, out for the default output, include for its headers, etc.), and the path of this package in the store. --list-available[= regexp ] -A [ regexp ] List packages currently available in the distribution for this system (see GNU发行版 ). When regexp is specified, list only installed packages whose name matches regexp . For each package, print the following items separated by tabs: its name, its version string, the parts of the package (see 有多个输出的软件包 ), and the source location of its definition. --list-generations[= pattern ] -l [ pattern ] Return a list of generations along with their creation dates; for each generation, show the installed packages, with the most recently installed packages shown last. Note that the zeroth generation is never shown. For each installed package, print the following items, separated by tabs: the name of a package, its version string, the part of the package that is installed (see 有多个输出的软件包 ), and the location of this package in the store. When pattern is used, the command returns only matching generations. Valid patterns include: Integers and comma-separated integers . Both patterns denote generation numbers. For instance, --list-generations=1 returns the first one. And --list-generations=1,8,2 outputs three generations in the specified order. Neither spaces nor trailing commas are allowed. Ranges . --list-generations=2..9 prints the specified generations and everything in between. Note that the start of a range must be smaller than its end. It is also possible to omit the endpoint. For example, --list-generations=2.. , returns all generations starting from the second one. Durations . You can also get the last N days, weeks, or months by passing an integer along with the first letter of the duration. For example, --list-generations=20d lists generations that are up to 20 days old. --delete-generations[= pattern ] -d [ pattern ] When pattern is omitted, delete all generations except the current one. This command accepts the same patterns as --list-generations . When pattern is specified, delete the matching generations. When pattern specifies a duration, generations older than the specified duration match. For instance, --delete-generations=1m deletes generations that are more than one month old. If the current generation matches, it is not deleted. Also, the zeroth generation is never deleted. Note that deleting generations prevents rolling back to them. Consequently, this command must be used with care. Finally, since guix package may actually start build processes, it supports all the common build options (see 普通的构建选项 ). It also supports package transformation options, such as --with-source (see 软件包变换选项。 ). However, note that package transformations are lost when upgrading; to preserve transformations across upgrades, you should define your own package variant in a Guile module and add it to GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH (see 定义软件包 ). Next: Substitutes , Previous: 功能 , Up: 软件包管理 [ Contents ][ Index ]
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