1 00:00:00,700 --> 00:00:03,200 I'm Richard Stallman. 2 00:00:03,300 --> 00:00:05,000 25 years ago [in 1983] 3 00:00:05,100 --> 00:00:08,400 I founded the Free Software movement. 4 00:00:08,500 --> 00:00:10,700 Free Software 5 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:14,600 is software that respects users' freedom 6 00:00:14,700 --> 00:00:18,000 and the social solidarity of their community. 7 00:00:18,100 --> 00:00:24,500 Nonfree programs are proprietary software. 8 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:25,300 That is, 9 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:28,000 they take away users' freedom 10 00:00:28,100 --> 00:00:33,000 keeping them divided and helpless. 11 00:00:33,100 --> 00:00:33,900 Divided 12 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:38,000 because they are forbidden from sharing the program 13 00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:40,000 and helpless 14 00:00:40,100 --> 00:00:45,500 because users don't have the source code of the program. 15 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:46,000 That is, 16 00:00:46,100 --> 00:00:50,500 they cannot change it, they cannot even find out 17 00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:55,000 what the program is really doing, 18 00:00:55,100 --> 00:00:58,500 and it can do very bad things. 19 00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:02,000 Free Software 20 00:01:02,100 --> 00:01:07,200 means that the user has 4 essential freedoms: 21 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:08,800 Freedom 0 22 00:01:08,900 --> 00:01:12,400 is the freedom to run the program for any purpose. 23 00:01:12,500 --> 00:01:13,500 Freedom 1 24 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:17,800 is the freedom to study the source code of the program 25 00:01:17,900 --> 00:01:22,000 and change it to make it do what you wish. 26 00:01:22,100 --> 00:01:23,500 Freedom 2 27 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:25,800 is the freedom to help your neighbor; 28 00:01:25,900 --> 00:01:26,800 that is, 29 00:01:26,900 --> 00:01:29,300 the freedom to make and distribute 30 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:32,500 exact copies of the program whenever you want. 31 00:01:32,600 --> 00:01:33,600 And freedom 3 32 00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:36,500 is the freedom to contribute to your community; 33 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:37,600 that is, 34 00:01:37,700 --> 00:01:41,700 the freedom to make and distribute copies 35 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,500 of your modified versions of the program. 36 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:50,600 With these four freedoms a program is Free Software 37 00:01:50,700 --> 00:01:55,400 because the social system for its use and distribution 38 00:01:55,500 --> 00:02:00,900 is an ethical system that respects everyone's freedom 39 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,300 and the freedom of the community of users. 40 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:11,800 Software must be Free because we all deserve freedom, 41 00:02:11,900 --> 00:02:12,900 we all deserve 42 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:16,900 to be allowed to participate in a free community. 43 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:18,000 Therefore, 44 00:02:18,100 --> 00:02:23,000 schools should teach only Free Software. 45 00:02:23,100 --> 00:02:27,700 There are four reasons why this is so. 46 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:31,900 The most shallow reason is to save money. 47 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:34,800 Schools don't have enough money, 48 00:02:34,900 --> 00:02:38,100 so they shouldn't waste their money 49 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:42,400 paying for permission to use proprietary software. 50 00:02:42,500 --> 00:02:45,700 This is an obvious reason, 51 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:49,900 but some proprietary software companies 52 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:53,500 usually eliminate this shallow reason 53 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:58,600 by donating copies of their proprietary programs 54 00:02:58,700 --> 00:03:01,000 to the schools at no charge or at a small price. 55 00:03:01,100 --> 00:03:05,000 The reason why they do that is to get students addicted. 56 00:03:05,100 --> 00:03:07,700 It's a malicious plan. 57 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:13,500 It's a plan to use schools as instruments to impose 58 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:19,000 a permanent dependence on students. 59 00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:23,400 If a school teaches how to use a proprietary program, 60 00:03:23,500 --> 00:03:26,900 the student will be dependent on that program, 61 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:29,100 and after he graduates 62 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:32,600 he will have to pay to use that program. 63 00:03:32,700 --> 00:03:37,400 He will probably work for a company 64 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:41,900 that does not receive copies of the program free of charge. 65 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:42,600 Therefore, 66 00:03:42,700 --> 00:03:46,500 proprietary software developers use schools 67 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:51,400 to impose permanent dependence on the whole society. 68 00:03:51,500 --> 00:03:53,700 Schools must refuse 69 00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:58,000 to participate in such a malicious plan 70 00:03:58,100 --> 00:04:01,000 because schools have a social mission, 71 00:04:01,100 --> 00:04:05,300 which is to educate the next generation to be good citizens 72 00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:11,500 of a capable, strong, independent, cooperating and 73 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:12,800 free society. 74 00:04:12,900 --> 00:04:17,200 This can only be achieved by teaching Free Software. 75 00:04:17,300 --> 00:04:21,300 Schools must eliminate, delete proprietary software 76 00:04:21,400 --> 00:04:24,200 and install Free Software. 77 00:04:24,300 --> 00:04:28,200 But there is a deeper reason: 78 00:04:28,300 --> 00:04:32,400 to form good programmers, 79 00:04:32,500 --> 00:04:36,000 because in order to learn good programming skills 80 00:04:36,100 --> 00:04:39,800 students need to read lots of code and write lots of code. 81 00:04:39,900 --> 00:04:44,300 To learn to write good code for big programs 82 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:47,900 students need to write small changes 83 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,300 in the code of big programs. 84 00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:55,500 All this is possible only with Free Software. 85 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:57,500 Only Free Software 86 00:04:57,600 --> 00:05:02,000 allows education in information technology. 87 00:05:02,100 --> 00:05:06,900 But there is still a deeper reason: 88 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:10,600 to teach good citizenship, 89 00:05:10,700 --> 00:05:13,800 because schools have the mission to teach 90 00:05:13,900 --> 00:05:19,100 not only facts and technical skills, but above all 91 00:05:19,200 --> 00:05:25,400 the spirit of good will, the habit of helping others. 92 00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:29,300 Therefore, each class should have this rule: 93 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:32,800 "students, if you bring a program to the class, 94 00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:35,600 you can't keep it for yourself, 95 00:05:35,700 --> 00:05:39,800 you must share it with the rest of the class." 96 00:05:39,900 --> 00:05:43,900 The school should practice what it preaches, 97 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:48,700 it should introduce only Free Software in the classroom. 98 00:05:48,900 --> 00:05:52,900 All schools should migrate to Free Software 99 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:55,900 and teach exclusively Free Software 100 00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:58,600 because each school should participate 101 00:05:58,700 --> 00:06:08,200 in leading society towards freedom and social solidarity. 102 00:06:08,300 --> 00:06:10,000 Thank you.