# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: gnu-website-guidelines.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-24 07:55+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Website Guidelines - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h2> msgid "GNU Website Guidelines" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Our goal is to get information to people. Keeping the site design simple " "helps accomplish that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Please be considerate of all who access our web pages, and accommodate them, " "including those who use text-only browsers or old browsers, as well as those " "with slow connections. We wish to prevent HTML design that looks great " "under one version of one browser, and ugly under many others. Of course, " "please don't install any of the proprietary software browsers available if " "you don't already use them anyway." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Table of Contents" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#GeneralGuidelines\">General Guidelines</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#CopyrightGuidelines\">Copyright Guidelines</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#orthography\">Spelling and Punctuation</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#filenames\">Filenames</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#urls\">URLs</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#HTMLGuidelines\">HTML Guidelines</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#tables\">Tables and menus</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#templating\">Using our page template</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#styling\">Page Styling</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#UseofGraphics\">Use of Graphics</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#pollinking\">Appendix 1 - Linking Policies</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#repo\">Appendix 2 - Working with Web CVS Repositories</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#cvs\">Basic CVS commands</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#symlinks\">Symbolic links</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#htaccess\">.htaccess and redirections</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#scripts\">Scripts</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#sysadmins\">System administrators</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#UsefulResources\">Useful Resources</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "General Guidelines" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The GNU web server has only <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free " "software</a> available. We prefer that only free software be used to " "prepare pages for the GNU web server." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The GNU website lists and links <strong>only</strong> to free software. The " "software's source code and executables have to be freely redistributable and " "modifiable to and by all people and organizations. If in doubt, ask <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The GNU website gives priority to software covered by either the GNU General " "Public License or GNU Lesser General Public License." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The GNU website is more interested in substance than style. The use of " "graphics should be minimized so pages load fast over slow links." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Offer a document in as many formats as the GNU Project has it. For an " "example, see <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">The GNU Free Documentation " "License</a>. This lets users get the document in the format most useful to " "them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "In addition to <a href=\"#CopyrightGuidelines\">copyright and license " "notices</a>, all pages should have contact info for both the FSF (or " "responsible party) and the address for bug reports (webmasters for general " "pages, but project-specific addresses otherwise) at the bottom of each " "page. The reason to note this at the bottom is so the user always finds " "this information at the same place on each page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Before you take any graphics or text from another website, please ask for " "permission to use it. It's polite to do so. It is also essential for us to " "avoid copyright infringement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Before adding a link, check that it follows our <a " "href=\"#pollinking\">linking criteria</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Do not list an address of an individual, including the maintainer of a GNU " "package, unless explicitly asked to have it listed. Most GNU maintainers do " "not want a lot of extra mail and prefer to get bug reports, etc. from the " "GNU bug report <a href=\"/prep/mailinglists.html\">mailing lists</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "On pages with dated entries (e.g., /philosophy/latest-articles.html), the " "newer entries should be first (i.e., reverse chronological order)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Pages should not load CSS from servers other than those run by the FSF." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Generally, the use of JavaScript is not allowed. Exceptions to this need to " "be reviewed and approved by the Chief GNUisance on a case-by-case basis." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Copyright Guidelines" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Every page should have a copyright notice. See the <a " "href=\"//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/*checkout*/www/server/standards/boilerplate.html?root=www&content-type=text%2Fplain\"> " "boilerplate</a>, referred below." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Every page should have a notice giving everyone permission to distribute " "it. If you cannot get such a permission from the author, please discuss the " "issue with the webmasters before posting it. This applies to CSS as well as " "to HTML." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Normally you shouldn't post a page that isn't copyright FSF unless we have " "permission to modify the version we publish. If you cannot get such a " "permission from the author, please discuss the issue with the FSF before " "posting it. This applies to CSS as well as to HTML." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "If ultimately we decide to post a new page we don't have permission to " "modify, put the text “Posted in 20XX without FSF permission to " "modify” inside an HTML comment, just after the copyright notice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The user of our pages should always find the copyright information at the " "same place on each page. If the page is copyrighted by some other person or " "entity, use per or its copyright notice instead of the FSF copyright " "notice. Use the rest of the FSF's normal footer material, except when there " "is a specific reason to change something in it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "All pages that explain how to do something, such as how to use certain " "programs, are documentation. This includes all the pages in " "<code>/software/</code> that describe specific programs. By our principles, " "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\"> documentation must be free</a>. So " "these pages must carry a <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\">free license</a>. If such a " "page doesn't have a free license, please report the problem to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "For other pages, use the same license as some other page that serves a " "similar kind of purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Spelling and Punctuation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "English pages should follow the standard American spelling, hyphenation and " "punctuation conventions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Since these conventions are not always very specific, especially as regards " "hyphenation and quotes, gnu.org adds its own rules for the sake of " "consistency:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "“Nonfree” is preferred over “non-free”; likewise, " "“noncommercial” over “non-commercial.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "In ordinary text, HTML entities “&ldquo;...&rdquo;” and " "“&lsquo;...&rsquo;” are preferred over straight quotes " "(\"...\" and '...'). This doesn't apply to script-generated documents." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Where they exist, the double spaces after sentence breaks should be " "preserved. They enable Emacs sentence commands to do the right thing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?) msgid "<a id=\"FilenameAndURLGuidelines\"></a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Filenames" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "To make simultaneous edition of many files easier, try and give each HTML " "file a unique name; the filename <code>index.html</code> should only be used " "as a symbolic link, as explained next." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Each directory in the web server tree should have a symbolic link named " "<code>index.html</code> to the top-level HTML file for that directory. Use " "the <a href=\"#symlinks\"><code>.symlinks</code></a> file to handle this." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "If you translate your web page in different languages, please name the " "English file <code>ARTICLE.html</code>, and its translations " "<code>ARTICLE.LANG.html</code>. LANG should contain the two-letter language " "code from <a " "href=\"https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php\">ISO " "639</a>, and optionally an hyphen followed the two-letter country code given " "in ISO 3166. For example, the German translation of " "<code>not-ipr.html</code> should be named <code>not-ipr.de.html</code>; the " "Brazilian Portuguese translation should be named " "<code>not-ipr.pt-br.html</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "URLs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Hand-written URLs that refer to other files on www.gnu.org should be " "absolute, starting from the root page. That is, paths should start with " "<code>/</code> (e.g., <code>/gnu/about-gnu.html</code>; <em>not</em> " "<code>http://www.gnu.org/gnu/about-gnu.html</code>, and <em>not</em> " "<code>about-gnu.html</code>). This makes it easier to copy and paste links " "from other pages. Besides, links like <code>http://www.gnu.org/</code> will " "be wrong when the visitor uses HTTPS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Collections of files produced automatically from Texinfo source contain " "links with relative file names. They always refer to another file in the " "same directory. These relative links are to be tolerated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Don't use just a directory name in a URL; always include the specific " "filename. E.g., use <code>/gnu/gnu.html</code>, not just " "<code>/gnu/</code>. Never use <code>index.html</code> in a URL. Both of " "these are kindnesses to the user, as browsers change the highlighting on a " "link after it has been visited. If links to a given file use several " "different URLs, the URLs that haven't been explicitly referenced will not be " "highlighted as visited. So the user goes to pages he/she has already seen, " "which is irritating. Also, this eases maintenance of the site as things get " "moved around." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Be sure to omit the filename entirely when linking to an anchor in the same " "file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Consider others linking to your page when removing an anchor or " "<code>id</code> attribute." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Cite FTP locations of source code with the full URL of the directory they " "are in:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "<code> <a " "href=\"https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/foo\">https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/foo</a> " "</code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "which browsers display this way:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/\">https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/foo</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "We encourage FTP sites to use a directory for each package, and only put one " "package's files in each directory, so that the users can see what versions " "of that package and related information can be downloaded (e.g., a " "<code>README</code> file, information of what versions are available, " "documentations, fonts, etc.). Also, it means that the FTP location URLs do " "not need to be changed, on this and other sites, as new versions are " "released into that directory." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Cite people with e-mail addresses this way:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "<code> <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard " "Stallman</a> <a " "href=\"mailto:rms@gnu.org\">&lt;rms@gnu.org&gt;</a> </code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a> <a " "href=\"mailto:rms@gnu.org\"><rms@gnu.org></a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "It is less confusing to the user, because it's clear what is a " "<code>http(s):</code> link to another web page and what is a " "<code>mailto:</code> anchor that will bring up a mail form to fill out and " "send, if this is supported by the client. Also, if users save a copy of the " "page, they will have a copy of the e-mail address they can use without going " "back to their web browser. If the person doesn't have a web page, leave the " "name unanchored." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "When embedding static resources like videos that are not in the " "<code>www</code> CVS repository along with the rest of the www.gnu.org " "pages, it's important that the URL used to embed the asset be a subdomain of " "gnu.org, so that the Third-party Request Blocker add-on shipped with GNU " "IceCat would not consider it a third-party asset which it would prevent from " "being loaded. For example, when embedding videos from FSF campaigns on " "www.gnu.org, use <code>static.gnu.org</code> rather than " "<code>static.fsf.org</code>. Both of these addresses have been set to point " "to the same machine, so they can be used interchangeably." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "HTML Guidelines" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "HTML on the GNU web server should be strictly compliant with <a " "href=\"https://www.w3.org/standards/\">W3C standards</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Please follow the above mentioned web standards strictly. Don't neglect <a " "href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.1\">required " "elements</a> such as <html> <head> <title> <body>, " "etc. when using (X)HTML, and always include the appropriate DTD or Schema " "reference. This appeases overly pedantic browsers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Do not add comments at the top of a document. Web browsers expect the " "doctype, XML declaration, or Schema to be at the top. Comments will confuse " "them, and often cause them to incorrectly interpret your markup." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "The <head> element should contain this line:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "<code><link rev=\"made\" href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"></code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Some browsers use this information to allow users to easily report problems " "they find on a page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The first header tag, <h[n]>, should have its text duplicated at the " "start of the <title> tag. The <title> tag is used by many " "browsers in menus like the history and bookmarks lists, as a link to that " "page. Repeating the main heading in the <title> ensures that, when " "users click on an item in these menus, they get a page with the expected " "heading. Please properly use your headers in numerical order: 1, 2, etc. " "These are not used for looks, but for the organization of the document." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The <title> tag should include the phrases “GNU Project” " "and “Free Software Foundation” so the pages will be found when " "web search engines are used. The default is to add this at the end: <code> " "- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Acronyms/abbreviations:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Never use <code><acronym></code>: HTML5 obsoletes it in favor of " "<code><abbr></code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Don't use <code><abbr></code> unless for a really compelling reason. " "Browsers render it in an ugly way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "When an abbreviation may be unfamiliar to a reader, give its expansion the " "first time it is used in a document, like this: <code><abbr " "title=\"Expanded Abbreviation\">EA</abbr></code> or <code>EA " "(Expanded Abbreviation)</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Further occurrences, in any case, should be written without any markup: just " "<code>EA</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "For common-enough initialisms, such as GNU, FSF, BSD, RAM, HTML, DVD, and so " "on and so on, no markup is needed at all. Use your judgment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Tables and menus" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Please use tables to organize data, not the presentation of the web page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Screen reader software used by most blind people reads the text from left to " "right, ignoring any tables that you make. If you use tables, you should make " "sure that reading a whole page left to right doesn't confuse such software. " "Please follow the <a href=\"https://www.w3.org/WAI/\">W3C web accessibility " "guidelines</a> to ensure that tables are properly marked for accessibility." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Some people like to organize links as a menu to the left or right of the " "main text when using graphical browsers. That does not work very well with " "text browsers since they will make the menu appear either on top of the page " "or at the bottom. If you have a menu that is more than 30 lines long, then " "it's very probable that a user viewing the page will never bother to read " "the text because it will be too far down. You should make an effort to keep " "such menus under 20 lines long so that the beginning of the article is " "visible on the first page when viewing it with a text browser. A menu bar " "of one or two horizontal lines might accomplish your purpose as well. " "Providing a “skip link” to the main text is another option." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Using our page template" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "To help people follow the above guidelines, a page template (or " "“boilerplate”) is provided for both the main part of the GNU " "website, and the software projects. Its use is mandatory for new pages in " "www.gnu.org, and highly recommended for software pages. Please don't start " "out with an existing page to create a new one; use the <a " "href=\"//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/*checkout*/www/server/standards/boilerplate.html?root=www&content-type=text%2Fplain\"> " "original source</a> of the boilerplate instead, and follow the instructions " "in it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The templated pages must follow the <a " "href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/\">XHTML-1.0 guidelines</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Our server-side includes declare UTF-8 as the character encoding, so using " "any other encoding is problematic." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Styling" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid "Styling of templated pages" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Generic styling for desktops and smartphones is provided by two CSS: " "<code>/reset.css</code> (from the <a " "href=\"//web.archive.org/web/20070930230754/http://developer.yahoo.com:80/yui/\"> " "YUI library, version 2</a>), which normalizes the default rendering of " "all HTML elements by the various browsers, and <code>/layout.css</code>, " "which contains gnu.org-specific formatting. A few responsive elements are " "defined in <code>/layout.css</code>. They cover most of our use cases." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Mobile devices with very limited resources use <code>/mini.css</code>. This " "stylesheet is just the YUI (version 2) reset and base stylesheets, as " "these devices typically have minimal need for various fonts and no need for " "fancy layouts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Printers use <code>/print.css</code>. Note that the header, navigation bars " "and footer (except copyright and license) are unprintable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "If some special styling is needed for a specific page, it should be added to " "the page itself in a <style> element, between the SSI directives that " "include <code>header.html</code> and <code>banner.html</code>. If the style " "applies to a single element, it should normally be added as an attribute." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "If you specify any color attribute in the HTML, you should specify all of " "them that are allowed for that tag. This is because some browsers allow " "users to specify defaults for the color attributes, and the user's choices " "could conflict with your choices, as your choices override the user's " "choices. In the worse case, the foreground and background could end up the " "same. Please use a stylesheet for this, and not HTML 3.2 (HTML 4 " "Transitional) deprecated markup." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "<em>Note about grids:</em>  Very few pages currently use them. In the " "event you'd like to create one that does, good starting points may be found " "in <a " "href=\"//web.archive.org/web/20190917161357/http://yuilibrary.com/yui/docs/cssgrids/\"> " "YUI version 3</a>, and <a href=\"//purecss.io/grids/\">Pure " "Grids</a>. The components provided by these libraries are licensed under the " "modified (3-clause) BSD license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid "Other stylesheets" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Historical pages (unmaintained translations for the most part) refer to " "<code>/gnu.css</code>, which in turn loads <code>/mini.css</code>, as these " "pages are usually very basic, plain pages with little or no formatting." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Some software manuals use a dedicated CSS, <code>/style.css</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Translators maintain stylesheets (<code>/style.LANG.css</code>) that modify " "layout.css according to their own needs. The RTL languages (Arabic, " "Persian, and Hebrew) use <code>/style.rtl.css</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Use of Graphics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "The use of graphics should be minimized, so pages load fast over slow links, " "especially animations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "We do not use background images on our pages, as they make text " "significantly harder to read." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "In the past, GIFs have had patent problems. However, now that the IBM and " "Unisys patents (and other patents worldwide that are relevant to LZW " "compression) have expired, GIFs that are based on the 87a or 89a standard " "are acceptable. Please be wary of proprietary applications that may include " "non-standard patented technologies (we'd prefer you use free software " "applications when authoring for our websites). In general, PNG or JPEG " "format are still safe, and are probably better from a technical standpoint. " "For details regarding the old GIF problem, see <a " "href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/gif.html</a>. " "Other formats are also allowed, though JPEG is the one most widely " "recognized by web browsers (avoid JPEG 2000, and be careful with PNG alpha " "channels; the former is not widely supported, and the latter are not fully " "supported by some older browsers)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Before you take an image from another website, please ask for permission to " "use it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Always have a textual alternative for in-line images, for people who have " "text-only access to the web. For instance:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "<code><img src=\"/graphics/*.jpg\" alt=\"&nbsp;[DESCRIPTIVE " "TEXT]&nbsp;\"></code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "We add the non-breaking spaces (&nbsp;) and square brackets to separate " "the DESCRIPTIVE TEXT from adjacent text, and help the user realize that this " "is a stand-in for an image. The point of using non-breaking spaces rather " "than normal ones is to make sure they find their way to the translatable " "strings that are extracted by the PO4A/Gettext tools." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Make sure the image doesn't look too big or too small when displayed at its " "original size, using the browser's default font size." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Adjust image width or height in a style attribute, using scalable units such " "as <code>em</code> or <code>%</code>; for instance:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "<code><img src=\"/graphics/*.jpg\" alt=\"&nbsp;[DESCRIPTIVE " "TEXT]&nbsp;\" style=\"width: 10em\" /></code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "This way, the page will look the same if the reader increases or decreases " "font size." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "If you are adding a small floating image to a page that uses " "<code>layout.css</code> (the stylesheet for <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.webmastering.html#templating\">templated " "pages</a>), you may want to use the <code>imgright</code> or " "<code>imgleft</code> class (defined in the IMAGES section of the " "stylesheet). This will ensure that the floating direction is reversed if " "the page is translated into an RTL language." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "If the image you are adding is 12em wide or more, and the page is templated, " "you may find it convenient to use one of the responsive <code>pict</code> " "classes that are defined in the IMAGES section of <code>layout.css</code> " "(you can adjust the width in a style attribute if none of the predefined " "ones fits your needs); for instance:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "<code><div class=\"pict wide\" style=\"width: 25em\"><img " "src=\"/graphics/*.jpg\" alt=\"&nbsp;[DESCRIPTIVE TEXT]&nbsp;\" " "/></div></code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Note that the <code>div</code> container is necessary because some browsers " "(e.g., NetSurf) don't know how to apply <code>max-width</code> to images." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "Link all images that are displayed throughout the website to the relevant " "page, usually in <code>/graphics/</code>. This can be done with code " "similar to this, which corresponds to the image on the left:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p><a> msgid "<a href=\"/graphics/agnuhead.html\">" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <ul><li><p><a><img> msgid " [Image of the Head of a GNU] " msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<p class=\"imgleft\">\n" "<a href=\"/graphics/agnuhead.html\">\n" "<img src=\"/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg\"\n" " alt=\" [Image of the Head of a GNU] \"\n" " style=\"width: 8em\" />\n" "</a></p>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "This will allow users to quickly go to pages related to the pictures they " "are interested in." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Appendix 1 - Linking Policies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "One of the most complex aspects of maintaining web pages is following the " "linking guidelines; however, it's also a very crucial aspect of the job." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "We strive to ensure that all pages we promote—all pages which are " "given links on our site—are friendly to the free software movement. " "Some pages will obviously not meet such standards; if the site flames the " "Free Software Foundation, or has no apparent relation to free software and " "surrounding issues, the link shouldn't be made. Beyond that, however, there " "are criteria used in determining whether or not it is appropriate to provide " "a link to a page from ours. They are listed below, in order of descending " "general importance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dt> msgid "What's the context of the link?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The link's purpose on our site will play a role in determining how strongly " "it should be judged against the other criteria. Pages hosting GNU projects " "will be held to the highest standards. Pages about other free software and " "given high promotion—for example, included in a newsfeed on the main " "page—are a close second. Links on the philosophy page may be given " "more leeway in talking about proprietary software; GNU/Linux user group " "pages should call the system GNU/Linux almost always but are hardly checked " "on other criteria. Always keep this in mind when deciding how to weigh each " "aspect of these policies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dt> msgid "Does the page promote proprietary software?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The big point made by the free software movement is that proprietary " "software presents an ethical dilemma: you cannot agree to such nonfree terms " "and treat those around you as you would like to be treated. When " "proprietary software is promoted, people get the impression that it is okay " "to use it, while we are trying to convince them otherwise. As such, we " "avoid offering such free advertising, either directly on our site or " "indirectly through links." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "What's tricky about this criteria is the “promotion” point: " "there's a difference between mentioning proprietary software and making a " "sales pitch for it. Indeed, the GNU Project website mentions proprietary " "software throughout, but never gives people the impression that its use does " "not present ethical problems." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "There are two things to keep in mind when determining whether a reference to " "proprietary software promotes it, or simply mentions it. First, how much " "information does it offer about the software? Second, how much information " "is the reader likely to actually gain from this page?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Different pages provide different amounts of information about proprietary " "software; the more it provides, the more of a problem it poses for us. For " "example, some pages may link to the primary site for a proprietary software " "program. Others may describe its functionality in detail. Even the product " "name given matters; there's a difference between “Windows” and " "“Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "If the page requires <a href=\"/philosophy/javascript-trap.html\">nonfree, " "nontrivial JavaScript</a> and has serious failures with JavaScript disabled, " "the link shouldn't be made. Similarly, if the page has embedded Flash that " "plays an important role, so that a person would be missing something " "important if the videos do not play, the link should not be made." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The subject of the reference will also play a role in determining how " "problematic a reference is. If the software is already very popular, it's " "unlikely that a basic mention of it will be news to the reader. Some " "examples of proprietary software which are common enough to be considered " "“well-known” are major operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, Sun " "OS, HP-UX) and primary common applications such as Office, Internet " "Explorer, Photoshop, Acrobat Reader, and Flash." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "GNU software project pages feel the full force of this policy. Proprietary " "software should only be mentioned when the GNU software provides support for " "it, or to compare it against the features of well-known proprietary " "software. For example, the following text—and not much " "else—would be acceptable:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><blockquote><p> msgid "" "w3 is a web browser for GNU Emacs, similar to Internet Explorer. It can run " "on all platforms GNU Emacs runs on, including GNU/Linux, proprietary Unix " "systems, and Windows." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Links which appear in other areas, such as the testimonials or philosophy " "pages, as well as links to user groups may discuss such software in greater " "detail, but links and other methods of encouragement to “learn " "more” should still be avoided." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dt> msgid "How does the page compare free software to open source?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Almost all pages which have links on our site should, at the very least, " "treat free software and open source equally. Failure to do so—whether " "it be by omitting free software or by implying that open source is " "superior—is usually unacceptable. GNU software project pages should " "have little mention of open source. The GNOME page used to provide a good " "example of a tactful way to do it:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><blockquote><p> msgid "" "GNOME is part of the GNU Project, and is free software (sometimes referred " "to as open source software)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Any exceptions to this rule should be apparent from the context. For " "instance, user groups pages may talk in greater detail about open source; we " "state on the user groups page, “As with our links page, the FSF is not " "responsible for the contents of other websites, or how up-to-date their " "information is.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dt> msgid "How does the page treat the GNU Project?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Pages which we link to should treat the GNU Project well. The primary thing " "to look out for in this regard is whether the page calls the system " "GNU/Linux or just “Linux.” GNU software project and user group " "pages should almost never, if ever, fail to do this. Again, exceptions for " "other pages should be apparent from context." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "That said, certain parts of a page should not be considered against these " "criteria. For example, suppose we were to make a link to a page on a free " "software news site. Any advertisements or reader comments attached to the " "article would not be considered when determining whether it met or linking " "guidelines, since they're understood to be the opinion of their individual " "authors. Similarly, on user group pages, the contents of forums and wiki " "pages should not hold weight in these regards." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Finally, some sites are understood to always have exception with most of " "these guidelines. These sites are usually about issues which are important, " "but somewhat peripheral, to the free software movement. Several times we " "have linked to the Electronic Frontier Foundation's site, even though they " "encourage the use of Flash and talked exclusively about open source " "software. It's generally understood that since these pages are not " "primarily about free software, the policies do not hold full force for them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "As a final explanation (coming from RMS): Even for making links from " "www.gnu.org, we do not <em>require</em> that people call the system " "GNU/Linux or use the term “free software” rather than " "“open source.” We do, however, require that they not promote any " "nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p> msgid "" "If all this seems complicated, that's because, unfortunately, it is. Don't " "worry; a knack for it comes with time and experience. You may mis-evaluate " "a few pages as you're learning to get a feel for what's acceptable and what " "isn't; please don't hesitate to get a second opinion from a more experienced " "webmaster, or someone in charge like the Chief Webmaster or RMS. New " "exceptions will always come up; keep an open mind to that possibility and be " "ready to handle them properly." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Appendix 2 - Working with Web CVS Repositories" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid "Basic CVS commands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Before the initial checkout, set the environment variable " "<code>CVS_RSH=ssh</code>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "If you have write access to www, check out the main www repository with your " "Savannah login:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "cvs -z3 -d:ext:<username>@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/web/www co www\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "You will get a working directory, <code>www</code>, with the same structure " "as our main website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "If you don't have write access to www, you can still make an anonymous " "checkout of www:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/web/www co www\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "Check out the web repository of the fooproject:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "" "cvs -z3 -d:ext:<username>@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/web/fooproject co " "fooproject\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "You will get a working directory, <code>fooproject</code>, with the same " "structure as the <code>www/software/fooproject</code> subdirectory. Note, " "however, that the fooproject and www repositories are independent. The " "working directories can be anywhere in your filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "<em>Webmasters, please read <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.webmastering.html#gnupackages\">Web pages " "for official GNU software</a> before committing anything to the web " "repository of a software project.</em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "Add a file or directory:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "cvs add foo\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "Update before you edit a file:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "cvs update -P foo\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "Check the changes you are going to commit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "cvs diff -U2 foo\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "Perform the commit (no need for <code>cvs add</code> if the file is already " "in the repository):" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "cvs commit foo\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "This will open a text editor where you should enter a log message. The " "commit will occur upon saving the message." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "Without being excessively verbose, log messages should describe as clearly " "as possible the nature of the commit, including any related ticket numbers " "from RT to allow future historians to understand why your changes were made." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "Whenever possible, changes to multiple files that share the same log message " "should be bundled in one commit. Do not bundle multiple unrelated changes " "in one commit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "The changes (except to <a href=\"#symlinks\">.symlinks files</a>) should be " "visible on www.gnu.org within minutes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "For further details on CVS, such as reverting to a previous version, or " "looking at the <code>diff</code> output of a particular change, see the <a " "href=\"/software/trans-coord/manual/cvs/\">CVS documentation</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid "Symbolic links" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Since CVS is not able to handle symbolic links directly, a separate " "mechanism has been implemented to allow webmasters to maintain symbolic " "links, as follows. (Actual symbolic links are no longer created on " "www.gnu.org; mod_rewrite rules are used instead. But we'll keep this " "discussion talking about symlinks since it is easier to understand that " "way.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Being a symlink means that relative links from the linked page may break " "when the symlink jumps to a different directory." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Special files, named <code>.symlinks</code>, when committed to the CVS tree, " "are interpreted as specifications to build symbolic links. Each symbolic " "link specification from the .symlinks file is honored, i.e., the symbolic " "link is created if it does not exist yet. If a symbolic link is found in " "the directory and is not listed in the .symlinks file, it is removed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "The .symlinks files obey the <code>ln -s</code> format, as described below:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Lines starting with a sharp sign (“#”) are ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "Lines that do not contain two strings separated by white space are silently " "ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "Here is an example of a .symlinks file:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <pre> #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Make a link named l.html to a target t.html.\n" "# Strictly equivalent to ln -s t.html l.html:\n" "t.html l.html\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "On each line the first file name must be a relative path name to an existing " "file. The second file name may not contain any slash; it is the name of the " "symbolic link to be created in the present directory. For instance, if a " "page named <code>DIR.html</code> exists in the <code>/DIR</code> directory, " "and <code>index.html</code> does not exist, <code>/DIR/.symlinks</code> " "should contain a line like this:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <pre> #, no-wrap msgid "DIR.html index.html\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "The <code>ln -s</code> analogy accounts for only part of the story. The " "current method actually takes advantage of the flexibility of URL " "rewriting. Thus a single HTML entry in the .symlinks file defines links to " "all possible translations that follow our <a " "href=\"#NamingTranslations\">naming conventions</a>. This makes it " "impossible to use symlinks to redirect to and from HTML files whose names " "look like translations, that is, <code>page.<var>LL</var>.html</code> or " "<code>page.<var>LL-CC</var>.html</code>, where LL and CC are two-letter " "codes. When you need such redirections, use the <a " "href=\"#htaccess\">htaccess mechanism</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "These days, the .symlinks handling happens on www.gnu.org via a cron job " "that runs twice an hour. Webmasters do not have access to it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid ".htaccess and redirections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "To browsers, the symbolic links in the previous section are " "indistinguishable from the actual file. You may want an actual redirection " "in some cases. You can do this either in the top-level control file " "<code>.htaccess</code>, or by using something like this as the file to be " "redirected:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "<code> <meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"0; " "url=http://www.gnu.org/target\"> </code>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid "Scripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "A <a href=\"/server/source/source.html\">description of scripts and " "software</a> used on www.gnu.org is available. Please read it before " "writing any scripts, and also update it as needed if you have write access " "to www." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h4> msgid "System administrators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "The system administrators for GNU change from time to time. Please email " "the sysadmin list <sysadmin@gnu.org> rather than an individual, unless " "you have a specific reason to do so." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Useful Resources" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "Outside gnu.org:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "We follow the guidelines of the <a " "href=\"https://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/\">Best Viewed with Any " "Browser</a> campaign." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Basic info on the web and its technical specifications can be found at <a " "href=\"https://www.w3.org/\">The World Wide Web Consortium</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Use of the <a href=\"https://www.cs.tcd.ie/15445/UG.HTML\">ISO</a> standard " "for the <a href=\"https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/\">Hypertext Markup Language " "(HTML)</a> allows for consistent backwards compatibility among web user " "agents." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "The GNU web server follows the w3.org <a " "href=\"https://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/Overview.html\">Style Guide</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "On gnu.org:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#content\">The GNU Website Guidelines</a>;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Guidelines for <a href=\"/server/standards/README.editors.html\">Web Page " "Creation</a> at www.gnu.org;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/software/texinfo/manual/texinfo/html_node/Tips.html\"> Appendix B " "Tips and Hints</a>, and other style tips in the <a " "href=\"/software/texinfo/manual/texinfo/\">Texinfo Manual</a>;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/accessibility/accessibility.html\">GNU Accessibility " "Statement</a>;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/server/standards/README.webmastering.html\">GNU Webmastering " "Guidelines;</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Guide to <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">translating</a> GNU web " "pages into other languages;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/software/trans-coord/manual/gnun/html_node/Webmaster-Tips.html\"> " "Tips for webmasters</a> to make translators' job easier;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"//savannah.gnu.org/maintenance/FrontPage/\">Documentation for " "Savannah</a>, the SourceForge clone dedicated to the GNU Project;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/prep/gnumaint/README\"> README</a> for the " "<code>/prep/gnumaint/</code> directory (those files are primarily used by <a " "href=\"/prep/maintain/\">GNU maintainer administrators</a>, and occasionally " "by GNU webmasters, to update the <code>/*/allgnupkgs.html</code> files in " "www)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Here is the <a href=\"/server/tasks.html\">help</a> we need with our <a " "href=\"/server/server.html\">web server</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 " "Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""