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Mail mode has two commands for sending the message you have been editing:
mail-send).
mail-send-and-exit).
C-c C-s (mail-send) sends the message and marks the mail
buffer unmodified, but leaves that buffer selected so that you can
modify the message (perhaps with new recipients) and send it again.
C-c C-c (mail-send-and-exit) sends and then deletes the
window or switches to another buffer. It puts the mail buffer at the
lowest priority for reselection by default, since you are finished with
using it. This is the usual way to send the message. Sending a message
runs the hook mail-send-hook.
In a file-visiting buffer, sending the message does not clear the modified flag, because only saving the file should do that. Also, you don't get a warning if you try to send the same message twice.
When you send a message that contains non-ASCII characters, they need
to be encoded with a coding system (see Coding Systems). Usually
the coding system is specified automatically by your chosen language
environment (see Language Environments). You can explicitly specify
the coding system for outgoing mail by setting the variable
sendmail-coding-system (see Recognize Coding).
If the coding system thus determined does not handle the characters in a particular message, Emacs asks you to select the coding system to use, showing a list of possible coding systems.
The variable send-mail-function controls how the default mail
user agent sends mail. It should be set to a function. In most cases,
the default is sendmail-send-it, which delivers mail using the
Sendmail installation on the local host. On Mac OS X and MS-Windows,
however, the default is normally mailclient-send-it, which
passes the mail buffer on to the system's designated mail client (see
mailclient.el). To send mail through an SMTP server, set
send-mail-function to smtpmail-send-it and set up the
Emacs SMTP library (see Emacs SMTP Library). Another option is feedmail-send-it (see the
commentary section of the feedmail.el package).