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Just like in LaTeX, `^' and `_' are used to indicate super- and subscripts. Again, these can be used without embedding them in math-mode delimiters. To increase the readability of ASCII text, it is not necessary (but OK) to surround multi-character sub- and superscripts with curly braces. For example
The mass if the sun is M_sun = 1.989 x 10^30 kg. The radius of
the sun is R_{sun} = 6.96 x 10^8 m.
To avoid interpretation as raised or lowered text, you can quote `^' and `_' with a backslash: `\_' and `\^'.
During HTML export (see HTML export), subscript and superscripts
are surrounded with <sub> and <sup> tags, respectively.