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When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the prompt suggests to enter an ISO date. But it will in fact accept any string containing some date and/or time information. You can, for example, use C-y to paste a (possibly multi-line) string copied from an email message. Org-mode will find whatever information is in there and will replace anything not specified with the current date and time. For example:
3-2-5 --> 2003-02-05
feb 15 --> currentyear-02-15
sep 12 9 --> 2009-09-12
12:45 --> today 12:45
22 sept 0:34 --> currentyear-09-22 0:34
12 --> currentyear-currentmonth-12
Fri --> nearest Friday (today or later)
+4 --> 4 days from now (if +N is the only thing given)
The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
the variables parse-time-months and parse-time-weekdays.
Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up1. When you exit the date prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing <RET>, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the information entered at the prompt. You can control the calendar fully from the minibuffer:
[1] If
you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable
org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt.