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This section needs a lot of work! Please help.
The recent Cygwin installation of ssh works only with a Cygwinized GNU Emacs. You can check it by typing M-x eshell, and starting ssh test.machine. The problem is evident if you see a message like this:
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
Older ssh versions of Cygwin are told to cooperate with tramp selecting sshx as the connection method. You can find information about setting up Cygwin in their FAQ at http://cygwin.com/faq/.
If you wish to use the scpx connection method, then you might
have the problem that GNU Emacs calls scp with a
Windows filename such as c:/foo. The Cygwin version of
scp does not know about Windows filenames and interprets this
as a remote filename on the host c.
One possible workaround is to write a wrapper script for scp which converts the Windows filename to a Cygwinized filename.
If you want to use either ssh based method on Windows, then
you might encounter problems with ssh-agent. Using this
program, you can avoid typing the pass-phrase every time you log in.
However, if you start GNU Emacs from a desktop shortcut, then
the environment variable SSH_AUTH_SOCK is not set and so
GNU Emacs and thus tramp and thus ssh and
scp started from tramp cannot communicate with
ssh-agent. It works better to start GNU Emacs from
the shell.
If anyone knows how to start ssh-agent under Windows in such a way that desktop shortcuts can profit, please holler. I don't really know anything at all about Windows...