POSIX specification:
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/basedefs/time.h.html
Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
TIME_UTC is not defined on many platforms:
glibc 2.15, macOS 10.13, FreeBSD 11.0, NetBSD 7.1, OpenBSD 6.0, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 7.1, HP-UX 11.31, Solaris 11.3, Cygwin 2.9, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 9.0.
NULL macro that cannot be used in arbitrary
expressions:
NetBSD 5.0.
Portability problems fixed by the Gnulib module year2038:
time_t defaults to 32-bit but can be
changed to 64-bit, functions like stat can fail with
errno == EOVERFLOW when a 32-bit timestamp is out of range,
such as with a file timestamp in the far future or past:
glibc 2.34+ atop 32-bit x86 or ARM Linux.
See Avoiding the year 2038 problem.
Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:
struct tm lacks the the tm_gmtoff and
tm_zone members:
AIX 7.3, HP-UX 11, Solaris 11.4, mingw, MSVC 14.
daylight,
timezone and tzname are not available. Even on
platforms where they are available, their contents are often unreliable,
even in single-threaded programs.
Portable code can instead use struct tm’s tm_gmtoff and
tm_zone members when available, and the strftime function
with %z or %Z conversion specifiers otherwise.
time_t is always 32-bit, functions like
stat can fail with errno == EOVERFLOW when a timestamp
is out of range, such as with a file timestamp in the far future or
past; on other such platforms,
the functions silently return the low-order 32 bits of the correct
timestamp. These platforms will be obsolete when 32-bit time_t
rolls around, which will occur in 2038 for the typical case when
time_t is signed.
See Avoiding the year 2038 problem.
tv_nsec member of struct timespec
is not of type long, but is of type long long instead:
glibc x32