GNU Smalltalk Library Reference

This document describes the class libraries that are distributed together with the GNU Smalltalk programming language.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.


• Base classes:		The class reference
• Class index:		Index to the classes in the class reference
• Method index:		Index to the method selectors in the class reference
• Cross-reference:		Cross-reference between selectors

1 Base classes

Alphabetic list:
• AbstractNamespace:
• AlternativeObjectProxy:
• ArithmeticError:
• Array:
• ArrayedCollection:
• Association:
• Autoload:
• Bag:
• Behavior:
• BindingDictionary:
• BlockClosure:
• BlockContext:
• Boolean:
• ByteArray:
• CAggregate:
• CallinProcess:
• CArray:
• CArrayCType:
• CBoolean:
• CByte:
• CCallable:
• CCallbackDescriptor:
• CChar:
• CCompound:
• CDouble:
• CFloat:
• CFunctionDescriptor:
• Character:
• CharacterArray:
• CInt:
• Class:
• ClassDescription:
• CLong:
• CLongDouble:
• CLongLong:
• CObject:
• Collection:
• CompiledBlock:
• CompiledCode:
• CompiledMethod:
• ContextPart:
• Continuation:
• CPtr:
• CPtrCType:
• CScalar:
• CScalarCType:
• CShort:
• CSmalltalk:
• CString:
• CStringCType:
• CStruct:
• CType:
• CUChar:
• CUInt:
• CULong:
• CULongLong:
• CUnion:
• CUShort:
• Date:
• DateTime:
• DeferredVariableBinding:
• Delay:
• DelayedAdaptor:
• Dictionary:
• DirectedMessage:
• Directory:
• DLD:
• DumperProxy:
• Duration:
• DynamicVariable:
• Error:
• Exception:
• ExceptionSet:
• False:
• File:
• FileDescriptor:
• FilePath:
• FileSegment:
• FileStream:
• Float:
• FloatD:
• FloatE:
• FloatQ:
• Fraction:
• Generator:
• Getopt:
• Halt:
• HashedCollection:
• HomedAssociation:
• IdentityDictionary:
• IdentitySet:
• Integer:
• Interval:
• Iterable:
• LargeArray:
• LargeArrayedCollection:
• LargeByteArray:
• LargeInteger:
• LargeNegativeInteger:
• LargePositiveInteger:
• LargeWordArray:
• LargeZeroInteger:
• Link:
• LinkedList:
• LookupKey:
• LookupTable:
• Magnitude:
• MappedCollection:
• Memory:
• Message:
• MessageNotUnderstood:
• Metaclass:
• MethodContext:
• MethodDictionary:
• MethodInfo:
• Namespace:
• NetClients.URIResolver:
• NetClients.URL:
• Notification:
• NullProxy:
• NullValueHolder:
• Number:
• Object:
• ObjectDumper:
• ObjectMemory:
• OrderedCollection:
• Package:
• PackageLoader:
• Permission:
• PluggableAdaptor:
• PluggableProxy:
• Point:
• PositionableStream:
• Process:
• ProcessEnvironment:
• ProcessorScheduler:
• ProcessVariable:
• Promise:
• Random:
• ReadStream:
• ReadWriteStream:
• Rectangle:
• RecursionLock:
• Regex:
• RegexResults:
• RootNamespace:
• RunArray:
• ScaledDecimal:
• SecurityPolicy:
• Semaphore:
• SequenceableCollection:
• Set:
• SharedQueue:
• SingletonProxy:
• SmallInteger:
• SortedCollection:
• Stream:
• String:
• Symbol:
• SymLink:
• SystemDictionary:
• SystemExceptions.AlreadyDefined:
• SystemExceptions.ArgumentOutOfRange:
• SystemExceptions.BadReturn:
• SystemExceptions.CInterfaceError:
• SystemExceptions.EmptyCollection:
• SystemExceptions.EndOfStream:
• SystemExceptions.FileError:
• SystemExceptions.IndexOutOfRange:
• SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument:
• SystemExceptions.InvalidProcessState:
• SystemExceptions.InvalidSize:
• SystemExceptions.InvalidState:
• SystemExceptions.InvalidValue:
• SystemExceptions.MustBeBoolean:
• SystemExceptions.MutationError:
• SystemExceptions.NoRunnableProcess:
• SystemExceptions.NotEnoughElements:
• SystemExceptions.NotFound:
• SystemExceptions.NotImplemented:
• SystemExceptions.NotIndexable:
• SystemExceptions.NotYetImplemented:
• SystemExceptions.PackageNotAvailable:
• SystemExceptions.PrimitiveFailed:
• SystemExceptions.ProcessBeingTerminated:
• SystemExceptions.ProcessTerminated:
• SystemExceptions.ReadOnlyObject:
• SystemExceptions.SecurityError:
• SystemExceptions.ShouldNotImplement:
• SystemExceptions.SubclassResponsibility:
• SystemExceptions.UnhandledException:
• SystemExceptions.UserInterrupt:
• SystemExceptions.VerificationError:
• SystemExceptions.VMError:
• SystemExceptions.WrongArgumentCount:
• SystemExceptions.WrongClass:
• SystemExceptions.WrongMessageSent:
• TextCollector:
• Time:
• True:
• UndefinedObject:
• UnicodeCharacter:
• UnicodeString:
• ValueAdaptor:
• ValueHolder:
• VariableBinding:
• VersionableObjectProxy:
• VFS.ArchiveFile:
• VFS.ArchiveMember:
• VFS.FileWrapper:
• VFS.StoredZipMember:
• VFS.TmpFileArchiveMember:
• VFS.ZipFile:
• Warning:
• WeakArray:
• WeakIdentitySet:
• WeakKeyDictionary:
• WeakKeyIdentityDictionary:
• WeakSet:
• WeakValueIdentityDictionary:
• WeakValueLookupTable:
• WordArray:
• WriteStream:
• ZeroDivide:
Classes documented in this manual are boldfaced. Autoload Object Behavior ClassDescription Class Metaclass BlockClosure Boolean False True CObject CAggregate CArray CPtr CString CCallable CCallbackDescriptor CFunctionDescriptor CCompound CStruct CUnion CScalar CChar CDouble CFloat CInt CLong CLongDouble CLongLong CShort CSmalltalk CUChar CByte CBoolean CUInt CULong CULongLong CUShort ContextPart BlockContext MethodContext Continuation CType CPtrCType CArrayCType CScalarCType CStringCType Delay Directory DLD DumperProxy AlternativeObjectProxy NullProxy VersionableObjectProxy PluggableProxy SingletonProxy DynamicVariable Exception Error ArithmeticError ZeroDivide MessageNotUnderstood SystemExceptions.InvalidValue SystemExceptions.EmptyCollection SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument SystemExceptions.AlreadyDefined SystemExceptions.ArgumentOutOfRange SystemExceptions.IndexOutOfRange SystemExceptions.InvalidSize SystemExceptions.NotFound SystemExceptions.PackageNotAvailable SystemExceptions.InvalidProcessState SystemExceptions.InvalidState SystemExceptions.NotIndexable SystemExceptions.ProcessTerminated SystemExceptions.ReadOnlyObject SystemExceptions.WrongClass SystemExceptions.MustBeBoolean SystemExceptions.MutationError SystemExceptions.NotEnoughElements SystemExceptions.NotImplemented SystemExceptions.NotYetImplemented SystemExceptions.ShouldNotImplement SystemExceptions.SubclassResponsibility SystemExceptions.WrongMessageSent SystemExceptions.VMError SystemExceptions.BadReturn SystemExceptions.NoRunnableProcess SystemExceptions.PrimitiveFailed SystemExceptions.CInterfaceError SystemExceptions.FileError SystemExceptions.WrongArgumentCount SystemExceptions.SecurityError SystemExceptions.UserInterrupt SystemExceptions.VerificationError Halt Notification SystemExceptions.EndOfStream SystemExceptions.ProcessBeingTerminated Warning SystemExceptions.UnhandledException ExceptionSet FilePath File VFS.ArchiveMember VFS.TmpFileArchiveMember VFS.StoredZipMember VFS.FileWrapper VFS.ArchiveFile VFS.ZipFile FileSegment Getopt Iterable Collection Bag HashedCollection Dictionary BindingDictionary AbstractNamespace Namespace RootNamespace SystemDictionary LookupTable IdentityDictionary MethodDictionary WeakValueLookupTable WeakValueIdentityDictionary WeakKeyDictionary WeakKeyIdentityDictionary Set IdentitySet WeakSet WeakIdentitySet MappedCollection SequenceableCollection ArrayedCollection Array WeakArray ByteArray CharacterArray String Symbol UnicodeString CompiledCode CompiledBlock CompiledMethod Interval LargeArrayedCollection LargeArray LargeByteArray LargeWordArray WordArray LinkedList Semaphore OrderedCollection RunArray SortedCollection Stream FileDescriptor FileStream Generator ObjectDumper PositionableStream ReadStream WriteStream ReadWriteStream Random TextCollector Kernel.PackageInfo Package Link Process CallinProcess SymLink Magnitude Character UnicodeCharacter Date DateTime LookupKey Association HomedAssociation VariableBinding DeferredVariableBinding ProcessVariable Number Float FloatD FloatE FloatQ Fraction Integer LargeInteger LargeNegativeInteger LargePositiveInteger LargeZeroInteger SmallInteger ScaledDecimal Time Duration Memory Message DirectedMessage MethodInfo NetClients.URIResolver NetClients.URL ObjectMemory PackageLoader Permission Point ProcessEnvironment ProcessorScheduler Rectangle RecursionLock Regex RegexResults SecurityPolicy SharedQueue UndefinedObject ValueAdaptor NullValueHolder PluggableAdaptor DelayedAdaptor ValueHolder Promise

1.1 AbstractNamespace

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: BindingDictionary
Category: Language-Implementation: I am a special form of dictionary. Classes hold on an instance of me; it is called their ‘environment’.

1.1.1 AbstractNamespace class: instance creation

new: Disabled - use #new to create instances
primNew: parent name: spaceName: Private - Create a new namespace with the given name and parent, and add to the parent a key that references it.

1.1.2 AbstractNamespace: accessing

allAssociations: Answer a Dictionary with all of the associations in the receiver and each of its superspaces (duplicate keys are associated to the associations that are deeper in the namespace hierarchy)
allBehaviorsDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each class and metaclass in the namespace.
allClassObjectsDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each class and metaclass in the namespace.
allClassesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each class in the namespace.
allMetaclassesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each metaclass in the namespace.
classAt: aKey: Answer the value corrisponding to aKey if it is a class. Fail if either aKey is not found or it is associated to something different from a class.
classAt: aKey ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the value corrisponding to aKey if it is a class. Evaluate aBlock and answer its result if either aKey is not found or it is associated to something different from a class.

1.1.3 AbstractNamespace: compiling

addSharedPool: aDictionary: Import the given bindings for classes compiled with me as environment.
import: aDictionary: Import the given bindings for classes compiled with me as environment.
removeSharedPool: aDictionary: Remove aDictionary from my list of direct pools.
sharedPoolDictionaries: Answer the shared pools (not names) imported for my classes.

1.1.4 AbstractNamespace: copying

copyEmpty: newSize: Answer an empty copy of the receiver whose size is newSize
whileCurrentDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock with the current namespace set to the receiver. Answer the result of the evaluation.

1.1.5 AbstractNamespace: namespace hierarchy

addSubspace: aSymbol: Create a namespace named aSymbol, add it to the receiver’s subspaces, and answer it.
allSubassociationsDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock once for every association in each of the receiver’s subspaces.
allSubspaces: Answer the direct and indirect subspaces of the receiver in a Set
allSubspacesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all subspaces, both direct and indirect.
allSuperspacesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each of the receiver’s superspaces
includesClassNamed: aString: Answer whether the receiver or any of its superspaces include the given class – note that this method (unlike #includesKey:) does not require aString to be interned and (unlike #includesGlobalNamed:) only returns true if the global is a class object.
includesGlobalNamed: aString: Answer whether the receiver or any of its superspaces include the given key – note that this method (unlike #includesKey:) does not require aString to be interned but (unlike #includesClassNamed:) returns true even if the global is not a class object.
removeSubspace: aSymbol: Remove my subspace named aSymbol from the hierarchy.
selectSubspaces: aBlock: Return a Set of subspaces of the receiver satisfying aBlock.
selectSuperspaces: aBlock: Return a Set of superspaces of the receiver satisfying aBlock.
siblings: Answer all the other children of the same namespace as the receiver.
siblingsDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each of the other root namespaces, passing the namespace as a parameter.
subspaces: Answer the receiver’s direct subspaces
subspacesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all direct subspaces.
superspace: Answer the receiver’s superspace.
superspace: aNamespace: Set the superspace of the receiver to be ’aNamespace’. Also adds the receiver as a subspace of it.
withAllSubspaces: Answer a Set containing the receiver together with its direct and indirect subspaces
withAllSubspacesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for the receiver and all subclasses, both direct and indirect.

1.1.6 AbstractNamespace: overrides for superspaces

inheritedKeys: Answer a Set of all the keys in the receiver and its superspaces
set: key to: newValue: Assign newValue to the variable named as specified by ‘key’. This method won’t define a new variable; instead if the key is not found it will search in superspaces and raising an error if the variable cannot be found in any of the superspaces. Answer newValue.
set: key to: newValue ifAbsent: aBlock: Assign newValue to the variable named as specified by ‘key’. This method won’t define a new variable; instead if the key is not found it will search in superspaces and evaluate aBlock if it is not found. Answer newValue.
values: Answer a Bag containing the values of the receiver

1.1.7 AbstractNamespace: printing

name: Answer the receiver’s name
name: aSymbol: Change the receiver’s name to aSymbol
nameIn: aNamespace: Answer Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver when the current namespace is aNamespace
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.1.8 AbstractNamespace: testing

isNamespace: Answer ‘true’.
isSmalltalk: Answer ‘false’.

1.2 AlternativeObjectProxy

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: DumperProxy
Category: Streams-Files: I am a proxy that uses the same ObjectDumper to store an object which is not the object to be dumped, but from which the dumped object can be reconstructed. I am an abstract class, using me would result in infinite loops because by default I try to store the same object again and again. See the method comments for more information

1.2.1 AlternativeObjectProxy class: instance creation

acceptUsageForClass: aClass: The receiver was asked to be used as a proxy for the class aClass. Answer whether the registration is fine. By default, answer true except if AlternativeObjectProxy itself is being used.
on: anObject: Answer a proxy to be used to save anObject. IMPORTANT: this method MUST be overridden so that the overridden version sends #on: to super passing an object that is NOT the same as anObject (alternatively, you can override #dumpTo:, which is what NullProxy does), because that would result in an infinite loop! This also means that AlternativeObjectProxy must never be used directly – only as a superclass.

1.2.2 AlternativeObjectProxy: accessing

object: Reconstruct the object stored in the proxy and answer it. A subclass will usually override this
object: theObject: Set the object to be dumped to theObject. This should not be overridden.
primObject: Reconstruct the object stored in the proxy and answer it. This method must not be overridden

1.3 ArithmeticError

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Error
Category: Language-Exceptions: An ArithmeticError exception is raised by numeric classes when a program tries to do something wrong, such as extracting the square root of a negative number.

1.3.1 ArithmeticError: description

description: Answer a textual description of the exception.
isResumable: Answer true. Arithmetic exceptions are by default resumable.

1.4 Array

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: My instances are objects that have array-like properties: they are directly indexable by integers starting at 1, and they are fixed in size. I inherit object creation behavior messages such as #with:, as well as iteration and general access behavior from SequenceableCollection.

1.4.1 Array class: instance creation

from: anArray: Answer anArray, which is expected to be an array specified with a brace-syntax expression per my inherited protocol.

1.4.2 Array: built ins

at: anIndex ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the index-th indexed instance variable of the receiver
replaceFrom: start to: stop with: byteArray startingAt: replaceStart: Replace the characters from start to stop with new characters whose ASCII codes are contained in byteArray, starting at the replaceStart location of byteArray

1.4.3 Array: mutating objects

multiBecome: anArray: Transform every object in the receiver in each corresponding object in anArray. anArray and the receiver must have the same size

1.4.4 Array: printing

isLiteralObject: Answer whether the receiver is expressible as a Smalltalk literal.
printOn: aStream: Print a representation for the receiver on aStream
storeLiteralOn: aStream: Store a Smalltalk literal compiling to the receiver on aStream
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.4.5 Array: testing

isArray: Answer ‘true’.

1.5 ArrayedCollection

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: SequenceableCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: My instances are objects that are generally fixed size, and are accessed by an integer index. The ordering of my instance’s elements is determined externally; I will not rearrange the order of the elements.

1.5.1 ArrayedCollection class: instance creation

join: aCollection: Where aCollection is a collection of SequenceableCollections, answer a new instance with all the elements therein, in order.
join: aCollection separatedBy: sepCollection: Where aCollection is a collection of SequenceableCollections, answer a new instance with all the elements therein, in order, each separated by an occurrence of sepCollection.
new: size withAll: anObject: Answer a collection with the given size, whose elements are all set to anObject
streamContents: aBlock: Create a ReadWriteStream on an empty instance of the receiver; pass the stream to aBlock, then retrieve its contents and answer them.
with: element1: Answer a collection whose only element is element1
with: element1 with: element2: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
with: element1 with: element2 with: element3: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
with: element1 with: element2 with: element3 with: element4: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
with: element1 with: element2 with: element3 with: element4 with: element5: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
withAll: aCollection: Answer a collection whose elements are the same as those in aCollection

1.5.2 ArrayedCollection: basic

, aSequenceableCollection: Answer a new instance of an ArrayedCollection containing all the elements in the receiver, followed by all the elements in aSequenceableCollection
add: value: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
atAll: keyCollection: Answer a collection of the same kind returned by #collect:, that only includes the values at the given indices. Fail if any of the values in keyCollection is out of bounds for the receiver.
copyFrom: start to: stop: Answer a new collection containing all the items in the receiver from the start-th and to the stop-th
copyWith: anElement: Answer a new instance of an ArrayedCollection containing all the elements in the receiver, followed by the single item anElement
copyWithout: oldElement: Answer a copy of the receiver to which all occurrences of oldElement are removed

1.5.3 ArrayedCollection: built ins

size: Answer the size of the receiver

1.5.4 ArrayedCollection: compiler

literalEquals: anObject: Not commented.
literalHash: Not commented.

1.5.5 ArrayedCollection: copying Collections

copyReplaceAll: oldSubCollection with: newSubCollection

Answer a new collection in which all the sequences matching oldSubCollection are replaced with newSubCollection

copyReplaceFrom: start to: stop with: replacementCollection

Answer a new collection of the same class as the receiver that contains the same elements as the receiver, in the same order, except for elements from index ‘start’ to index ‘stop’.

If start < stop, these are replaced by the contents of the replacementCollection. Instead, If start = (stop + 1), like in ‘copyReplaceFrom: 4 to: 3 with: anArray’, then every element of the receiver will be present in the answered copy; the operation will be an append if stop is equal to the size of the receiver or, if it is not, an insert before index ‘start’.

copyReplaceFrom: start to: stop withObject: anObject

Answer a new collection of the same class as the receiver that contains the same elements as the receiver, in the same order, except for elements from index ‘start’ to index ‘stop’.

If start < stop, these are replaced by stop-start+1 copies of anObject. Instead, If start = (stop + 1), then every element of the receiver will be present in the answered copy; the operation will be an append if stop is equal to the size of the receiver or, if it is not, an insert before index ‘start’.

reverse

Answer the receivers’ contents in reverse order

1.5.6 ArrayedCollection: enumerating the elements of a collection

collect: aBlock: Answer a new instance of an ArrayedCollection containing all the results of evaluating aBlock passing each of the receiver’s elements
reject: aBlock: Answer a new instance of an ArrayedCollection containing all the elements in the receiver which, when passed to aBlock, answer false
select: aBlock: Answer a new instance of an ArrayedCollection containing all the elements in the receiver which, when passed to aBlock, answer true
with: aSequenceableCollection collect: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock for each pair of elements took respectively from the receiver and from aSequenceableCollection; answer a collection of the same kind of the receiver, made with the block’s return values. Fail if the receiver has not the same size as aSequenceableCollection.

1.5.7 ArrayedCollection: sorting

sorted: Return a copy of the receiver sorted according to the default sort block, which uses #<= to compare items.
sorted: sortBlock: Return a copy of the receiver sorted according to the given sort block, which accepts pair of items and returns true if the first item is less than the second one.

1.5.8 ArrayedCollection: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.5.9 ArrayedCollection: streams

writeStream: Answer a WriteStream streaming on the receiver

1.6 Association

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LookupKey
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent a mapping between two objects. Typically, my "key" object is a symbol, but I don’t require this. My "value" object has no conventions associated with it; it can be any object at all.

1.6.1 Association class: basic

key: aKey value: aValue: Answer a new association with the given key and value

1.6.2 Association: accessing

environment: Answer nil. This is present to achieve polymorphism with instances of VariableBinding.
environment: aNamespace: Do nothing. This is present to achieve polymorphism with instances of VariableBinding.
key: aKey value: aValue: Set the association’s key to aKey, and its value to aValue
value: Answer the association’s value
value: aValue: Set the association’s value to aValue

1.6.3 Association: finalization

mourn: Finalize the receiver

1.6.4 Association: printing

printOn: aStream: Put on aStream a representation of the receiver

1.6.5 Association: storing

storeOn: aStream: Put on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.6.6 Association: testing

= anAssociation: Answer whether the association’s key and value are the same as anAssociation’s, or false if anAssociation is not an Association. As a special case, identical values are considered equal even if #= returns false (as is the case for NaN floating-point values).
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.7 Autoload

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: none
Category: Examples-Useful tools: I am not a part of the normal Smalltalk kernel class system. I provide the ability to do late ("on-demand") loading of class definitions. Through me, you can define any class to be loaded when any message is sent to the class itself (such as to create an instance) or to its metaclass (such as #methodsFor: to extend it with class-side methods).

1.7.1 Autoload class: instance creation

class: nameSymbol from: fileNameString: Make Smalltalk automatically load the class named nameSymbol from fileNameString when needed
class: nameSymbol in: aNamespace from: fileNameString: Make Smalltalk automatically load the class named nameSymbol and residing in aNamespace from fileNameString when needed
class: nameSymbol in: aNamespace loader: anObject: Make Smalltalk automatically load the class named nameSymbol and residing in aNamespace. When the class is needed, anObject will be sent #autoload. By default, instances of FilePath and Package can be used.
class: nameSymbol loader: anObject: Make Smalltalk automatically load the class named nameSymbol. When the class is needed, anObject will be sent #autoload. By default, instances of FilePath and Package can be used.

1.7.2 Autoload: accessing

class: We need it to access the metaclass instance, because that’s what will load the file.
doesNotUnderstand: aMessage: Load the class and resend the message to it

1.8 Bag

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Collection
Category: Collections-Unordered: My instances are unordered collections of objects. You can think of me as a set with a memory; that is, if the same object is added to me twice, then I will report that that element has been stored twice.

1.8.1 Bag class: basic

new: Answer a new instance of the receiver
new: size: Answer a new instance of the receiver, with space for size distinct objects

1.8.2 Bag: adding

add: newObject: Add an occurrence of newObject to the receiver. Answer newObject. Fail if newObject is nil.
add: newObject withOccurrences: anInteger: If anInteger > 0, add anInteger occurrences of newObject to the receiver. If anInteger < 0, remove them. Answer newObject. Fail if newObject is nil.

1.8.3 Bag: enumerating the elements of a collection

asSet: Answer a set with the elements of the receiver
do: aBlock: Evaluate the block for all members in the collection.

1.8.4 Bag: extracting items

sortedByCount: Answer a collection of counts with elements, sorted by decreasing count.

1.8.5 Bag: printing

printOn: aStream: Put on aStream a representation of the receiver

1.8.6 Bag: removing

remove: oldObject ifAbsent: anExceptionBlock: Remove oldObject from the collection and return it. If can’t be found, answer instead the result of evaluationg anExceptionBlock

1.8.7 Bag: storing

storeOn: aStream: Put on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.8.8 Bag: testing collections

= aBag: Answer whether the receiver and aBag contain the same objects
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver
includes: anObject: Answer whether we include anObject
occurrencesOf: anObject: Answer the number of occurrences of anObject found in the receiver
size: Answer the total number of objects found in the receiver

1.9 Behavior

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: I am the parent class of all "class" type methods. My instances know about the subclass/superclass relationships between classes, contain the description that instances are created from, and hold the method dictionary that’s associated with each class. I provide methods for compiling methods, modifying the class inheritance hierarchy, examining the method dictionary, and iterating over the class hierarchy.

1.9.1 Behavior: accessing class hierarchy

allSubclasses: Answer the direct and indirect subclasses of the receiver in a Set
allSuperclasses: Answer all the receiver’s superclasses in a collection
subclasses: Answer the direct subclasses of the receiver in a Set
superclass: Answer the receiver’s superclass (if any, otherwise answer nil)
withAllSubclasses: Answer a Set containing the receiver together with its direct and indirect subclasses
withAllSuperclasses: Answer the receiver and all of its superclasses in a collection

1.9.2 Behavior: accessing instances and variables

allClassVarNames: Return all the class variables understood by the receiver
allInstVarNames: Answer the names of every instance variables the receiver contained in the receiver’s instances
allInstances: Returns a set of all instances of the receiver
allSharedPoolDictionaries: Return the shared pools defined by the class and any of its superclasses, in the correct search order.
allSharedPools: Return the names of the shared pools defined by the class and any of its superclasses, in the correct search order.
classPool: Answer the class pool dictionary. Since Behavior does not support classes with class variables, we answer an empty one; adding variables to it results in an error.
classVarNames: Answer all the class variables for instances of the receiver
indexOfInstVar: aString: Answer the index of aString in the fixed instance variables of the instances of the receiver, or 0 if the variable is missing.
indexOfInstVar: aString ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the index of aString in the fixed instance variables of the instances of the receiver, or 0 if the variable is missing.
instVarNames: Answer an Array containing the instance variables defined by the receiver
instanceCount: Return a count of all the instances of the receiver
sharedPools: Return the names of the shared pools defined by the class
subclassInstVarNames: Answer the names of the instance variables the receiver inherited from its superclass

1.9.3 Behavior: accessing the method dictionary

>> selector: Return the compiled method associated with selector, from the local method dictionary. Error if not found.
allSelectors: Answer a Set of all the selectors understood by the receiver
compiledMethodAt: selector: Return the compiled method associated with selector, from the local method dictionary. Error if not found.
compiledMethodAt: selector ifAbsent: aBlock: Return the compiled method associated with selector, from the local method dictionary. Evaluate aBlock if not found.
formattedSourceStringAt: selector: Answer the method source code as a formatted string (if available) for the given selector. Requires package Parser.
lookupAllSelectors: aSelector: Answer a Set of all the compiled method associated with selector. from the local method dictionary and all of the superclasses.
lookupSelector: aSelector: Return the compiled method associated with selector, from the local method dictionary or one of a superclass; return nil if not found.
parseTreeFor: selector: Answer the parse tree for the given selector, or nil if there was an error. Requires the Parser package to be loaded.
selectorAt: method: Return selector for the given CompiledMethod
selectors: Answer a Set of the receiver’s selectors
sourceCodeAt: selector: Answer source code (if available) for the given selector.
sourceCodeAt: selector ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer source code (if available) for the given selector.
sourceMethodAt: selector: This is too dependent on the original implementation

1.9.4 Behavior: built ins

basicNewInFixedSpace

Create a new instance of a class with no indexed instance variables. The instance is guaranteed not to move across garbage collections. Like #basicNew, this method should not be overridden.

basicNewInFixedSpace: numInstanceVariables

Create a new instance of a class with indexed instance variables. The instance has numInstanceVariables indexed instance variables. The instance is guaranteed not to move across garbage collections. Like #basicNew:, this method should not be overridden.

flushCache

Invalidate the method cache kept by the virtual machine. This message should not need to be called by user programs.

methodsFor: category ifTrue: condition

Compile the following code inside the receiver, with the given category, if condition is true; else ignore it

primCompile: code

Compile the code, a string or readable stream, with no category. Fail if the code does not obey Smalltalk syntax. Answer the generated CompiledMethod if it does.

Do not send this in user code; use #compile: or related methods instead.

primCompile: code ifError: aBlock

As with #primCompile:, but evaluate aBlock (passing the file name, line number and description of the error) if the code does not obey Smalltalk syntax.

Do not send this in user code; use #compile:ifError: or related methods instead.

someInstance

Private - Answer the first instance of the receiver in the object table

1.9.5 Behavior: builtin

basicNew: Create a new instance of a class with no indexed instance variables; this method must not be overridden.
basicNew: numInstanceVariables: Create a new instance of a class with indexed instance variables. The instance has numInstanceVariables indexed instance variables; this method must not be overridden.
new: Create a new instance of a class with no indexed instance variables
new: numInstanceVariables: Create a new instance of a class with indexed instance variables. The instance has numInstanceVariables indexed instance variables.

1.9.6 Behavior: compilation

scopeDictionary: Answer the dictionary that is used when the receiver is before a period in Smalltalk source code.

1.9.7 Behavior: compilation (alternative)

methods: Don’t use this, it’s only present to file in from Smalltalk/V
methodsFor: Don’t use this, it’s only present to file in from Dolphin Smalltalk
methodsFor: category ifFeatures: features: Start compiling methods in the receiver if this implementation of Smalltalk has the given features, else skip the section
methodsFor: category stamp: notUsed: Don’t use this, it’s only present to file in from Squeak
privateMethods: Don’t use this, it’s only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
publicMethods: Don’t use this, it’s only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk

1.9.8 Behavior: compiling

compilerClass: Return the class that will be used to compile the parse nodes into bytecodes.

1.9.9 Behavior: compiling methods

methodsFor: aCategoryString: Calling this method prepares the parser to receive methods to be compiled and installed in the receiver’s method dictionary. The methods are put in the category identified by the parameter.
poolResolution: Answer a PoolResolution class to be used for resolving pool variables while compiling methods on this class.

1.9.10 Behavior: creating a class hierarchy

addSubclass: aClass: Add aClass asone of the receiver’s subclasses.
removeSubclass: aClass: Remove aClass from the list of the receiver’s subclasses
superclass: aClass: Set the receiver’s superclass.

1.9.11 Behavior: enumerating

allInstancesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all instances of the receiver
allSubclassesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all subclasses, both direct and indirect.
allSubinstancesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all instances of each of the receiver’s subclasses.
allSuperclassesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all superclasses, both direct and indirect.
selectSubclasses: aBlock: Return a Set of subclasses of the receiver satisfying aBlock.
selectSuperclasses: aBlock: Return a Set of superclasses of the receiver satisfying aBlock.
subclassesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for all direct subclasses.
withAllSubclassesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for the receiver and all subclasses, both direct and indirect.
withAllSuperclassesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for the receiver and all superclasses, both direct and indirect.

1.9.12 Behavior: evaluating

evalString: aString to: anObject: Answer the stack top at the end of the evaluation of the code in aString. The code is executed as part of anObject
evalString: aString to: anObject ifError: aBlock: Answer the stack top at the end of the evaluation of the code in aString. If aString cannot be parsed, evaluate aBlock (see compile:ifError:). The code is executed as part of anObject
evaluate: code: Evaluate Smalltalk expression in ’code’ and return result.
evaluate: code ifError: block: Evaluate ’code’. If a parsing error is detected, invoke ’block’
evaluate: code notifying: requestor: Evaluate Smalltalk expression in ’code’. If a parsing error is encountered, send #error: to requestor
evaluate: code to: anObject: Evaluate Smalltalk expression as part of anObject’s method definition
evaluate: code to: anObject ifError: block: Evaluate Smalltalk expression as part of anObject’s method definition. This method is used to support Inspector expression evaluation. If a parsing error is encountered, invoke error block, ’block’

1.9.13 Behavior: instance creation

newInFixedSpace: Create a new instance of a class without indexed instance variables. The instance is guaranteed not to move across garbage collections. If a subclass overrides #new, the changes will apply to this method too.
newInFixedSpace: numInstanceVariables: Create a new instance of a class with indexed instance variables. The instance has numInstanceVariables indexed instance variables. The instance is guaranteed not to move across garbage collections. If a subclass overrides #new:, the changes will apply to this method too.

1.9.14 Behavior: instance variables

addInstVarName: aString: Add the given instance variable to instance of the receiver
instanceVariableNames: instVarNames: Set the instance variables for the receiver to be those in instVarNames
removeInstVarName: aString: Remove the given instance variable from the receiver and recompile all of the receiver’s subclasses

1.9.15 Behavior: method dictionary

addSelector: selector withMethod: compiledMethod: Add the given compiledMethod to the method dictionary, giving it the passed selector. Answer compiledMethod
compile: code: Compile method source. If there are parsing errors, answer nil. Else, return a CompiledMethod result of compilation
compile: code ifError: block: Compile method source. If there are parsing errors, invoke exception block, ’block’ passing file name, line number and error. Return a CompiledMethod result of compilation
compile: code notifying: requestor: Compile method source. If there are parsing errors, send #error: to the requestor object, else return a CompiledMethod result of compilation
compileAll: Recompile all selectors in the receiver. Ignore errors.
compileAll: aNotifier: Recompile all selectors in the receiver. Notify aNotifier by sending #error: messages if something goes wrong.
compileAllSubclasses: Recompile all selector of all subclasses. Notify aNotifier by sending #error: messages if something goes wrong.
compileAllSubclasses: aNotifier: Recompile all selector of all subclasses. Notify aNotifier by sending #error: messages if something goes wrong.
createGetMethod: what: Create a method accessing the variable ‘what’.
createGetMethod: what default: value: Create a method accessing the variable ‘what’, with a default value of ‘value’, using lazy initialization
createSetMethod: what: Create a method which sets the variable ‘what’.
decompile: selector: Decompile the bytecodes for the given selector.
defineAsyncCFunc: cFuncNameString withSelectorArgs: selectorAndArgs args: argsArray: Please lookup the part on the C interface in the manual. This method is deprecated, you should use the asyncCCall:args: attribute.
defineCFunc: cFuncNameString withSelectorArgs: selectorAndArgs returning: returnTypeSymbol args: argsArray: Please lookup the part on the C interface in the manual. This method is deprecated, you should use the cCall:returning:args: attribute.
edit: selector: Open Emacs to edit the method with the passed selector, then compile it
methodDictionary: Answer the receiver’s method dictionary. Don’t modify the method dictionary unless you exactly know what you’re doing
methodDictionary: aDictionary: Set the receiver’s method dictionary to aDictionary
recompile: selector: Recompile the given selector, answer nil if something goes wrong or the new CompiledMethod if everything’s ok.
recompile: selector notifying: aNotifier: Recompile the given selector. If there are parsing errors, send #error: to the aNotifier object, else return a CompiledMethod result of compilation
removeSelector: selector: Remove the given selector from the method dictionary, answer the CompiledMethod attached to that selector
removeSelector: selector ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove the given selector from the method dictionary, answer the CompiledMethod attached to that selector. If the selector cannot be found, answer the result of evaluating aBlock.
selectorsAndMethodsDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock, passing for each evaluation a selector that’s defined in the receiver and the corresponding method.

1.9.16 Behavior: parsing class declarations

parseInstanceVariableString: variableString: As with #parseVariableString:, but answer symbols that name the variables instead of strings.
parseVariableString: aString: Answer an array of instance variable names. aString should specify these in traditional file-in ‘instanceVariableNames’ format. Signal an error if aString contains something other than valid Smalltalk variables.

1.9.17 Behavior: pluggable behavior (not yet implemented)

debuggerClass: Answer which class is to be used to debug a chain of contexts which includes the receiver. nil means ’do not debug’; other classes are sent #debuggingPriority and the one with the highest priority is picked.
decompilerClass: Answer the class that can be used to decompile methods, or nil if there is none (as is the case now).
evaluatorClass: Answer the class that can be used to evaluate doits, or nil if there is none (as is the case now).
parserClass: Answer the class that can be used to parse methods, or nil if there is none (as is the case now).

1.9.18 Behavior: printing hierarchy

hierarchyIndent: Answer the indent to be used by #printHierarchy - 4 by default
printFullHierarchy: Print my full hierarchy (i.e. all my superclasses and subclasses) on the terminal.
printHierarchy: Print my entire subclass hierarchy on the terminal.

1.9.19 Behavior: source code

formattedSourceStringAt: aSelector ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the method source code as a formatted string. Requires package Parser.

1.9.20 Behavior: still unclassified

allSharedPoolDictionariesDo: aBlock: Answer the shared pools visible from methods in the metaclass, in the correct search order.
parseNodeAt: selector: Available only when the Parser package is loaded–Answer an RBMethodNode that compiles to my method named by selector.
updateInstanceVars: variableArray shape: shape: Update instance variables and instance spec of the class and all its subclasses. variableArray lists the new variables, including inherited ones.

1.9.21 Behavior: support for lightweight classes

article: Answer an article (‘a’ or ‘an’) which is ok for the receiver’s name
asClass: Answer the first superclass that is a full-fledged Class object
environment: Answer the namespace that this class belongs to - the same as the superclass, since Behavior does not support namespaces yet.
name: Answer the class name; this prints to the name of the superclass enclosed in braces. This class name is used, for example, to print the receiver.
nameIn: aNamespace: Answer the class name when the class is referenced from aNamespace - a dummy one, since Behavior does not support names.
printOn: aStream in: aNamespace: Answer the class name when the class is referenced from aNamespace - a dummy one, since Behavior does not support names.
securityPolicy: Not commented.
securityPolicy: aSecurityPolicy: This method should not be called for instances of this class.

1.9.22 Behavior: testing functionality

isBehavior: Answer ‘true’.

1.9.23 Behavior: testing the class hierarchy

includesBehavior: aClass: Returns true if aClass is the receiver or a superclass of the receiver.
inheritsFrom: aClass: Returns true if aClass is a superclass of the receiver
kindOfSubclass: Return a string indicating the type of class the receiver is
shape: Answer the symbolic shape of my instances.
shape: shape: Give the provided shape to the receiver’s instances. The shape can be nil, or one of #byte #int8 #character #short #word #ushort #int #uint #int64 #uint64 #utf32 #float #double or #pointer. In addition, the special value #inherit means to use the shape of the superclass; note however that this is a static setting, and subclasses that used #inherit are not mutated when the superclass adopts a different shape.

1.9.24 Behavior: testing the form of the instances

instSize: Answer how many fixed instance variables are reserved to each of the receiver’s instances
isBits: Answer whether my instances’ variables are immediate, non-OOP values.
isFixed: Answer whether the receiver’s instances have no indexed instance variables
isIdentity: Answer whether x = y implies x == y for instances of the receiver
isImmediate: Answer whether, if x is an instance of the receiver, x copy == x
isPointers: Answer whether the instance variables of the receiver’s instances are objects
isVariable: Answer whether the receiver’s instances have indexed instance variables

1.9.25 Behavior: testing the method dictionary

canUnderstand: selector: Returns true if the instances of the receiver understand the given selector
hasMethods: Return whether the receiver has any methods defined
includesSelector: selector: Returns true if the local method dictionary contains the given selector
scopeHas: name ifTrue: aBlock: If methods understood by the receiver’s instances have access to a symbol named ’name’, evaluate aBlock
whichClassIncludesSelector: selector: Answer which class in the receiver’s hierarchy contains the implementation of selector used by instances of the class (nil if none does)
whichSelectorsAccess: instVarName: Answer a Set of selectors which access the given instance variable
whichSelectorsAssign: instVarName: Answer a Set of selectors which read the given instance variable
whichSelectorsRead: instVarName: Answer a Set of selectors which read the given instance variable
whichSelectorsReferTo: anObject: Returns a Set of selectors that refer to anObject
whichSelectorsReferToByteCode: aByteCode: Return the collection of selectors in the class which reference the byte code, aByteCode

1.10 BindingDictionary

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Dictionary

Category: Language-Implementation

I am a special form of dictionary that provides special ways to access my keys, which typically begin with an uppercase letter; also, my associations are actually VariableBinding instances.

My keys are (expected to be) symbols, so I use == to match searched keys to those in the dictionary – this is done expecting that it brings a bit more speed.

1.10.1 BindingDictionary: accessing

define: aSymbol: Define aSymbol as equal to nil inside the receiver. Fail if such a variable already exists (use #at:put: if you don’t want to fail)
doesNotUnderstand: aMessage: Try to map unary selectors to read accesses to the Namespace, and one-argument keyword selectors to write accesses. Note that: a) this works only if the selector has an uppercase first letter; and b) ‘aNamespace Variable: value’ is the same as ‘aNamespace set: #Variable to: value’, not the same as ‘aNamespace at: #Variable put: value’ — the latter always refers to the current namespace, while the former won’t define a new variable, instead searching in superspaces (and raising an error if the variable cannot be found).
environment: Answer the environment to which the receiver is connected. This can be the class for a dictionary that holds class variables, or the super-namespace. In general it is used to compute the receiver’s name.
environment: anObject: Set the environment to which the receiver is connected. This can be the class for a dictionary that holds class variables, or the super-namespace. In general it is used to compute the receiver’s name.
import: aSymbol from: aNamespace: Add to the receiver the symbol aSymbol, associated to the same value as in aNamespace. Fail if aNamespace does not contain the given key.
name: Answer the receiver’s name, which by default is the same as the name of the receiver’s environment.
nameIn: aNamespace: Answer the receiver’s name when referred to from aNamespace; by default the computation is deferred to the receiver’s environment.

1.10.2 BindingDictionary: basic & copying

= arg: Answer whether the receiver is equal to arg. The equality test is by default the same as that for equal objects. = must not fail; answer false if the receiver cannot be compared to arg
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver. This is the same as the object’s #identityHash.

1.10.3 BindingDictionary: copying

copy: Answer the receiver.
copyEmpty: newSize: Answer an empty copy of the receiver whose size is newSize
copyEmptyForCollect: Answer an empty copy of the receiver which is filled in to compute the result of #collect:
copyEmptyForCollect: size: Answer an empty copy of the receiver which is filled in to compute the result of #collect:
deepCopy: Answer the receiver.
shallowCopy: Answer the receiver.

1.10.4 BindingDictionary: forward declarations

at: key put: value: Store value as associated to the given key. If any, recycle Associations temporarily stored by the compiler inside the ‘Undeclared’ dictionary.

1.10.5 BindingDictionary: printing

printOn: aStream in: aNamespace: Print the receiver’s name when referred to from aNamespace; by default the computation is deferred to the receiver’s environment.

1.10.6 BindingDictionary: testing

species: Answer ‘IdentityDictionary’.

1.11 BlockClosure

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: I am a factotum class. My instances represent Smalltalk blocks, portions of executeable code that have access to the environment that they were declared in, take parameters, and can be passed around as objects to be executed by methods outside the current class. Block closures are sent a message to compute their value and create a new execution context; this property can be used in the construction of control flow methods. They also provide some methods that are used in the creation of Processes from blocks.

1.11.1 BlockClosure class: instance creation

block: aCompiledBlock: Answer a BlockClosure that activates the passed CompiledBlock.
block: aCompiledBlock receiver: anObject: Answer a BlockClosure that activates the passed CompiledBlock with the given receiver.
block: aCompiledBlock receiver: anObject outerContext: aContext: Answer a BlockClosure that activates the passed CompiledBlock with the given receiver.
numArgs: args numTemps: temps bytecodes: bytecodes depth: depth literals: literalArray: Answer a BlockClosure for a new CompiledBlock that is created using the passed parameters. To make it work, you must put the BlockClosure into a CompiledMethod’s literals.

1.11.2 BlockClosure class: testing

isImmediate: Answer whether, if x is an instance of the receiver, x copy == x

1.11.3 BlockClosure: accessing

argumentCount: Answer the number of arguments passed to the receiver
block: Answer the CompiledBlock which contains the receiver’s bytecodes
block: aCompiledBlock: Set the CompiledBlock which contains the receiver’s bytecodes
finalIP: Answer the last instruction that can be executed by the receiver
fixTemps: This should fix the values of the temporary variables used in the block that are ordinarily shared with the method in which the block is defined. Not defined yet, but it is not harmful that it isn’t. Answer the receiver.
initialIP: Answer the initial instruction pointer into the receiver.
method: Answer the CompiledMethod in which the receiver lies
numArgs: Answer the number of arguments passed to the receiver
numTemps: Answer the number of temporary variables used by the receiver
outerContext: Answer the method/block context which is the immediate outer of the receiver
outerContext: containingContext: Set the method/block context which is the immediate outer of the receiver
receiver: Answer the object that is used as ‘self’ when executing the receiver (if nil, it might mean that the receiver is not valid though...)
receiver: anObject: Set the object that is used as ‘self’ when executing the receiver
stackDepth: Answer the number of stack slots needed for the receiver

1.11.4 BlockClosure: built ins

cull: arg1: Evaluate the receiver, passing arg1 as the only parameter if the receiver has parameters.
cull: arg1 cull: arg2: Evaluate the receiver, passing arg1 and arg2 as parameters if the receiver accepts them.
cull: arg1 cull: arg2 cull: arg3: Evaluate the receiver, passing arg1, arg2 and arg3 as parameters if the receiver accepts them.
value: Evaluate the receiver passing no parameters
value: arg1: Evaluate the receiver passing arg1 as the only parameter
value: arg1 value: arg2: Evaluate the receiver passing arg1 and arg2 as the parameters
value: arg1 value: arg2 value: arg3: Evaluate the receiver passing arg1, arg2 and arg3 as the parameters
valueWithArguments: argumentsArray: Evaluate the receiver passing argArray’s elements as the parameters

1.11.5 BlockClosure: control structures

repeat: Evaluate the receiver ’forever’ (actually until a return is executed or the process is terminated).
whileFalse: Evaluate the receiver until it returns true
whileFalse: aBlock: Evaluate the receiver. If it returns false, evaluate aBlock and restart
whileTrue: Evaluate the receiver until it returns false
whileTrue: aBlock: Evaluate the receiver. If it returns true, evaluate aBlock and restart

1.11.6 BlockClosure: exception handling

ifError: aBlock: Evaluate the receiver; when #error: is called, pass to aBlock the receiver and the parameter, and answer the result of evaluating aBlock. If another exception is raised, it is passed to an outer handler; if no exception is raised, the result of evaluating the receiver is returned.
on: anException do: aBlock: Evaluate the receiver; when anException is signaled, evaluate aBlock passing a Signal describing the exception. Answer either the result of evaluating the receiver or the parameter of a Signal>>#return:
on: e1 do: b1 on: e2 do: b2: Evaluate the receiver; when e1 or e2 are signaled, evaluate respectively b1 or b2, passing a Signal describing the exception. Answer either the result of evaluating the receiver or the argument of a Signal>>#return:
on: e1 do: b1 on: e2 do: b2 on: e3 do: b3: Evaluate the receiver; when e1, e2 or e3 are signaled, evaluate respectively b1, b2 or b3, passing a Signal describing the exception. Answer either the result of evaluating the receiver or the parameter of a Signal>>#return:
on: e1 do: b1 on: e2 do: b2 on: e3 do: b3 on: e4 do: b4: Evaluate the receiver; when e1, e2, e3 or e4 are signaled, evaluate respectively b1, b2, b3 or b4, passing a Signal describing the exception. Answer either the result of evaluating the receiver or the parameter of a Signal>>#return:
on: e1 do: b1 on: e2 do: b2 on: e3 do: b3 on: e4 do: b4 on: e5 do: b5: Evaluate the receiver; when e1, e2, e3, e4 or e5 are signaled, evaluate respectively b1, b2, b3, b4 or b5, passing a Signal describing the exception. Answer either the result of evaluating the receiver or the parameter of a Signal>>#return:

1.11.7 BlockClosure: multiple process

fork: Create a new process executing the receiver and start it
forkAt: priority: Create a new process executing the receiver with given priority and start it
forkWithoutPreemption: Evaluate the receiver in a process that cannot be preempted. If the receiver expect a parameter, pass the current process.
newProcess: Create a new process executing the receiver in suspended state. The priority is the same as for the calling process. The receiver must not contain returns
newProcessWith: anArray: Create a new process executing the receiver with the passed arguments, and leave it in suspended state. The priority is the same as for the calling process. The receiver must not contain returns
valueWithoutInterrupts: Evaluate aBlock and delay all interrupts that are requested to the active process during its execution to after aBlock returns.
valueWithoutPreemption: Evaluate the receiver with external interrupts disabled. This effectively disables preemption as long as the block does not explicitly yield control, wait on semaphores, and the like.

1.11.8 BlockClosure: overriding

copy: Answer the receiver.
deepCopy: Answer a shallow copy.

1.11.9 BlockClosure: testing

hasMethodReturn: Answer whether the block contains a method return

1.11.10 BlockClosure: unwind protection

ensure: aBlock

Evaluate the receiver; when any exception is signaled exit returning the result of evaluating aBlock; if no exception is raised, return the result of evaluating aBlock when the receiver has ended

ifCurtailed: aBlock

Evaluate the receiver; if its execution triggers an unwind which truncates the execution of the block (‘curtails’ the block), evaluate aBlock. The three cases which can curtail the execution of the receiver are: a non-local return in the receiver, a non-local return in a block evaluated by the receiver which returns past the receiver itself, and an exception raised and not resumed during the execution of the receiver.

valueWithUnwind

Evaluate the receiver. Any errors caused by the block will cause a backtrace, but execution will continue in the method that sent #valueWithUnwind, after that call. Example: [ 1 / 0 ] valueWithUnwind. ’unwind works!’ printNl.

Important: this method is public, but it is intended to be used in very special cases (as a rule of thumb, use it only when the corresponding C code uses the _gst_prepare_execution_environment and _gst_finish_execution_environment functions). You should usually rely on #ensure: and #on:do:.

1.12 BlockContext

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ContextPart
Category: Language-Implementation: My instances represent executing Smalltalk blocks, which are portions of executeable code that have access to the environment that they were declared in, take parameters, and result from BlockClosure objects created to be executed by methods outside the current class. Block contexts are created by messages sent to compute a closure’s value. They contain a stack and also provide some methods that can be used in inspection or debugging.

1.12.1 BlockContext: accessing

caller: Answer the context that called the receiver
home: Answer the MethodContext to which the receiver refers, or nil if it has been optimized away
isBlock: Answer whether the receiver is a block context
isDisabled: Answers false, because contexts that are skipped when doing a return are always MethodContexts. BlockContexts are removed from the chain whenever a non-local return is done, while MethodContexts need to stay there in case there is a non-local return from the #ensure: block.
isEnvironment: To create a valid execution environment for the interpreter even before it starts, GST creates a fake context whose selector is nil and which can be used as a marker for the current execution environment. Answer whether the receiver is that kind of context (always false, since those contexts are always MethodContexts).
isUnwind: Answers whether the context must continue execution even after a non-local return (a return from the enclosing method of a block, or a call to the #continue: method of ContextPart). Such contexts are created only by #ensure: and are always MethodContexts.
nthOuterContext: n: Answer the n-th outer block/method context for the receiver
outerContext: Answer the outer block/method context for the receiver

1.12.2 BlockContext: debugging

isInternalExceptionHandlingContext: Answer whether the receiver is a context that should be hidden to the user when presenting a backtrace. Such contexts are never blocks, but check the rest of the chain.

1.12.3 BlockContext: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation for the receiver on aStream

1.13 Boolean

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Data types: I have two instances in the Smalltalk system: true and false. I provide methods that are conditional on boolean values, such as conditional execution and loops, and conditional testing, such as conditional and and conditional or. I should say that I appear to provide those operations; my subclasses True and False actually provide those operations.

1.13.1 Boolean class: testing

isIdentity: Answer whether x = y implies x == y for instances of the receiver
isImmediate: Answer whether, if x is an instance of the receiver, x copy == x

1.13.2 Boolean: basic

& aBoolean: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
and: aBlock: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
eqv: aBoolean: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
ifFalse: falseBlock: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
ifFalse: falseBlock ifTrue: trueBlock: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
ifTrue: trueBlock: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
ifTrue: trueBlock ifFalse: falseBlock: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
not: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
or: aBlock: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
xor: aBoolean: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean
| aBoolean: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean

1.13.3 Boolean: C hacks

asCBooleanValue: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of Boolean

1.13.4 Boolean: overriding

deepCopy: Answer the receiver.
shallowCopy: Answer the receiver.

1.13.5 Boolean: storing

isLiteralObject: Answer whether the receiver is expressible as a Smalltalk literal.
storeLiteralOn: aStream: Store on aStream some Smalltalk code which compiles to the receiver
storeOn: aStream: Store on aStream some Smalltalk code which compiles to the receiver

1.14 ByteArray

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: My instances are similar to strings in that they are both represented as a sequence of bytes, but my individual elements are integers, where as a String’s elements are characters.

1.14.1 ByteArray class: instance creation

fromCData: aCObject size: anInteger: Answer a ByteArray containing anInteger bytes starting at the location pointed to by aCObject

1.14.2 ByteArray: basic

= aCollection: Answer whether the receiver’s items match those in aCollection
indexOf: anElement startingAt: anIndex: Answer the first index > anIndex which contains anElement. Invoke exceptionBlock and answer its result if no item is found
indexOf: anElement startingAt: anIndex ifAbsent: exceptionBlock: Answer the first index > anIndex which contains anElement. Invoke exceptionBlock and answer its result if no item is found

1.14.3 ByteArray: built ins

asCData: aCType: Allocate memory with malloc for a copy of the receiver, and return it converted to a CObject with the given type
at: anIndex ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the index-th indexed instance variable of the receiver
byteAt: index: Answer the index-th indexed instance variable of the receiver
byteAt: index put: value: Store the ‘value’ byte in the index-th indexed instance variable of the receiver
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver
replaceFrom: start to: stop with: aByteArray startingAt: replaceStart: Replace the characters from start to stop with the bytes contained in aByteArray (which, actually, can be any variable byte class), starting at the replaceStart location of aByteArray
replaceFrom: start to: stop withString: aString startingAt: replaceStart: Replace the characters from start to stop with the ASCII codes contained in aString (which, actually, can be any variable byte class), starting at the replaceStart location of aString

1.14.4 ByteArray: CObject

asCData: Allocate memory with malloc for a copy of the receiver, and return a pointer to it as a CByte.
castTo: type: Give access to the receiver as a value with the given CType.

1.14.5 ByteArray: converting

asString: Answer a String whose character’s ASCII codes are the receiver’s contents
asUnicodeString: Answer a UnicodeString whose character’s codes are the receiver’s contents. This is not implemented unless you load the I18N package.

1.14.6 ByteArray: more advanced accessing

charAt: index: Access the C char at the given index in the receiver. The value is returned as a Smalltalk Character. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
charAt: index put: value: Store as a C char the Smalltalk Character or Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(char) bytes - i.e. 1 byte. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
doubleAt: index: Access the C double at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
doubleAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Float object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, writing it like a C double. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
floatAt: index: Access the C float at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
floatAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Float object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, writing it like a C float. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
intAt: index: Access the C int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
intAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(int) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
longAt: index: Access the C long int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
longAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(long) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
longDoubleAt: index: Access the C long double at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
longDoubleAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Float object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, writing it like a C double. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
objectAt: index: Access the Smalltalk object (OOP) at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
objectAt: index put: value: Store a pointer (OOP) to the Smalltalk object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
shortAt: index: Access the C short int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
shortAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(short) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
stringAt: index: Access the string pointed by the C ‘char *’ at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
stringAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk String object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, writing it like a *FRESHLY ALLOCATED* C string. It is the caller’s responsibility to free it if necessary. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
ucharAt: index: Access the C unsigned char at the given index in the receiver. The value is returned as a Smalltalk Character. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
ucharAt: index put: value: Store as a C char the Smalltalk Character or Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(char) bytes - i.e. 1 byte. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
uintAt: index: Access the C unsigned int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
uintAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(int) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
ulongAt: index: Access the C unsigned long int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
ulongAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(long) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedCharAt: index: Access the C unsigned char at the given index in the receiver. The value is returned as a Smalltalk Character. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedCharAt: index put: value: Store as a C char the Smalltalk Character or Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(char) bytes - i.e. 1 byte. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedIntAt: index: Access the C unsigned int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedIntAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(int) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedLongAt: index: Access the C unsigned long int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedLongAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(long) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedShortAt: index: Access the C unsigned short int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
unsignedShortAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(short) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
ushortAt: index: Access the C unsigned short int at the given index in the receiver. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.
ushortAt: index put: value: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given index in the receiver, using sizeof(short) bytes. Indices are 1-based just like for other Smalltalk access.

1.14.7 ByteArray: storing

isLiteralObject: Answer whether the receiver is expressible as a Smalltalk literal.
storeLiteralOn: aStream: Put a Smalltalk literal evaluating to the receiver on aStream.
storeOn: aStream: Put Smalltalk code evaluating to the receiver on aStream.

1.15 CAggregate

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CObject
Category: Language-C interface

1.15.1 CAggregate class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.15.2 CAggregate: accessing

elementType: Answer the type over which the receiver is constructed.

1.16 CallinProcess

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Process
Category: Language-Processes: I represent a unit of computation for which external C code requested execution, so I must store the returned value once my computation terminates and I must not survive across image saves (since those who invoked me no longer exist). I am otherwise equivalent to a Process.

1.16.1 CallinProcess: debugging

detach: Continue running the receiver as a normal Process, and return nil from the callin.

1.17 CArray

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CAggregate
Category: Language-C interface

1.17.1 CArray: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.18 CArrayCType

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CPtrCType
Category: Language-C interface

1.18.1 CArrayCType class: instance creation

elementType: aCType: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
elementType: aCType numberOfElements: anInteger: Answer a new instance of CPtrCType that maps an array whose elements are of the given CType, and whose size is exactly anInteger elements (of course, anInteger only matters for allocation, not for access, since no out-of-bounds protection is provided for C objects).
from: type: Private - Called by CType>>from: for arrays

1.18.2 CArrayCType: accessing

alignof: Answer the alignment of the receiver’s instances
numberOfElements: Answer the number of elements in the receiver’s instances
sizeof: Answer the size of the receiver’s instances

1.18.3 CArrayCType: basic

= anObject: Return whether the receiver and anObject are equal.
hash: Return a hash code for the receiver.

1.18.4 CArrayCType: storing

storeOn: aStream: As with super.

1.19 CBoolean

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CByte
Category: Language-C interface: I return true if a byte is not zero, false otherwise.

1.19.1 CBoolean class: conversion

type: Answer a CType for the receiver

1.19.2 CBoolean: accessing

value: Get the receiver’s value - answer true if it is != 0, false if it is 0.
value: aBoolean: Set the receiver’s value - it’s the same as for CBytes, but we get a Boolean, not a Character

1.20 CByte

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CUChar
Category: Language-C interface: You know what a byte is, don’t you?!?

1.20.1 CByte class: conversion

cObjStoredType: Nothing special in the default case - answer a CType for the receiver
type: Answer a CType for the receiver

1.20.2 CByte: accessing

cObjStoredType: Nothing special in the default case - answer the receiver’s CType
value: Answer the value the receiver is pointing to. The returned value is a SmallInteger
value: aValue: Set the receiver to point to the value, aValue (a SmallInteger).

1.21 CCallable

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CObject
Category: Language-C interface: I am not part of the Smalltalk definition. My instances contain information about C functions that can be called from within Smalltalk, such as number and type of parameters. This information is used by the C callout mechanism to perform the actual call-out to C routines.

1.21.1 CCallable class: instance creation

for: aCObject returning: returnTypeSymbol withArgs: argsArray: Answer a CFunctionDescriptor with the given address, return type and arguments. The address will be reset to NULL upon image save (and it’s the user’s task to figure out a way to reinitialize it!)

1.21.2 CCallable: accessing

isValid: Answer whether the object represents a valid function.
returnType: Not commented.

1.21.3 CCallable: calling

asyncCall: Perform the call-out for the function represented by the receiver. The arguments (and the receiver if one of the arguments has type #self or #selfSmalltalk) are taken from the parent context. Asynchronous call-outs don’t return a value, but if the function calls back into Smalltalk the process that started the call-out is not suspended.
asyncCallNoRetryFrom: aContext: Perform the call-out for the function represented by the receiver. The arguments (and the receiver if one of the arguments has type #self or #selfSmalltalk) are taken from the base of the stack of aContext. Asynchronous call-outs don’t return a value, but if the function calls back into Smalltalk the process that started the call-out is not suspended. Unlike #asyncCallFrom:, this method does not attempt to find functions in shared objects.
callInto: aValueHolder: Perform the call-out for the function represented by the receiver. The arguments (and the receiver if one of the arguments has type #self or #selfSmalltalk) are taken from the parent context, and the the result is stored into aValueHolder. aValueHolder is also returned.
callNoRetryFrom: aContext into: aValueHolder: Perform the call-out for the function represented by the receiver. The arguments (and the receiver if one of the arguments has type #self or #selfSmalltalk) are taken from the base of the stack of aContext, and the result is stored into aValueHolder. aValueHolder is also returned. Unlike #callFrom:into:, this method does not attempt to find functions in shared objects.

1.21.4 CCallable: restoring

link: Rebuild the object after the image is restarted.

1.22 CCallbackDescriptor

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CCallable
Category: Language-C interface: I am not part of the Smalltalk definition. My instances are able to convert blocks into C functions that can be passed to C.

1.22.1 CCallbackDescriptor class: instance creation

for: aBlock returning: returnTypeSymbol withArgs: argsArray: Answer a CCallbackDescriptor with the given block, return type and arguments.

1.22.2 CCallbackDescriptor: accessing

block: Answer the block of the function represented by the receiver.
block: aBlock: Set the block of the function represented by the receiver.

1.22.3 CCallbackDescriptor: restoring

link: Make the address of the function point to the registered address.

1.23 CChar

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.23.1 CChar class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.23.2 CChar: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.23.3 CChar: conversion

asByteArray: size: Convert size bytes pointed to by the receiver to a String
asString: Convert the data pointed to by the receiver, up to the first NULL byte, to a String
asString: size: Convert size bytes pointed to by the receiver to a String

1.24 CCompound

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CObject
Category: Language-C interface

1.24.1 CCompound class: instance creation

gcNew: Allocate a new instance of the receiver, backed by garbage-collected storage.
new: Allocate a new instance of the receiver. To free the memory after GC, remember to call #addToBeFinalized.

1.24.2 CCompound class: subclass creation

alignof: Answer 1, the alignment of an empty struct
classPragmas: Return the pragmas that are written in the file-out of this class.
compileSize: size align: alignment: Private - Compile sizeof and alignof methods
declaration: Return the description of the fields in the receiver class.
declaration: array: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of CCompound
declaration: array inject: startOffset into: aBlock: Compile methods that implement the declaration in array. To compute the offset after each field, the value of the old offset plus the new field’s size is passed to aBlock, together with the new field’s alignment requirements.
emitFieldNameTo: str for: name: Private - Emit onto the given stream the code for adding the given selector to the CCompound’s #examineOn: method.
newStruct: structName declaration: array: The old way to create a CStruct. Superseded by #subclass:declaration:...
sizeof: Answer 0, the size of an empty struct
subclass: structName declaration: array classVariableNames: cvn poolDictionaries: pd category: category: Create a new class with the given name that contains code to implement the given C struct. All the parameters except ‘array’ are the same as for a standard class creation message; see documentation for more information

1.24.3 CCompound: debugging

examineOn: aStream: Print the contents of the receiver’s fields on aStream
fieldSelectorList: Answer a list of selectors whose return values should be printed by #examineOn:.

1.25 CDouble

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.25.1 CDouble class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.25.2 CDouble: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.26 CFloat

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.26.1 CFloat class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.26.2 CFloat: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.27 CFunctionDescriptor

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CCallable
Category: Language-C interface: I am not part of the Smalltalk definition. My instances contain information about C functions that can be called from within Smalltalk, such as number and type of parameters. This information is used by the C callout mechanism to perform the actual call-out to C routines.

1.27.1 CFunctionDescriptor class: instance creation

for: funcName returning: returnTypeSymbol withArgs: argsArray: Answer a CFunctionDescriptor with the given function name, return type and arguments. funcName must be a String.

1.27.2 CFunctionDescriptor class: testing

addressOf: function: Answer whether a function is registered (on the C side) with the given name or is dynamically loadable.
isFunction: function: Answer whether a function is registered (on the C side) with the given name.

1.27.3 CFunctionDescriptor: accessing

name: Answer the name of the function (on the C side) represented by the receiver
name: aString: Set the name of the function (on the C side) represented by the receiver

1.27.4 CFunctionDescriptor: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver onto aStream

1.27.5 CFunctionDescriptor: restoring

link: Make the address of the function point to the registered address.

1.28 Character

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Magnitude

Category: Language-Data types

My instances represent the 256 characters of the character set. I provide messages to translate between integers and character objects, and provide names for some of the common unprintable characters.

Character is always used (mostly for performance reasons) when referring to characters whose code point is between 0 and 127. Above 127, instead, more care is needed: Character refers to bytes that are used as part of encoding of a character, while UnicodeCharacter refers to the character itself.

1.28.1 Character class: built ins

asciiValue: anInteger: Returns the character object corresponding to anInteger. Error if anInteger is not an integer, or not in 0..127.
codePoint: anInteger: Returns the character object, possibly an UnicodeCharacter, corresponding to anInteger. Error if anInteger is not an integer, or not in 0..16r10FFFF.
value: anInteger: Returns the character object corresponding to anInteger. Error if anInteger is not an integer, or not in 0..255.

1.28.2 Character class: constants

backspace: Returns the character ’backspace’
bell: Returns the character ’bel’
cr: Returns the character ’cr’
eof: Returns the character ’eof’, also known as ’sub’
eot: Returns the character ’eot’, also known as ’Ctrl-D’
esc: Returns the character ’esc’
ff: Returns the character ’ff’, also known as ’newPage’
lf: Returns the character ’lf’, also known as ’nl’
newPage: Returns the character ’newPage’, also known as ’ff’
nl: Returns the character ’nl’, also known as ’lf’
nul: Returns the character ’nul’
space: Returns the character ’space’
tab: Returns the character ’tab’

1.28.3 Character class: initializing lookup tables

initialize: Initialize the lookup table which is used to make case and digit-to-char conversions faster. Indices in Table are ASCII values incremented by one. Indices 1-256 classify chars (0 = nothing special, 2 = separator, 48 = digit, 55 = uppercase, 3 = lowercase), indices 257-512 map to lowercase chars, indices 513-768 map to uppercase chars.

1.28.4 Character class: instance creation

digitValue: anInteger: Returns a character that corresponds to anInteger. 0-9 map to $0-$9, 10-35 map to $A-$Z

1.28.5 Character class: testing

isImmediate: Answer whether, if x is an instance of the receiver, x copy == x

1.28.6 Character: built ins

= char: Boolean return value; true if the characters are equal
asInteger: Returns the integer value corresponding to self. #codePoint, #asciiValue, #value, and #asInteger are synonyms.
asciiValue: Returns the integer value corresponding to self. #codePoint, #asciiValue, #value, and #asInteger are synonyms.
codePoint: Returns the integer value corresponding to self. #codePoint, #asciiValue, #value, and #asInteger are synonyms.
value: Returns the integer value corresponding to self. #codePoint, #asciiValue, #value, and #asInteger are synonyms.

1.28.7 Character: coercion methods

* aNumber: Returns a String with aNumber occurrences of the receiver.
asLowercase: Returns self as a lowercase character if it’s an uppercase letter, otherwise returns the character unchanged.
asString: Returns the character self as a string. Only valid if the character is between 0 and 255.
asSymbol: Returns the character self as a symbol.
asUnicodeString: Returns the character self as a Unicode string.
asUppercase: Returns self as a uppercase character if it’s an lowercase letter, otherwise returns the character unchanged.

1.28.8 Character: comparing

< aCharacter: Compare the character’s ASCII value. Answer whether the receiver’s is the least.
<= aCharacter: Compare the character’s ASCII value. Answer whether the receiver’s is the least or their equal.
> aCharacter: Compare the character’s ASCII value. Answer whether the receiver’s is the greatest.
>= aCharacter: Compare the character’s ASCII value. Answer whether the receiver’s is the greatest or their equal.

1.28.9 Character: converting

asCharacter: Return the receiver, since it is already a character.
digitValue: Returns the value of self interpreted as a digit. Here, ’digit’ means either 0-9, or A-Z, which maps to 10-35.

1.28.10 Character: printing

displayOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream. Unlike #printOn:, this method strips the leading dollar.
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream
storeLiteralOn: aStream: Store on aStream some Smalltalk code which compiles to the receiver

1.28.11 Character: storing

isLiteralObject: Answer whether the receiver is expressible as a Smalltalk literal.
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.28.12 Character: testing

isAlphaNumeric: True if self is a letter or a digit
isDigit: True if self is a 0-9 digit
isDigit: radix: Answer whether the receiver is a valid character in the given radix.
isLetter: True if self is an upper- or lowercase letter
isLowercase: True if self is a lowercase letter
isPathSeparator: Returns true if self is a path separator ($/ or $\ under Windows, $/ only under Unix systems including Mac OS X).
isPunctuation: Returns true if self is one of ’.,:;!?’
isSeparator: Returns true if self is a space, cr, tab, nl, or newPage
isUppercase: True if self is uppercase
isVowel: Returns true if self is a, e, i, o, or u; case insensitive

1.28.13 Character: testing functionality

isCharacter: Answer True. We’re definitely characters

1.29 CharacterArray

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Text: My instances represent a generic textual (string) data type. I provide accessing and manipulation methods for strings.

1.29.1 CharacterArray class: basic

fromString: aCharacterArray: Make up an instance of the receiver containing the same characters as aCharacterArray, and answer it.
lineDelimiter: Answer a CharacterArray which one can use as a line delimiter. This is meant to be used on subclasses of CharacterArray.

1.29.2 CharacterArray class: multibyte encodings

isUnicode: Answer whether the receiver stores bytes (i.e. an encoded form) or characters (if true is returned).

1.29.3 CharacterArray: basic

valueAt: anIndex ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the ascii value of the anIndex-th character of the receiver, or evaluate aBlock and answer the result if the index is out of range.

1.29.4 CharacterArray: built ins

valueAt: index: Answer the ascii value of index-th character variable of the receiver
valueAt: index put: value: Store (Character value: value) in the index-th indexed instance variable of the receiver

1.29.5 CharacterArray: comparing

< aCharacterArray: Return true if the receiver is less than aCharacterArray, ignoring case differences.
<= aCharacterArray: Returns true if the receiver is less than or equal to aCharacterArray, ignoring case differences. If is receiver is an initial substring of aCharacterArray, it is considered to be less than aCharacterArray.
= aString: Answer whether the receiver’s items match those in aCollection
> aCharacterArray: Return true if the receiver is greater than aCharacterArray, ignoring case differences.
>= aCharacterArray: Returns true if the receiver is greater than or equal to aCharacterArray, ignoring case differences. If is aCharacterArray is an initial substring of the receiver, it is considered to be less than the receiver.
indexOf: aCharacterArray matchCase: aBoolean startingAt: anIndex: Answer an Interval of indices in the receiver which match the aCharacterArray pattern. # in aCharacterArray means ’match any character’, * in aCharacterArray means ’match any sequence of characters’. The first item of the returned interval is >= anIndex. If aBoolean is false, the search is case-insensitive, else it is case-sensitive. If no Interval matches the pattern, answer nil.
match: aCharacterArray: Answer whether aCharacterArray matches the pattern contained in the receiver. # in the receiver means ’match any character’, * in receiver means ’match any sequence of characters’.
match: aCharacterArray ignoreCase: aBoolean: Answer whether aCharacterArray matches the pattern contained in the receiver. # in the receiver means ’match any character’, * in receiver means ’match any sequence of characters’. The case of alphabetic characters is ignored if aBoolean is true.
sameAs: aCharacterArray: Returns true if the receiver is the same CharacterArray as aCharacterArray, ignoring case differences.

1.29.6 CharacterArray: converting

asByteArray: Return the receiver, converted to a ByteArray of ASCII values
asClassPoolKey: Return the receiver, ready to be put in a class pool dictionary
asGlobalKey: Return the receiver, ready to be put in the Smalltalk dictionary
asInteger: Parse an Integer number from the receiver until the input character is invalid and answer the result at this point
asLowercase: Returns a copy of self as a lowercase CharacterArray
asNumber: Parse a Number from the receiver until the input character is invalid and answer the result at this point
asPoolKey: Return the receiver, ready to be put in a pool dictionary
asString: But I already am a String! Really!
asSymbol: Returns the symbol corresponding to the CharacterArray
asUnicodeString: Answer a UnicodeString whose character’s codes are the receiver’s contents This is not implemented unless you load the I18N package.
asUppercase: Returns a copy of self as an uppercase CharacterArray
fileName: But I don’t HAVE a file name!
filePos: But I don’t HAVE a file position!
isNumeric: Answer whether the receiver denotes a number
trimSeparators: Return a copy of the reciever without any spaces on front or back. The implementation is protected against the ‘all blanks’ case.

1.29.7 CharacterArray: multibyte encodings

encoding: Answer the encoding used by the receiver.
isUnicode: Answer whether the receiver stores bytes (i.e. an encoded form) or characters (if true is returned).
numberOfCharacters: Answer the number of Unicode characters in the receiver. This is not implemented unless you load the I18N package.

1.29.8 CharacterArray: still unclassified

withUnixShellEscapes: Answer the receiver with special shell characters converted to a backslash sequence.
withWindowsShellEscapes: Answer the receiver with Windows shell characters escaped properly.

1.29.9 CharacterArray: string processing

% aCollection: Answer the receiver with special escape sequences replaced by elements of aCollection. %n (1<=n<=9, A<=n<=Z) are replaced by the n-th element of aCollection (A being the 10-th element and so on until the 35th). %(string) sequences are accessed as strings, which makes sense only if aCollection is a Dictionary or LookupTable. In addition, the special pattern %<trueString|falseString>n or %<trueString|falseString>(string) is replaced with one of the two strings depending on the element of aCollection being true or false. The replaced elements are ‘displayed’ (i.e. their displayString is used).
bindWith: s1: Answer the receiver with every %1 replaced by the displayString of s1
bindWith: s1 with: s2: Answer the receiver with every %1 or %2 replaced by s1 or s2, respectively. s1 and s2 are ‘displayed’ (i.e. their displayString is used) upon replacement.
bindWith: s1 with: s2 with: s3: Answer the receiver with every %1, %2 or %3 replaced by s1, s2 or s3, respectively. s1, s2 and s3 are ‘displayed’ (i.e. their displayString is used) upon replacement.
bindWith: s1 with: s2 with: s3 with: s4: Answer the receiver with every %1, %2, %3 or %4 replaced by s1, s2, s3 or s4, respectively. s1, s2, s3 and s4 are ‘displayed’ (i.e. their displayString is used) upon replacement.
bindWithArguments: aCollection: Answer the receiver with special escape sequences replaced by elements of aCollection. %n (1<=n<=9, A<=n<=Z) are replaced by the n-th element of aCollection (A being the 10-th element and so on until the 35th). %(string) sequences are accessed as strings, which makes sense only if aCollection is a Dictionary or LookupTable. In addition, the special pattern %<trueString|falseString>n or %<trueString|falseString>(string) is replaced with one of the two strings depending on the element of aCollection being true or false. The replaced elements are ‘displayed’ (i.e. their displayString is used).
contractTo: smallSize: Either return myself, or a copy shortened to smallSize characters by inserting an ellipsis (three dots: ...)
lines: Answer an Array of Strings each representing one line in the receiver.
linesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for every newline delimited line in the receiver, passing the line to the block.
subStrings: Answer an OrderedCollection of substrings of the receiver. A new substring start at the start of the receiver, or after every sequence of white space characters
subStrings: sep: Answer an OrderedCollection of substrings of the receiver. A new substring start at the start of the receiver, or after every occurrence of one of the characters in sep
substrings: Answer an OrderedCollection of substrings of the receiver. A new substring start at the start of the receiver, or after every sequence of white space characters. This message is preserved for backwards compatibility; the ANSI standard mandates ‘subStrings’, with an uppercase s.
substrings: sep: Answer an OrderedCollection of substrings of the receiver. A new substring start at the start of the receiver, or after every occurrence of one of the characters in sep. This message is preserved for backwards compatibility; the ANSI standard mandates ‘subStrings:’, with an uppercase s.
withShellEscapes: Answer the receiver with special shell characters converted to a backslash sequence.

1.29.10 CharacterArray: testing functionality

isCharacterArray: Answer ‘true’.

1.30 CInt

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.30.1 CInt class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.30.2 CInt: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.31 Class

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ClassDescription
Category: Language-Implementation: I am THE class object. My instances are the classes of the system. I provide information commonly attributed to classes: namely, the class name, class comment (you wouldn’t be reading this if it weren’t for me), a list of the instance variables of the class, and the class category.

• Class class-initialize:		(class)
• Class-accessing instances and variables:		(instance)
• Class-filing:		(instance)
• Class-instance creation:		(instance)
• Class-instance creation - alternative:		(instance)
• Class-pragmas:		(instance)
• Class-printing:		(instance)
• Class-saving and loading:		(instance)
• Class-security:		(instance)
• Class-still unclassified:		(instance)
• Class-testing:		(instance)
• Class-testing functionality:		(instance)

1.31.1 Class class: initialize

initialize: Perform the special initialization of root classes.

1.31.2 Class: accessing instances and variables

addClassVarName: aString: Add a class variable with the given name to the class pool dictionary.
addClassVarName: aString value: valueBlock: Add a class variable with the given name to the class pool dictionary, and evaluate valueBlock as its initializer.
addSharedPool: aDictionary: Add the given shared pool to the list of the class’ pool dictionaries
allClassVarNames: Answer the names of the variables in the receiver’s class pool dictionary and in each of the superclasses’ class pool dictionaries
bindingFor: aString: Answer the variable binding for the class variable with the given name
category: Answer the class category
category: aString: Change the class category to aString
classPool: Answer the class pool dictionary
classPragmas: Return the pragmas that are written in the file-out of this class.
classVarNames: Answer the names of the variables in the class pool dictionary
comment: Answer the class comment
comment: aString: Change the class name
environment: Answer ‘environment’.
environment: aNamespace: Set the receiver’s environment to aNamespace and recompile everything
initialize: redefined in children (?)
initializeAsRootClass: Perform special initialization reserved to root classes.
name: Answer the class name
removeClassVarName: aString: Removes the class variable from the class, error if not present, or still in use.
removeSharedPool: aDictionary: Remove the given dictionary to the list of the class’ pool dictionaries
sharedPools: Return the names of the shared pools defined by the class
superclass: aClass: Set the receiver’s superclass.

1.31.3 Class: filing

fileOutDeclarationOn: aFileStream: File out class definition to aFileStream. Requires package Parser.
fileOutOn: aFileStream: File out complete class description: class definition, class and instance methods. Requires package Parser.

1.31.4 Class: instance creation

extend: Redefine a version of the receiver in the current namespace. Note: this method can bite you in various ways when sent to system classes; read the section on namespaces in the manual for some examples of the problems you can encounter.
inheritShape: Answer whether subclasses will have by default the same shape as this class. The default is false.
subclass: classNameString: Define a subclass of the receiver with the given name. If the class is already defined, don’t modify its instance or class variables but still, if necessary, recompile everything needed.
subclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames category: categoryNameString: Define a fixed subclass of the receiver with the given name, instance variables, class variables, pool dictionaries and category. If the class is already defined, if necessary, recompile everything needed.
variable: shape subclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames category: categoryNameString: Define a variable subclass of the receiver with the given name, shape, instance variables, class variables, pool dictionaries and category. If the class is already defined, if necessary, recompile everything needed. The shape can be one of #byte #int8 #character #short #ushort #int #uint #int64 #uint64 #utf32 #float #double or #pointer.
variableByteSubclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames category: categoryNameString: Define a byte variable subclass of the receiver with the given name, instance variables (must be ”), class variables, pool dictionaries and category. If the class is already defined, if necessary, recompile everything needed.
variableSubclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames category: categoryNameString: Define a variable pointer subclass of the receiver with the given name, instance variables, class variables, pool dictionaries and category. If the class is already defined, if necessary, recompile everything needed.
variableWordSubclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames category: categoryNameString: Define a word variable subclass of the receiver with the given name, instance variables (must be ”), class variables, pool dictionaries and category. If the class is already defined, if necessary, recompile everything needed.

1.31.5 Class: instance creation - alternative

categoriesFor: method are: categories: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
subclass: classNameString classInstanceVariableNames: stringClassInstVarNames instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
subclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
variableByteSubclass: classNameString classInstanceVariableNames: stringClassInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
variableByteSubclass: classNameString classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
variableLongSubclass: classNameString classInstanceVariableNames: stringClassInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
variableLongSubclass: classNameString classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
variableSubclass: classNameString classInstanceVariableNames: stringClassInstVarNames instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk
variableSubclass: classNameString instanceVariableNames: stringInstVarNames classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames: Don’t use this, it is only present to file in from IBM Smalltalk

1.31.6 Class: pragmas

pragmaHandlerFor: aSymbol: Answer the (possibly inherited) registered handler for pragma aSymbol, or nil if not found.
registerHandler: aBlock forPragma: pragma: While compiling methods, on every encounter of the pragma with the given name, call aBlock with the CompiledMethod and an array of pragma argument values.

1.31.7 Class: printing

article: Answer an article (‘a’ or ‘an’) which is ok for the receiver’s name
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.31.8 Class: saving and loading

binaryRepresentationVersion: Answer a number >= 0 which represents the current version of the object’s representation. The default implementation answers zero.
convertFromVersion: version withFixedVariables: fixed indexedVariables: indexed for: anObjectDumper: This method is called if a VersionableObjectProxy is attached to a class. It receives the version number that was stored for the object (or nil if the object did not use a VersionableObjectProxy), the fixed instance variables, the indexed instance variables, and the ObjectDumper that has read the object. The default implementation ignores the version and simply fills in an instance of the receiver with the given fixed and indexed instance variables (nil if the class instances are of fixed size). If instance variables were removed from the class, extras are ignored; if the class is now fixed and used to be indexed, indexed is not used.
nonVersionedInstSize: Answer the number of instance variables that the class used to have when objects were stored without using a VersionableObjectProxy. The default implementation answers the current instSize.

1.31.9 Class: security

check: aPermission: Not commented.
securityPolicy: Answer ‘securityPolicy’.
securityPolicy: aSecurityPolicy: Not commented.

1.31.10 Class: still unclassified

allSharedPoolDictionariesDo: aBlock: Answer the shared pools visible from methods in the metaclass, in the correct search order.
fileOutHeaderOn: aFileStream: Not commented.

1.31.11 Class: testing

= aClass: Returns true if the two class objects are to be considered equal.

1.31.12 Class: testing functionality

asClass: Answer the receiver.
isClass: Answer ‘true’.

1.32 ClassDescription

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Behavior
Category: Language-Implementation: My instances provide methods that access classes by category, and allow whole categories of classes to be filed out to external disk files.

1.32.1 ClassDescription: compiling

compile: code classified: categoryName: Compile code in the receiver, assigning the method to the given category. Answer the newly created CompiledMethod, or nil if an error was found.
compile: code classified: categoryName ifError: block: Compile method source and install in method category, categoryName. If there are parsing errors, invoke exception block, ’block’ (see compile:ifError:). Return the method
compile: code classified: categoryName notifying: requestor: Compile method source and install in method category, categoryName. If there are parsing errors, send an error message to requestor

1.32.2 ClassDescription: conversion

asClass: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of ClassDescription
asMetaclass: Answer the metaclass associated to the receiver
binding: Answer a VariableBinding object whose value is the receiver

1.32.3 ClassDescription: copying

copy: selector from: aClass: Copy the given selector from aClass, assigning it the same category
copy: selector from: aClass classified: categoryName: Copy the given selector from aClass, assigning it the given category
copyAll: arrayOfSelectors from: class: Copy all the selectors in arrayOfSelectors from class, assigning them the same category they have in class
copyAll: arrayOfSelectors from: class classified: categoryName: Copy all the selectors in arrayOfSelectors from aClass, assigning them the given category
copyAllCategoriesFrom: aClass: Copy all the selectors in aClass, assigning them the original category
copyCategory: categoryName from: aClass: Copy all the selectors in from aClass that belong to the given category
copyCategory: categoryName from: aClass classified: newCategoryName: Copy all the selectors in from aClass that belong to the given category, reclassifying them as belonging to the given category

1.32.4 ClassDescription: filing

fileOut: fileName: Open the given file and to file out a complete class description to it. Requires package Parser.
fileOutCategory: categoryName to: fileName: File out all the methods belonging to the method category, categoryName, to the fileName file. Requires package Parser.
fileOutOn: aFileStream: File out complete class description: class definition, class and instance methods. Requires package Parser.
fileOutSelector: selector to: fileName: File out the given selector to fileName. Requires package Parser.

1.32.5 ClassDescription: organization of messages and classes

classify: aSelector under: aString: Put the method identified by the selector aSelector under the category given by aString.
createGetMethod: what: Create a method accessing the variable ‘what’.
createGetMethod: what default: value: Create a method accessing the variable ‘what’, with a default value of ‘value’, using lazy initialization
createSetMethod: what: Create a method which sets the variable ‘what’.
defineAsyncCFunc: cFuncNameString withSelectorArgs: selectorAndArgs args: argsArray: See documentation. This function is deprecated, you should use the <asyncCCall: ... > special syntax instead.
defineCFunc: cFuncNameString withSelectorArgs: selectorAndArgs returning: returnTypeSymbol args: argsArray: See documentation. This function is deprecated, you should use the <asyncCCall: ... > special syntax instead.
removeCategory: aString: Remove from the receiver every method belonging to the given category
whichCategoryIncludesSelector: selector: Answer the category for the given selector, or nil if the selector is not found

1.32.6 ClassDescription: parsing class declarations

addSharedPool: aDictionary: Add the given shared pool to the list of the class’ pool dictionaries
import: aDictionary: Add the given shared pool to the list of the class’ pool dictionaries

1.32.7 ClassDescription: printing

classVariableString: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of ClassDescription
instanceVariableString: Answer a string containing the name of the receiver’s instance variables.
nameIn: aNamespace: Answer the class name when the class is referenced from aNamespace
printOn: aStream in: aNamespace: Print on aStream the class name when the class is referenced from aNamespace
sharedVariableString: This method’s functionality should be implemented by subclasses of ClassDescription

1.32.8 ClassDescription: still unclassified

fileOutCategory: category toStream: aFileStream: File out all the methods belonging to the method category, category, to aFileStream. Requires package Parser.
fileOutSelector: aSymbol toStream: aFileStream: File out all the methods belonging to the method category, category, to aFileStream. Requires package Parser.

1.33 CLong

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.33.1 CLong class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.33.2 CLong: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.34 CLongDouble

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.34.1 CLongDouble class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.34.2 CLongDouble: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.35 CLongLong

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.35.1 CLongLong class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.35.2 CLongLong: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.36 CObject

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-C interface: I am not part of the standard Smalltalk kernel class hierarchy. My instances contain values that are not interpreted by the Smalltalk system; they frequently hold "pointers" to data outside of the Smalltalk environment. The C callout mechanism allows my instances to be transformed into their corresponding C values for use in external routines.

• CObject class-conversion:		(class)
• CObject class-instance creation:		(class)
• CObject class-primitive allocation:		(class)
• CObject class-subclass creation:		(class)
• CObject-accessing:		(instance)
• CObject-basic:		(instance)
• CObject-C data access:		(instance)
• CObject-conversion:		(instance)
• CObject-finalization:		(instance)
• CObject-pointer-like behavior:		(instance)
• CObject-testing:		(instance)
• CObject-testing functionality:		(instance)

1.36.1 CObject class: conversion

type: Nothing special in the default case - answer a CType for the receiver

1.36.2 CObject class: instance creation

address: anInteger: Answer a new object pointing to the passed address, anInteger
alloc: nBytes: Allocate nBytes bytes and return an instance of the receiver
gcAlloc: nBytes: Allocate nBytes bytes and return an instance of the receiver
gcNew: nBytes: Allocate nBytes bytes and return an instance of the receiver
new: Answer a new object pointing to NULL.
new: nBytes: Allocate nBytes bytes and return an instance of the receiver

1.36.3 CObject class: primitive allocation

alloc: nBytes type: cTypeObject: Allocate nBytes bytes and return a CObject of the given type
gcAlloc: nBytes type: cTypeObject: Allocate nBytes bytes and return a CObject of the given type

1.36.4 CObject class: subclass creation

inheritShape: Answer whether subclasses will have by default the same shape as this class. The default is true for the CObject hierarchy.

1.36.5 CObject: accessing

address: Answer the address the receiver is pointing to. The address can be absolute if the storage is nil, or relative to the Smalltalk object in #storage. In this case, an address of 0 corresponds to the first instance variable.
address: anInteger: Set the receiver to point to the passed address, anInteger
isAbsolute: Answer whether the object points into a garbage-collected Smalltalk storage, or it is an absolute address.
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver
storage: Answer the storage that the receiver is pointing into, or nil if the address is absolute.
storage: anObject: Change the receiver to point to the storage of anObject.
type: aCType: Set the receiver’s type to aCType.

1.36.6 CObject: basic

= anObject: Return true if the receiver and aCObject are equal.
hash: Return a hash value for anObject.

1.36.7 CObject: C data access

at: byteOffset put: aValue type: aType: Store aValue as data of the given type from byteOffset bytes after the pointer stored in the receiver
at: byteOffset type: aType: Answer some data of the given type from byteOffset bytes after the pointer stored in the receiver
free: Free the receiver’s pointer and set it to null. Big trouble hits you if the receiver doesn’t point to the base of a malloc-ed area.

1.36.8 CObject: conversion

castTo: aType: Answer another CObject, pointing to the same address as the receiver, but belonging to the aType CType.
narrow: This method is called on CObjects returned by a C call-out whose return type is specified as a CType; it mostly allows one to change the class of the returned CObject. By default it does nothing, and that’s why it is not called when #cObject is used to specify the return type.
type: Answer a CType for the receiver

1.36.9 CObject: finalization

finalize: To make the VM call this, use #addToBeFinalized. It frees automatically any memory pointed to by the CObject. It is not automatically enabled because big trouble hits you if you use #free and the receiver doesn’t point to the base of a malloc-ed area.

1.36.10 CObject: pointer-like behavior

+ anInteger

Return another instance of the receiver’s class which points at &receiver[anInteger] (or, if you prefer, what ‘receiver + anInteger’ does in C).

- intOrPtr

If intOrPtr is an integer, return another instance of the receiver’s class pointing at &receiver[-anInteger] (or, if you prefer, what ‘receiver - anInteger’ does in C). If it is the same class as the receiver, return the difference in chars, i.e. in bytes, between the two pointed addresses (or, if you prefer, what ‘receiver - anotherCharPtr’ does in C)

addressAt: anIndex

Return a new CObject of the element type, corresponding to an object that is anIndex places past the receiver (remember that CObjects represent pointers and that C pointers behave like arrays). anIndex is zero-based, just like with all other C-style accessing.

at: anIndex

Dereference a pointer that is anIndex places past the receiver (remember that CObjects represent pointers and that C pointers behave like arrays). anIndex is zero-based, just like with all other C-style accessing.

at: anIndex put: aValue

Store anIndex places past the receiver the passed Smalltalk object or CObject ‘aValue’; if it is a CObject is dereferenced: that is, this method is equivalent either to cobj[anIndex]=aValue or cobj[anIndex]=*aValue. anIndex is zero-based, just like with all other C-style accessing.

In both cases, aValue should be of the element type or of the corresponding Smalltalk type (that is, a String is ok for an array of CStrings) to avoid typing problems which however will not be signaled because C is untyped.

decr

Adjust the pointer by sizeof(dereferencedType) bytes down (i.e. –receiver)

decrBy: anInteger

Adjust the pointer by anInteger elements down (i.e. receiver -= anInteger)

incr

Adjust the pointer by sizeof(dereferencedType) bytes up (i.e. ++receiver)

incrBy: anInteger

Adjust the pointer by anInteger elements up (i.e. receiver += anInteger)

1.36.11 CObject: testing

isNull: Return true if the receiver points to NULL.

1.36.12 CObject: testing functionality

isCObject: Answer ‘true’.

1.37 Collection

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Iterable
Category: Collections: I am an abstract class. My instances are collections of objects. My subclasses may place some restrictions or add some definitions to how the objects are stored or organized; I say nothing about this. I merely provide some object creation and access routines for general collections of objects.

• Collection class-instance creation:		(class)
• Collection class-multibyte encodings:		(class)
• Collection-adding:		(instance)
• Collection-compiler:		(instance)
• Collection-concatenating:		(instance)
• Collection-converting:		(instance)
• Collection-copying Collections:		(instance)
• Collection-copying SequenceableCollections:		(instance)
• Collection-enumeration:		(instance)
• Collection-finalization:		(instance)
• Collection-printing:		(instance)
• Collection-removing:		(instance)
• Collection-sorting:		(instance)
• Collection-storing:		(instance)
• Collection-testing collections:		(instance)

1.37.1 Collection class: instance creation

from: anArray: Convert anArray to an instance of the receiver. anArray is structured such that the instance can be conveniently and fully specified using brace-syntax, possibly by imposing some additional structure on anArray.
join: aCollection: Answer a collection formed by treating each element in aCollection as a ‘withAll:’ argument collection to be added to a new instance.
with: anObject: Answer a collection whose only element is anObject
with: firstObject with: secondObject: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
with: firstObject with: secondObject with: thirdObject: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
with: firstObject with: secondObject with: thirdObject with: fourthObject: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
with: firstObject with: secondObject with: thirdObject with: fourthObject with: fifthObject: Answer a collection whose only elements are the parameters in the order they were passed
withAll: aCollection: Answer a collection whose elements are all those in aCollection

1.37.2 Collection class: multibyte encodings

isUnicode: Answer true; the receiver is able to store arbitrary Unicode characters.

1.37.3 Collection: adding

add: newObject: Add newObject to the receiver, answer it
addAll: aCollection: Adds all the elements of ’aCollection’ to the receiver, answer aCollection

1.37.4 Collection: compiler

literalEquals: anObject: Not commented.
literalHash: Not commented.

1.37.5 Collection: concatenating

join

Answer a new collection like my first element, with all the elements (in order) of all my elements, which should be collections.

I use my first element instead of myself as a prototype because my elements are more likely to share the desired properties than I am, such as in:

#(’hello, ’ ’world’) join => ’hello, world’

1.37.6 Collection: converting

asArray: Answer an Array containing all the elements in the receiver
asBag: Answer a Bag containing all the elements in the receiver
asByteArray: Answer a ByteArray containing all the elements in the receiver
asOrderedCollection: Answer an OrderedCollection containing all the elements in the receiver
asRunArray: Answer the receiver converted to a RunArray. If the receiver is not ordered the order of the elements in the RunArray might not be the #do: order.
asSet: Answer a Set containing all the elements in the receiver with no duplicates
asSortedCollection: Answer a SortedCollection containing all the elements in the receiver with the default sort block - [ :a :b | a <= b ]
asSortedCollection: aBlock: Answer a SortedCollection whose elements are the elements of the receiver, sorted according to the sort block aBlock
asString: Answer a String containing all the elements in the receiver
asUnicodeString: Answer a UnicodeString containing all the elements in the receiver

1.37.7 Collection: copying Collections

copyReplacing: targetObject withObject: newObject: Copy replacing each object which is = to targetObject with newObject
copyWith: newElement: Answer a copy of the receiver to which newElement is added
copyWithout: oldElement: Answer a copy of the receiver to which all occurrences of oldElement are removed

1.37.8 Collection: copying SequenceableCollections

, anIterable: Append anIterable at the end of a copy of the receiver (using #add:), and answer a new collection

1.37.9 Collection: enumeration

anyOne: Answer an unspecified element of the collection.
beConsistent: This method is private, but it is quite interesting so it is documented. It ensures that a collection is in a consistent state before attempting to iterate on it; its presence reduces the number of overrides needed by collections who try to amortize their execution times. The default implementation does nothing, so it is optimized out by the virtual machine and so it loses very little on the performance side. Note that descendants of Collection have to call it explicitly since #do: is abstract in Collection.
collect: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the results of evaluating aBlock passing each of the receiver’s elements
gather: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the results of evaluating aBlock, joined together. aBlock should return collections. The result is the same kind as the first collection, returned by aBlock (as for #join).
readStream: Answer a stream that gives elements of the receiver
reject: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the elements in the receiver which, when passed to aBlock, don’t answer true
select: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the elements in the receiver which, when passed to aBlock, answer true

1.37.10 Collection: finalization

mourn: anObject: Private - anObject has been found to have a weak key, remove it and possibly finalize the key.

1.37.11 Collection: printing

displayLines: Print each element of the receiver to a line on standard output.
examineOn: aStream: Print all the instance variables and objects in the receiver on aStream
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream

1.37.12 Collection: removing

empty: Remove everything from the receiver.
remove: oldObject: Remove oldObject from the receiver. If absent, fail, else answer oldObject.
remove: oldObject ifAbsent: anExceptionBlock: Remove oldObject from the receiver. If absent, evaluate anExceptionBlock and answer the result, else answer oldObject.
removeAll: aCollection: Remove each object in aCollection, answer aCollection, fail if some of them is absent. Warning: this could leave the collection in a semi-updated state.
removeAll: aCollection ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove each object in aCollection, answer aCollection; if some element is absent, pass it to aBlock.
removeAllSuchThat: aBlock: Remove from the receiver all objects for which aBlock returns true.

1.37.13 Collection: sorting

sorted: Return a sequenceable collection with the contents of the receiver sorted according to the default sort block, which uses #<= to compare items.
sorted: sortBlock: Return a sequenceable collection with the contents of the receiver sorted according to the given sort block, which accepts pair of items and returns true if the first item is less than the second one.

1.37.14 Collection: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.37.15 Collection: testing collections

capacity: Answer how many elements the receiver can hold before having to grow.
identityIncludes: anObject: Answer whether we include the anObject object
includes: anObject: Answer whether we include anObject
includesAllOf: aCollection: Answer whether we include all of the objects in aCollection
includesAnyOf: aCollection: Answer whether we include any of the objects in aCollection
isEmpty: Answer whether we are (still) empty
isSequenceable: Answer whether the receiver can be accessed by a numeric index with #at:/#at:put:.
notEmpty: Answer whether we include at least one object
occurrencesOf: anObject: Answer how many occurrences of anObject we include
size: Answer how many objects we include

1.38 CompiledBlock

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CompiledCode
Category: Language-Implementation: I represent a block that has been compiled.

1.38.1 CompiledBlock class: instance creation

new: numBytecodes header: anInteger method: outerMethod: Answer a new instance of the receiver with room for the given number of bytecodes and the given header.
numArgs: args numTemps: temps bytecodes: bytecodes depth: depth literals: literalArray: Answer an (almost) full fledged CompiledBlock. To make it complete, you must either set the new object’s ‘method’ variable, or put it into a BlockClosure and put the BlockClosure into a CompiledMethod’s literals. The clean-ness of the block is automatically computed.

1.38.2 CompiledBlock: accessing

flags: Answer the ‘cleanness’ of the block. 0 = clean; 1 = access to receiver variables and/or self; 2-30 = access to variables that are 1-29 contexts away; 31 = return from method or push thisContext
method: Answer the CompiledMethod in which the receiver lies
methodClass: Answer the class in which the receiver is installed.
methodClass: methodClass: Set the receiver’s class instance variable
numArgs: Answer the number of arguments passed to the receiver
numLiterals: Answer the number of literals for the receiver
numTemps: Answer the number of temporary variables used by the receiver
selector: Answer the selector through which the method is called
selector: aSymbol: Set the selector through which the method is called
sourceCodeLinesDelta: Answer the delta from the numbers in LINE_NUMBER bytecodes to source code line numbers.
sourceCodeMap: Answer an array which maps bytecode indices to source code line numbers. 0 values represent invalid instruction pointer indices.
stackDepth: Answer the number of stack slots needed for the receiver

1.38.3 CompiledBlock: basic

= aMethod: Answer whether the receiver and aMethod are equal
methodCategory: Answer the method category
methodCategory: aCategory: Set the method category to the given string
methodSourceCode: Answer the method source code (a FileSegment or String or nil)
methodSourceFile: Answer the file where the method source code is stored
methodSourcePos: Answer the location where the method source code is stored in the methodSourceFile
methodSourceString: Answer the method source code as a string

1.38.4 CompiledBlock: printing

printOn: aStream: Print the receiver’s class and selector on aStream

1.38.5 CompiledBlock: saving and loading

binaryRepresentationObject: This method is implemented to allow for a PluggableProxy to be used with CompiledBlocks. Answer a DirectedMessage which sends #blockAt: to the CompiledMethod containing the receiver.

1.39 CompiledCode

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ArrayedCollection
Category: Language-Implementation: I represent code that has been compiled. I am an abstract superclass for blocks and methods

1.39.1 CompiledCode class: cache flushing

flushTranslatorCache: Answer any kind of cache mantained by a just-in-time code translator in the virtual machine (if any). Do nothing for now.

1.39.2 CompiledCode class: instance creation

new: numBytecodes header: anInteger literals: literals: Answer a new instance of the receiver with room for the given number of bytecodes and the given header
new: numBytecodes header: anInteger numLiterals: numLiterals: Answer a new instance of the receiver with room for the given number of bytecodes and the given header

1.39.3 CompiledCode class: tables

bytecodeInfoTable

Return a ByteArray which defines some properties of the bytecodes. For each bytecode, 4 bytes are reserved. The fourth byte is a flag byte: bit 7 means that the argument is a line number to be used in creating the bytecode->line number map.

The first three have a meaning only for those bytecodes that represent a combination of operations: the combination can be BC1 ARG BC2 OPERAND if the fourth byte’s bit 0 = 0 or BC1 OPERAND BC2 ARG if the fourth byte’s bit 0 = 1

where BC1 is the first byte, BC2 is the second, ARG is the third and OPERAND is the bytecode argument as it appears in the bytecode stream.

specialSelectors

Answer an array of message names that don’t need to be in literals to be sent in a method. Their position here reflects their integer code in bytecode.

specialSelectorsNumArgs

Answer a harmoniously-indexed array of arities for the messages answered by #specialSelectors.

1.39.4 CompiledCode: accessing

at: anIndex put: aBytecode: Store aBytecode as the anIndex-th bytecode
blockAt: anIndex: Answer the CompiledBlock attached to the anIndex-th literal, assuming that the literal is a CompiledBlock or a BlockClosure.
bytecodeAt: anIndex: Answer the anIndex-th bytecode
bytecodeAt: anIndex put: aBytecode: Store aBytecode as the anIndex-th bytecode
flags: Private - Answer the optimization flags for the receiver
isAnnotated: Answer ‘false’.
literalAt: anIndex: Answer the anIndex-th literal
literalAt: anInteger put: aValue: Store aValue as the anIndex-th literal
literals: Answer the literals referenced by my code or any CompiledCode instances I own.
method: Answer the parent method for the receiver, or self if it is a method.
methodClass: Answer the class in which the receiver is installed.
methodClass: methodClass: Set the receiver’s class instance variable
numArgs: Answer the number of arguments for the receiver
numLiterals: Answer the number of literals for the receiver
numTemps: Answer the number of temporaries for the receiver
primitive: Answer the primitive called by the receiver
selector: Answer the selector through which the method is called
selector: aSymbol: Set the selector through which the method is called
sourceCodeLinesDelta: Answer the delta from the numbers in LINE_NUMBER bytecodes to source code line numbers.
stackDepth: Answer the number of stack slots needed for the receiver

1.39.5 CompiledCode: basic

= aMethod: Answer whether the receiver is the same object as arg. Testing for equality could break the browser, since it’s possible to put arbitrary objects via ##(...), so this is safer.
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver
methodCategory: Answer the method category
methodCategory: aCategory: Set the method category to the given string
methodSourceCode: Answer the method source code (a FileSegment or String or nil)
methodSourceFile: Answer the file where the method source code is stored
methodSourcePos: Answer the location where the method source code is stored in the methodSourceFile
methodSourceString: Answer the method source code as a string

1.39.6 CompiledCode: copying

deepCopy: Answer a deep copy of the receiver

1.39.7 CompiledCode: debugging

examineOn: aStream: Print the contents of the receiver in a verbose way.

1.39.8 CompiledCode: decoding bytecodes

dispatchTo: anObject with: param: Disassemble the bytecodes and tell anObject about them in the form of message sends. param is given as an argument to every message send.

1.39.9 CompiledCode: literals - iteration

allLiteralSymbolsDo: aBlock: As with #allLiteralsDo:, but only call aBlock with found Symbols.
allLiteralsDo: aBlock: Walk my literals, descending into Arrays and Messages, invoking aBlock with each touched object.
literalsDo: aBlock: Invoke aBlock with each object immediately in my list of literals.

1.39.10 CompiledCode: security

verify: Verify the bytecodes for the receiver, and raise an exception if the verification process failed.

1.39.11 CompiledCode: testing accesses

accesses: instVarIndex: Answer whether the receiver accesses the instance variable with the given index
assigns: instVarIndex: Answer whether the receiver writes to the instance variable with the given index
containsLiteral: anObject: Answer if the receiver contains a literal which is equal to anObject.
hasBytecode: byte between: firstIndex and: lastIndex: Answer whether the receiver includes the ‘byte’ bytecode in any of the indices between firstIndex and lastIndex.
jumpDestinationAt: anIndex forward: aBoolean: Answer where the jump at bytecode index ‘anIndex’ lands
reads: instVarIndex: Answer whether the receiver reads the instance variable with the given index
refersTo: anObject: Answer whether the receiver refers to the given object
sendsToSuper: Answer whether the receiver includes a send to super.
sourceCodeMap: Answer an array which maps bytecode indices to source code line numbers. 0 values represent invalid instruction pointer indices.

1.39.12 CompiledCode: translation

discardTranslation: Flush the just-in-time translated code for the receiver (if any).

1.40 CompiledMethod

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CompiledCode
Category: Language-Implementation: I represent methods that have been compiled. I can recompile methods from their source code, I can invoke Emacs to edit the source code for one of my instances, and I know how to access components of my instances.

1.40.1 CompiledMethod class: c call-outs

asyncCCall: descr numArgs: numArgs attributes: attributesArray: Return a CompiledMethod corresponding to a #asyncCCall:args: pragma with the given arguments.
cCall: descr numArgs: numArgs attributes: attributesArray: Return a CompiledMethod corresponding to a #cCall:returning:args: pragma with the given arguments.

1.40.2 CompiledMethod class: instance creation

literals: lits numArgs: numArg numTemps: numTemp attributes: attrArray bytecodes: bytecodes depth: depth: Answer a full fledged CompiledMethod. Construct the method header from the parameters, and set the literals and bytecodes to the provided ones. Also, the bytecodes are optimized and any embedded CompiledBlocks modified to refer to these literals and to the newly created CompiledMethod.
numArgs: args: Create a user-defined method (one that is sent #valueWithReceiver:withArguments: when it is invoked) with numArgs arguments. This only makes sense when called for a subclass of CompiledMethod.

1.40.3 CompiledMethod class: lean images

stripSourceCode: Remove all the references to method source code from the system

1.40.4 CompiledMethod: accessing

allBlocksDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock, passing to it all the CompiledBlocks it holds
allLiterals: Answer the literals referred to by the receiver and all the blocks in it
flags: Private - Answer the optimization flags for the receiver
isOldSyntax: Answer whether the method was written with the old (chunk-format) syntax
method: Answer the receiver, since it is already a method.
methodCategory: Answer the method category
methodCategory: aCategory: Set the method category to the given string
methodClass: Answer the class in which the receiver is installed.
methodClass: methodClass: Set the receiver’s class instance variable
noteOldSyntax: Remember that the method is written with the old (chunk-format) syntax
numArgs: Answer the number of arguments for the receiver
numTemps: Answer the number of temporaries for the receiver
primitive: Answer the primitive called by the receiver
selector: Answer the selector through which the method is called
selector: aSymbol: Set the selector through which the method is called
sourceCodeLinesDelta: Answer the delta from the numbers in LINE_NUMBER bytecodes to source code line numbers.
stackDepth: Answer the number of stack slots needed for the receiver
withAllBlocksDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock, passing the receiver and all the CompiledBlocks it holds
withNewMethodClass: class: Answer either the receiver or a copy of it, with the method class set to class
withNewMethodClass: class selector: selector: Answer either the receiver or a copy of it, with the method class set to class

1.40.5 CompiledMethod: attributes

attributeAt: aSymbol: Return a Message for the first attribute named aSymbol defined by the receiver, or answer an error if none was found.
attributeAt: aSymbol ifAbsent: aBlock: Return a Message for the first attribute named aSymbol defined by the receiver, or evaluate aBlock is none was found.
attributes: Return an Array of Messages, one for each attribute defined by the receiver.
attributesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each attribute defined by the receiver, passing a Message each time.
isAnnotated: If the receiver has any attributes, answer true.
primitiveAttribute: If the receiver defines a primitive, return a Message resembling the attribute that was used to define it.

1.40.6 CompiledMethod: basic

= aMethod: Answer whether the receiver and aMethod are equal
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.40.7 CompiledMethod: c call-outs

isValidCCall: Answer whether I appear to have the valid flags, information, and ops to invoke a C function and answer its result.
rewriteAsAsyncCCall: func args: argsArray: Not commented.
rewriteAsCCall: funcOrDescr for: aClass: Not commented.
rewriteAsCCall: func returning: returnType args: argsArray: Not commented.

1.40.8 CompiledMethod: compiling

methodFormattedSourceString: Answer the method source code as a string, formatted using the RBFormatter. Requires package Parser.
methodParseNode: Answer the parse tree for the receiver, or nil if there is an error. Requires package Parser.
parserClass: Answer a parser class, similar to Behavior>>parserClass, that can parse my source code. Requires package Parser.
recompile: Recompile the method in the scope of the class where it leaves.
recompileNotifying: aNotifier: Recompile the method in the scope of the class where it leaves, notifying errors to aNotifier by sending it #error:.

1.40.9 CompiledMethod: invoking

valueWithReceiver: anObject withArguments: args

Execute the method within anObject, passing the elements of the args Array as parameters. The method need not reside on the hierarchy from the receiver’s class to Object – it need not reside at all in a MethodDictionary, in fact – but doing bad things will compromise stability of the Smalltalk virtual machine (and don’t blame anybody but yourself).

If the flags field of the method header is 6, this method instead provides a hook from which the virtual machine can call back whenever execution of the method is requested. In this case, invoking the method would cause an infinite loop (the VM asks the method to run, the method asks the VM to invoke it, and so on), so this method fails with a #subclassResponsibility error.

1.40.10 CompiledMethod: printing

printOn: aStream: Print the receiver’s class and selector on aStream
storeOn: aStream: Print code to create the receiver on aStream

1.40.11 CompiledMethod: saving and loading

binaryRepresentationObject: This method is implemented to allow for a PluggableProxy to be used with CompiledMethods. Answer a DirectedMessage which sends #>> to the class object containing the receiver.

1.40.12 CompiledMethod: source code

methodRecompilationSourceString: Answer the method source code as a string, ensuring that it is in new syntax (it has brackets).
methodSourceCode: Answer the method source code (a FileSegment or String or nil)
methodSourceFile: Answer the file where the method source code is stored
methodSourcePos: Answer the location where the method source code is stored in the methodSourceFile
methodSourceString: Answer the method source code as a string

1.40.13 CompiledMethod: testing

accesses: instVarIndex: Answer whether the receiver or the blocks it contains accesses the instance variable with the given index
assigns: instVarIndex: Answer whether the receiver or the blocks it contains writes to the instance variable with the given index
isAbstract: Answer whether the receiver is abstract.
reads: instVarIndex: Answer whether the receiver or the blocks it contains reads to the instance variable with the given index
sendsToSuper: Answer whether the receiver or the blocks it contains have sends to super

1.41 ContextPart

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: My instances represent executing Smalltalk code, which represent the local environment of executable code. They contain a stack and also provide some methods that can be used in inspection or debugging.

1.41.1 ContextPart class: built ins

thisContext: Return the value of the thisContext variable. Called internally when the variable is accessed.

1.41.2 ContextPart class: exception handling

backtrace: Print a backtrace from the caller to the bottom of the stack on the Transcript
backtraceOn: aStream: Print a backtrace from the caller to the bottom of the stack on aStream

1.41.3 ContextPart: accessing

at: index: Answer the index-th slot in the receiver. Any read access from (self size + 1) to (self basicSize) will give nil.
at: index put: anObject: Answer the index-th slot in the receiver. Any write access from (self size + 1) to (self basicSize) will give an error unless nil is being written. This is because doing such an access first, and then updating sp, is racy: the garbage collector may trigger in the middle and move anObject, but the slot in the context won’t be adjusted.
client: Answer the client of this context, that is, the object that sent the message that created this context. Fail if the receiver has no parent
currentFileName: Answer the name of the file where the method source code is
environment: To create a valid execution environment for the interpreter even before it starts, GST creates a fake context whose selector is nil and which can be used as a marker for the current execution environment. This method answers that context. For processes, it answers the process block itself
home: Answer the MethodContext to which the receiver refers
initialIP: Answer the value of the instruction pointer when execution starts in the current context
ip: Answer the current instruction pointer into the receiver
ip: newIP: Set the instruction pointer for the receiver
isBlock: Answer whether the receiver is a block context
isDisabled: Answers whether the context is skipped when doing a return. Contexts are marked as disabled whenever a non-local return is done (either by returning from the enclosing method of a block, or with the #continue: method of ContextPart) and there are unwind contexts such as those created by #ensure:. All non-unwind contexts are then marked as disabled.
isEnvironment: To create a valid execution environment for the interpreter even before it starts, GST creates a fake context which invokes a special “termination” method. Such a context can be used as a marker for the current execution environment. Answer whether the receiver is that kind of context.
isProcess: Answer whether the receiver represents a process context, i.e. a context created by BlockClosure>>#newProcess. Such a context can be recognized because it has no parent but its flags are different from those of the contexts created by the VM’s prepareExecutionEnvironment function.
isUnwind: Answers whether the context must continue execution even after a non-local return (a return from the enclosing method of a block, or a call to the #continue: method of ContextPart). Such contexts are created by #ensure:.
method: Return the CompiledMethod being executed
methodClass: Return the class in which the CompiledMethod being executed is defined
numArgs: Answer the number of arguments passed to the receiver
numTemps: Answer the number of temporaries used by the receiver
parentContext: Answer the context that called the receiver
parentContext: aContext: Set the context to which the receiver will return
push: anObject: Push an object on the receiver’s stack.
receiver: Return the receiver (self) for the method being executed
selector: Return the selector for the method being executed
size: Answer the number of valid fields for the receiver. Any read access from (self size + 1) to (self basicSize) will give nil.
sp: Answer the current stack pointer into the receiver
sp: newSP: Set the stack pointer for the receiver.
validSize: Answer how many elements in the receiver should be inspected

1.41.4 ContextPart: built ins

continue: anObject: Resume execution from the receiver, faking that the context on top of it in the execution chain has returned anObject. The receiver must belong to the same process as the executing context, otherwise the results are not predictable. All #ensure: (and possibly #ifCurtailed:) blocks between the currently executing context and the receiver are evaluated (which is not what would happen if you directly bashed at the parent context of thisContext).

1.41.5 ContextPart: copying

copyStack: Answer a copy of the entire stack.
deepCopy: Answer a copy of the entire stack, but don’t copy any of the other instance variables of the context.

1.41.6 ContextPart: debugging

currentLine: Answer the 1-based number of the line that is pointed to by the receiver’s instruction pointer. The DebugTools package caches information, thus making the implementation faster.
currentLineInFile: Answer the 1-based number of the line that is pointed to by the receiver’s instruction pointer, relative to the method’s file. The implementation is slow unless the DebugTools package is loaded.
debugger: Answer the debugger that is attached to the given context. It is always nil unless the DebugTools package is loaded.
debuggerClass: Answer which debugger should be used to debug the current context chain. The class with the highest debugging priority is picked among those mentioned in the chain.
isInternalExceptionHandlingContext: Answer whether the receiver is a context that should be hidden to the user when presenting a backtrace.

1.41.7 ContextPart: enumerating

scanBacktraceFor: selectors do: aBlock: Scan the backtrace for contexts whose selector is among those listed in selectors; if one is found, invoke aBlock passing the context.
scanBacktraceForAttribute: selector do: aBlock: Scan the backtrace for contexts which have the attribute selector listed in selectors; if one is found, invoke aBlock passing the context and the attribute.

1.41.8 ContextPart: printing

backtrace: Print a backtrace from the receiver to the bottom of the stack on the Transcript.
backtraceOn: aStream: Print a backtrace from the caller to the bottom of the stack on aStream.

1.41.9 ContextPart: security checks

checkSecurityFor: perm: Answer the receiver.
doSecurityCheckForName: name actions: actions target: target: Not commented.
securityCheckForName: name: Not commented.
securityCheckForName: name action: action: Not commented.
securityCheckForName: name actions: actions target: target: Not commented.
securityCheckForName: name target: target: Not commented.

1.42 Continuation

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: At my heart, I am something like the goto instruction; my creation sets the label, and my methods do the jump. However, this is a really powerful kind of goto instruction. If your hair is turning green at this point, don’t worry as you will probably only deal with users of continuations, rather than with the concept itself.

1.42.1 Continuation class: instance creation

current: Return a continuation.
currentDo: aBlock: Pass a continuation to the one-argument block, aBlock and return the result of evaluating it.
escapeDo: aBlock: Pass a continuation to the one-argument block, knowing that aBlock does not fall off (either because it includes a method return, or because it yields control to another continuation). If it does, an exception will be signalled and the current process terminated.

1.42.2 Continuation: invocation

callCC: Activate the original continuation, passing back in turn a continuation for the caller. The called continuation becomes unusable, and any attempt to reactivate it will cause an exception. This is not a limitation, in general, because this method is used to replace a continuation with another (see the implementation of the Generator class).
oneShotValue: Return nil to the original continuation, which becomes unusable. Attempting to reactivate it will cause an exception. This is an optimization over #value.
oneShotValue: v: Return anObject to the original continuation, which becomes unusable. Attempting to reactivate it will cause an exception. This is an optimization over #value:.
value: Return nil to the original continuation, copying the stack to allow another activation.
value: anObject: Return anObject to the original continuation, copying the stack to allow another activation.
valueWithArguments: aCollection: Return the sole element of aCollection to the original continuation (or nil if aCollection is empty), copying the stack to allow another activation

1.43 CPtr

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CAggregate
Category: Language-C interface

1.43.1 CPtr: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size
value: Answer the address of the location pointed to by the receiver.
value: anObject: Set the address of the location pointed to by the receiver to anObject, which can be either an Integer or a CObject. if anObject is an Integer, it is interpreted as a 32-bit or 64-bit address. If it is a CObject, its address is stored.

1.44 CPtrCType

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CType
Category: Language-C interface

1.44.1 CPtrCType class: instance creation

elementType: aCType: Answer a new instance of CPtrCType that maps pointers to the given CType
from: type: Private - Called by computeAggregateType: for pointers

1.44.2 CPtrCType: accessing

elementType: Answer the type of the elements in the receiver’s instances

1.44.3 CPtrCType: basic

= anObject: Return whether the receiver and anObject are equal.
hash: Return a hash code for the receiver.

1.44.4 CPtrCType: storing

storeOn: aStream: Not commented.

1.45 CScalar

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CObject
Category: Language-C interface

1.45.1 CScalar class: instance creation

gcValue: anObject: Answer a newly allocated CObject containing the passed value, anObject, in garbage-collected storage.
type: Answer a CType for the receiver—for example, CByteType if the receiver is CByte.
value: anObject: Answer a newly allocated CObject containing the passed value, anObject. Remember to call #addToBeFinalized if you want the CObject to be automatically freed

1.45.2 CScalar: accessing

cObjStoredType: Private - Provide a conversion from a CObject to a Smalltalk object to be stored by #at:put:
value: Answer the value the receiver is pointing to. The exact returned value depends on the receiver’s class
value: aValue: Set the receiver to point to the value, aValue. The exact meaning of aValue depends on the receiver’s class

1.46 CScalarCType

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CType
Category: Language-C interface

1.46.1 CScalarCType: accessing

valueType: valueType is used as a means to communicate to the interpreter the underlying type of the data. For scalars, it is supplied by the CObject subclass.

1.46.2 CScalarCType: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code that compiles to the receiver

1.47 CShort

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.47.1 CShort class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.47.2 CShort: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.48 CSmalltalk

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.48.1 CSmalltalk class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.48.2 CSmalltalk: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.49 CString

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: CPtr

Category: Language-C interface

Technically, CString is really a pointer to CChar. However, it can be very useful as a distinct datatype because it is a separate datatype in Smalltalk, so we allow developers to express their semantics more precisely by using a more descriptive type.

Note that like CChar is a pointer to char, CString is actually a *pointer* to string: a char ** in C terms. If you need to take a String out of a char *, use CChar>>#asString.

In general, I behave like a cross between an array of characters and a pointer to a character. I provide the protocol for both data types. My #value method returns a Smalltalk String, as you would expect for a scalar datatype.

1.49.1 CString class: accessing

cObjStoredType: Private - Provide a conversion from a CObject to a Smalltalk object to be stored by #at:put:

1.49.2 CString class: instance creation

type: Answer a CType for the receiver—for example, CByteType if the receiver is CByte.
value: anObject: Answer a newly allocated CObject containing the passed value, anObject. Remember to call #addToBeFinalized if you want the CObject to be automatically freed

1.49.3 CString: accessing

cObjStoredType: Private - Provide a conversion from a CObject to a Smalltalk object to be stored by #at:put:
value: Answer the value the receiver is pointing to. The exact returned value depends on the receiver’s class
value: aValue: Set the receiver to point to the value, aValue. The exact meaning of aValue depends on the receiver’s class

1.50 CStringCType

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalarCType
Category: Language-C interface

1.50.1 CStringCType: accessing

elementType: Answer the type of the elements in the receiver’s instances

1.51 CStruct

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CCompound
Category: Language-C interface

1.51.1 CStruct class: subclass creation

declaration: array: Compile methods that implement the declaration in array.

1.52 CType

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Object

Category: Language-C interface

I am not part of the standard Smalltalk kernel class hierarchy. I contain type information used by subclasses of CObject, which represents external C data items.

My only instance variable, cObjectType, is used to hold onto the CObject subclass that gets created for a given CType. Used primarily in the C part of the interpreter because internally it cannot execute methods to get values, so it has a simple way to access instance variable which holds the desired subclass.

My subclasses have instances which represent the actual data types; for the scalar types, there is only one instance created of each, but for the aggregate types, there is at least one instance per base type and/or number of elements.

1.52.1 CType class: C instance creation

cObjectBinding: aCObjectSubclassBinding: Create a new CType for the given subclass of CObject
cObjectType: aCObjectSubclass: Create a new CType for the given subclass of CObject
computeAggregateType: type: Private - Called by from: for pointers/arrays. Format of type: (#array #int 3) or (#ptr #{FooStruct})
from: type: Private - Pass the size, alignment, and description of CType for aBlock, given the field description in ‘type’ (the second element of each pair).

1.52.2 CType class: initialization

initialize: Initialize the receiver’s TypeMap

1.52.3 CType: accessing

alignof: Answer the size of the receiver’s instances
arrayType: size: Answer a CArrayCType which represents an array with the given size of CObjects whose type is in turn represented by the receiver
cObjectType: Answer the CObject subclass whose instance is created when new is sent to the receiver
new: anInteger: Allocate a new CObject with room for anInteger C objects of the type (class) identified by the receiver. It is the caller’s responsibility to free the memory allocated for it.
ptrType: Answer a CPtrCType which represents a pointer to CObjects whose type is in turn represented by the receiver
sizeof: Answer the size of the receiver’s instances
valueType: valueType is used as a means to communicate to the interpreter the underlying type of the data. For anything but scalars, it’s just ’self’

1.52.4 CType: basic

= anObject: Return whether the receiver and anObject are equal.
hash: Return a hash code for the receiver.

1.52.5 CType: C instance creation

address: cObjOrInt: Create a new CObject with the type (class) identified by the receiver, pointing to the given address (identified by an Integer or CObject).
gcNew: Allocate a new CObject with the type (class) identified by the receiver. The object is movable in memory, but on the other hand it is garbage-collected automatically.
gcNew: anInteger: Allocate a new CObject with room for anInteger C object of the type (class) identified by the receiver. The object is movable in memory, but on the other hand it is garbage-collected automatically.
new: Allocate a new CObject with the type (class) identified by the receiver. It is the caller’s responsibility to free the memory allocated for it.

1.52.6 CType: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code that compiles to the receiver

1.53 CUChar

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.53.1 CUChar class: getting info

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.53.2 CUChar: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.54 CUInt

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.54.1 CUInt class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.54.2 CUInt: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.55 CULong

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.55.1 CULong class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.55.2 CULong: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.56 CULongLong

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.56.1 CULongLong class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.56.2 CULongLong: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.57 CUnion

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CCompound
Category: Language-C interface

1.57.1 CUnion class: subclass creation

declaration: array: Compile methods that implement the declaration in array.

1.58 CUShort

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: CScalar
Category: Language-C interface

1.58.1 CUShort class: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s instances required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s instances scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s instances size

1.58.2 CUShort: accessing

alignof: Answer the receiver’s required aligment
cObjStoredType: Private - Answer an index referring to the receiver’s scalar type
sizeof: Answer the receiver’s size

1.59 Date

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Magnitude

Category: Language-Data types

My instances represent dates. My base date is defined to be Jan 1, 1901. I provide methods for instance creation (including via "symbolic" dates, such as "Date newDay: 14 month: #Feb year: 1990".

PLEASE BE WARNED – use this class only for dates after 1582 AD; that’s the beginning of the epoch. Dates before 1582 will not be correctly printed. In addition, since ten days were lost from October 5 through October 15, operations between a Gregorian date (after 15-Oct-1582) and a Julian date (before 5-Oct-1582) will give incorrect results; or, 4-Oct-1582 + 2 days will yield 6-Oct-1582 (a non-existent day!), not 16-Oct-1582.

In fact, if you pass a year < 1582 to a method like #newDay:month:year: it will assume that it is a two-digit year (e.g. 90=1990, 1000=2900). The only way to create Julian calendar dates is with the #fromDays: instance creation method.

1.59.1 Date class: basic

abbreviationOfDay: dayIndex: Answer the abbreviated name of the day of week corresponding to the given index
dayOfWeek: dayName: Answer the index of the day of week corresponding to the given name
daysInMonth: monthName forYear: yearInteger: Answer the number of days in the given (named) month for the given year
daysInYear: i: Answer the number of days in the given year
indexOfMonth: monthName: Answer the index of the month corresponding to the given name
initDayNameDict: Initialize the DayNameDict to the names of the days
initMonthNameDict: Initialize the MonthNameDict to the names of the months
initialize: Initialize the receiver
nameOfDay: dayIndex: Answer the name of the day of week corresponding to the given index
nameOfMonth: monthIndex: Answer the name of the month corresponding to the given index
shortNameOfMonth: monthIndex: Answer the name of the month corresponding to the given index

1.59.2 Date class: instance creation (ANSI)

year: y day: d hour: h minute: min second: s: Answer a Date denoting the d-th day of the given year
year: y month: m day: d hour: h minute: min second: s: Answer a Date denoting the d-th day of the given (as a number) month and year

1.59.3 Date class: instance creation (Blue Book)

dateAndTimeNow: Answer an array containing the current date and time
fromDays: dayCount: Answer a Date denoting dayCount days past 1/1/1901
fromJulian: jd: Answer a Date denoting the jd-th day in the astronomical Julian calendar.
fromSeconds: time: Answer a Date denoting the date time seconds past Jan 1st, 1901
newDay: day month: monthName year: yearInteger: Answer a Date denoting the dayCount day of the given (named) month and year
newDay: day monthIndex: monthIndex year: yearInteger: Answer a Date denoting the dayCount day of the given (as a number) month and year
newDay: dayCount year: yearInteger: Answer a Date denoting the dayCount day of the yearInteger year
readFrom: aStream: Parse an instance of the receiver from aStream
today: Answer a Date denoting the current date in local time
utcDateAndTimeNow: Answer an array containing the current date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
utcToday: Answer a Date denoting the current date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

1.59.4 Date: basic

- aDate: Answer a new Duration counting the number of days between the receiver and aDate.
addDays: dayCount: Answer a new Date pointing dayCount past the receiver
subtractDate: aDate: Answer the number of days between aDate and the receiver (negative if the receiver is before aDate)
subtractDays: dayCount: Answer a new Date pointing dayCount before the receiver

1.59.5 Date: compatibility (non-ANSI)

day: Answer the day represented by the receiver
dayName: Answer the day of week of the receiver as a Symbol
shortMonthName: Answer the abbreviated name of the month represented by the receiver

1.59.6 Date: date computations

asSeconds: Answer the date as the number of seconds from 1/1/1901.
dayOfMonth: Answer the day represented by the receiver (same as #day)
dayOfWeek: Answer the day of week of the receiver. 1 = Monday, 7 = Sunday
dayOfWeekAbbreviation: Answer the day of week of the receiver as a Symbol
dayOfWeekName: Answer the day of week of the receiver as a Symbol
dayOfYear: Answer the days passed since 31/12 of last year; e.g. New Year’s Day is 1
daysFromBaseDay: Answer the days passed since 1/1/1901
daysInMonth: Answer the days in the month represented by the receiver
daysInYear: Answer the days in the year represented by the receiver
daysLeftInMonth: Answer the days to the end of the month represented by the receiver
daysLeftInYear: Answer the days to the end of the year represented by the receiver
firstDayOfMonth: Answer a Date representing the first day of the month represented by the receiver
isLeapYear: Answer whether the receiver refers to a date in a leap year.
lastDayOfMonth: Answer a Date representing the last day of the month represented by the receiver
month: Answer the index of the month represented by the receiver
monthAbbreviation: Answer the abbreviated name of the month represented by the receiver
monthIndex: Answer the index of the month represented by the receiver
monthName: Answer the name of the month represented by the receiver
year: Answer the year represented by the receiver

1.59.7 Date: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation for the receiver on aStream

1.59.8 Date: still unclassified

+ aDuration: Answer a new Date or DateTime pointing aDuration time past the receiver.

1.59.9 Date: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store on aStream Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.59.10 Date: testing

< aDate: Answer whether the receiver indicates a date preceding aDate
= aDate: Answer whether the receiver indicates the same date as aDate
hash: Answer an hash value for the receievr

1.60 DateTime

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Date
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent timestamps.

1.60.1 DateTime class: information

clockPrecision: Answer ‘ClockPrecision’.
initialize: Initialize the receiver’s class variables

1.60.2 DateTime class: instance creation

now: Answer an instance of the receiver referring to the current date and time.
readFrom: aStream: Parse an instance of the receiver from aStream
today: Answer an instance of the receiver referring to midnight of today in local time.
year: y day: d hour: h minute: min second: s: Answer a DateTime denoting the d-th day of the given year, and setting the time part to the given hour, minute, and second
year: y day: d hour: h minute: min second: s offset: ofs: Answer a DateTime denoting the d-th day of the given year. Set the offset field to ofs (a Duration), and the time part to the given hour, minute, and second
year: y month: m day: d hour: h minute: min second: s: Answer a DateTime denoting the d-th day of the given (as a number) month and year, setting the time part to the given hour, minute, and second
year: y month: m day: d hour: h minute: min second: s offset: ofs: Answer a DateTime denoting the d-th day of the given (as a number) month and year. Set the offset field to ofs (a Duration), and the the time part to the given hour, minute, and second

1.60.3 DateTime class: instance creation (non-ANSI)

date: aDate time: aTime: Answer a DateTime denoting the given date and time. Set the offset field to ofs (a Duration).
date: aDate time: aTime offset: ofs: Answer a DateTime denoting the given date and time. Set the offset field to ofs (a Duration).
fromDays: days seconds: secs: Answer a DateTime denoting the given date (as days since January 1, 1901) and time (as seconds since UTC midnight).
fromDays: days seconds: secs offset: ofs: Answer a DateTime denoting the given date (as days since January 1, 1901) and time (as seconds since midnight). Set the offset field to ofs (a Duration).
fromSeconds: secs: Answer a DateTime denoting the given date and time (as seconds since January 1, 1901 midnight UTC).
fromSeconds: secs offset: ofs: Answer a DateTime denoting the given date and time (as seconds since January 1, 1901 midnight). Set the offset field to ofs (a Duration).

1.60.4 DateTime: basic

+ aDuration: Answer a new Date pointing aDuration time past the receiver
- aDateTimeOrDuration: Answer a new Date pointing dayCount before the receiver

1.60.5 DateTime: computations

asSeconds: Answer the date as the number of seconds from 1/1/1901.
dayOfWeek: Answer the day of week of the receiver. Unlike Dates, DateAndTimes have 1 = Sunday, 7 = Saturday
hour: Answer the hour in a 24-hour clock
hour12: Answer the hour in a 12-hour clock
hour24: Answer the hour in a 24-hour clock
meridianAbbreviation: Answer either #AM (for anti-meridian) or #PM (for post-meridian)
minute: Answer the minute
second: Answer the month represented by the receiver

1.60.6 DateTime: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation for the receiver on aStream

1.60.7 DateTime: splitting in dates & times

asDate: Answer a Date referring to the same day as the receiver
asTime: Answer a Time referring to the same time (from midnight) as the receiver
at: anIndex: Since in the past timestamps were referred to as Arrays containing a Date and a Time (in this order), this method provides access to DateTime objects like if they were two-element Arrays.

1.60.8 DateTime: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store on aStream Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.60.9 DateTime: testing

< aDateTime: Answer whether the receiver indicates a date preceding aDate
= aDateTime: Answer whether the receiver indicates the same date as aDate
hash: Answer an hash value for the receievr

1.60.10 DateTime: time zones

asLocal: Answer the receiver, since DateTime objects store themselves in Local time
asUTC: Convert the receiver to UTC time, and answer a new DateTime object.
offset: Answer the receiver’s offset from UTC to local time (e.g. +3600 seconds for Central Europe Time, -3600*6 seconds for Eastern Standard Time). The offset is expressed as a Duration
offset: anOffset: Answer a copy of the receiver with the offset from UTC to local time changed to anOffset (a Duration).
timeZoneAbbreviation: Answer an abbreviated indication of the receiver’s offset, expressed as ‘shhmm’, where ‘hh’ is the number of hours and ‘mm’ is the number of minutes between UTC and local time, and ‘s’ can be ‘+’ for the Eastern hemisphere and ‘-’ for the Western hemisphere.
timeZoneName: Answer the time zone name for the receiver (currently, it is simply ‘GMT +xxxx’, where ‘xxxx’ is the receiver’s #timeZoneAbbreviation).

1.61 DeferredVariableBinding

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LookupKey
Category: Language-Data types: I represent a binding to a variable that is not tied to a particular dictionary until the first access. Then, lookup rules for global variables in the scope of a given class are used.

1.61.1 DeferredVariableBinding class: basic

key: aSymbol class: aClass defaultDictionary: aDictionary: Answer a binding that will look up aSymbol as a variable in aClass’s environment at first access. See #resolveBinding’s comment for aDictionary’s meaning.
path: anArray class: aClass defaultDictionary: aDictionary: As with #key:class:defaultDictionary:, but accepting an array of symbols, representing a namespace path, instead.

1.61.2 DeferredVariableBinding: basic

path: Answer the path followed after resolving the first key.
value: Answer a new instance of the receiver with the given key and value
value: anObject: Answer a new instance of the receiver with the given key and value

1.61.3 DeferredVariableBinding: storing

printOn: aStream: Put on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver
storeOn: aStream: Put on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.62 Delay

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Kernel-Processes: I am the ultimate agent for frustration in the world. I cause things to wait (sometimes much more than is appropriate, but it is those losing operating systems’ fault). When a process sends one of my instances a wait message, that process goes to sleep for the interval specified when the instance was created.

1.62.1 Delay class: instance creation

forMilliseconds: millisecondCount: Answer a Delay waiting for millisecondCount milliseconds
forNanoseconds: nanosecondCount: Answer a Delay waiting for nanosecondCount nanoseconds
forSeconds: secondCount: Answer a Delay waiting for secondCount seconds
untilMilliseconds: millisecondCount: Answer a Delay waiting until millisecondCount milliseconds after startup
untilNanoseconds: nanosecondCount: Answer a Delay waiting until nanosecondCount nanoseconds after startup

1.62.2 Delay class: still unclassified

update: aspect: Prime the timer event loop when the image starts running.

1.62.3 Delay class: timer process

activeDelay: Return the delay at the head of the queue.
handleDelayRequestor: Handle a timer event; which can be either: - a schedule or unschedule request (DelayRequestor notNil) - a timer signal (not explicitly specified) We check for timer expiry every time we get a signal.
runDelayProcess: Run the timer event loop.
scheduleDelay: aDelay: Private - Schedule this Delay. Run in the timer process, which is the only one that manipulates Queue.
startDelayLoop: Start the timer event loop.
unscheduleDelay: aDelay: Private - Unschedule this Delay. Run in the timer process, which is the only one that manipulates Queue.

1.62.4 Delay: accessing

asAbsolute: Answer a delay that waits until the current delay’s resumptionTime, or delayDuration milliseconds from now if that would be nil. May answer the receiver if it is already waiting until an absolute time.
delayDuration: Answer the time I have left to wait, in milliseconds.
isAbsolute: Answer whether the receiver waits until an absolute time on the millisecond clock.
resumptionTime: Answer ‘resumptionTime’.

1.62.5 Delay: comparing

= aDelay: Answer whether the receiver and aDelay denote the same delay
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.62.6 Delay: copying

postCopy: Adjust the current delay so that it behaves as if it had just been created.

1.62.7 Delay: delaying

timedWaitOn: aSemaphore: Schedule this Delay and wait on it. The current process will be suspended for the amount of time specified when this Delay was created, or until aSemaphore is signaled.
wait: Schedule this Delay and wait on it. The current process will be suspended for the amount of time specified when this Delay was created.

1.62.8 Delay: initialization

initForNanoseconds: value: Initialize a Delay waiting for millisecondCount milliseconds

1.62.9 Delay: instance creation

initUntilNanoseconds: value: Initialize a Delay waiting for millisecondCount milliseconds after startup

1.62.10 Delay: testing

isActive: Answer whether this Delay is being waited on.

1.62.11 Delay: timeout

value: aBlock onTimeoutDo: aTimeoutBlock: Execute aBlock for up to the time of my own delay; in case the code did not finish abort the execution, unwind the block and then evaluate aTimeoutBlock.

1.63 DelayedAdaptor

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: PluggableAdaptor
Category: Language-Data types: I can be used where many expensive updates must be performed. My instances buffer the last value that was set, and only actually set the value when the #trigger message is sent. Apart from this, I’m equivalent to PluggableAdaptor.

1.63.1 DelayedAdaptor: accessing

trigger: Really set the value of the receiver.
value: Get the value of the receiver.
value: anObject: Set the value of the receiver - actually, the value is cached and is not set until the #trigger method is sent.

1.64 Dictionary

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: HashedCollection

Category: Collections-Keyed

I implement a dictionary, which is an object that is indexed by unique objects (typcially instances of Symbol), and associates another object with that index. I use the equality operator = to determine equality of indices.

In almost all places where you would use a plain Dictionary, a LookupTable would be more efficient; see LookupTable’s comment before you use it. I do have a couple of special features that are useful in certain special cases.

1.64.1 Dictionary class: instance creation

from: anArray: Answer a new dictionary created from the keys and values of Associations in anArray, such as {1 -> 2. 3 -> 4}. anArray should be specified using brace-syntax.
new: Create a new dictionary with a default size

1.64.2 Dictionary: accessing

add: newObject: Add the newObject association to the receiver
addAll: aCollection: Adds all the elements of ’aCollection’ to the receiver, answer aCollection
associationAt: key: Answer the key/value Association for the given key. Fail if the key is not found
associationAt: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the key/value Association for the given key. Evaluate aBlock (answering the result) if the key is not found
associations: Returns the content of a Dictionary as a Set of Associations.
at: key: Answer the value associated to the given key. Fail if the key is not found
at: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the value associated to the given key, or the result of evaluating aBlock if the key is not found
at: aKey ifAbsentPut: aBlock: Answer the value associated to the given key. If the key is not found, evaluate aBlock and associate the result to aKey before returning.
at: aKey ifPresent: aBlock: If aKey is absent, answer nil. Else, evaluate aBlock passing the associated value and answer the result of the invocation
at: key put: value: Store value as associated to the given key
atAll: keyCollection: Answer a Dictionary that only includes the given keys. Fail if any of them is not found
keyAtValue: value: Answer the key associated to the given value, or nil if the value is not found
keyAtValue: value ifAbsent: exceptionBlock: Answer the key associated to the given value. Evaluate exceptionBlock (answering the result) if the value is not found. IMPORTANT: == is used to compare values
keys: Answer a kind of Set containing the keys of the receiver
values: Answer an Array containing the values of the receiver

1.64.3 Dictionary: awful ST-80 compatibility hacks

findKeyIndex: key: Tries to see if key exists as a the key of an indexed variable. As soon as nil or an association with the correct key is found, the index of that slot is answered

1.64.4 Dictionary: compilation

scopeDictionary: Answer the dictionary that is used when the receiver is before a period in Smalltalk source code.

1.64.5 Dictionary: dictionary enumerating

associationsDo: aBlock: Pass each association in the dictionary to aBlock
collect: aBlock: Answer a new dictionary where the keys are the same and the values are obtained by passing each value to aBlock and collecting the return values
do: aBlock: Pass each value in the dictionary to aBlock
keysAndValuesDo: aBlock: Pass each key/value pair in the dictionary as two distinct parameters to aBlock
keysDo: aBlock: Pass each key in the dictionary to aBlock
reject: aBlock: Answer a new dictionary containing the key/value pairs for which aBlock returns false. aBlock only receives the value part of the pairs.
select: aBlock: Answer a new dictionary containing the key/value pairs for which aBlock returns true. aBlock only receives the value part of the pairs.

1.64.6 Dictionary: dictionary removing

remove: anAssociation: Remove anAssociation’s key from the dictionary
remove: anAssociation ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove anAssociation’s key from the dictionary
removeAllKeys: keys: Remove all the keys in keys, without raising any errors
removeAllKeys: keys ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove all the keys in keys, passing the missing keys as parameters to aBlock as they’re encountered
removeKey: key: Remove the passed key from the dictionary, fail if it is not found
removeKey: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove the passed key from the dictionary, answer the result of evaluating aBlock if it is not found

1.64.7 Dictionary: dictionary testing

includes: anObject: Answer whether the receiver contains anObject as one of its values
includesAssociation: anAssociation: Answer whether the receiver contains the key which is anAssociation’s key and its value is anAssociation’s value
includesKey: key: Answer whether the receiver contains the given key
occurrencesOf: aValue: Answer whether the number of occurrences of aValue as one of the receiver’s values

1.64.8 Dictionary: namespace protocol

allSuperspaces: Answer all the receiver’s superspaces in a collection
allSuperspacesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each of the receiver’s superspaces (which is none for BindingDictionary).
definedKeys: Answer a kind of Set containing the keys of the receiver
definesKey: key: Answer whether the receiver defines the given key. ‘Defines’ means that the receiver’s superspaces, if any, are not considered.
hereAssociationAt: key: Return the association for the variable named as specified by ‘key’ *in this namespace*. If the key is not found search will *not* be carried on in superspaces and the method will fail.
hereAssociationAt: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Return the association for the variable named as specified by ‘key’ *in this namespace*. If the key is not found search will *not* be carried on in superspaces and aBlock will be immediately evaluated.
hereAt: key: Return the value associated to the variable named as specified by ‘key’ *in this namespace*. If the key is not found search will *not* be carried on in superspaces and the method will fail.
hereAt: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Return the value associated to the variable named as specified by ‘key’ *in this namespace*. If the key is not found search will *not* be carried on in superspaces and aBlock will be immediately evaluated.
inheritsFrom: aNamespace: Answer whether aNamespace is one of the receiver’s direct and indirect superspaces
superspace: Answer the receiver’s superspace, which is nil for BindingDictionary.
withAllSuperspaces: Answer the receiver and all of its superspaces in a collection, which is none for BindingDictionary
withAllSuperspacesDo: aBlock: Invokes aBlock for the receiver and all superspaces, both direct and indirect (though a BindingDictionary does not have any).

1.64.9 Dictionary: printing

examineOn: aStream: Print all the instance variables and objects in the receiver on aStream
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream

1.64.10 Dictionary: rehashing

rehash: Rehash the receiver

1.64.11 Dictionary: removing

removeAllKeysSuchThat: aBlock: Remove from the receiver all keys for which aBlock returns true.

1.64.12 Dictionary: storing

storeOn: aStream: Print Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.64.13 Dictionary: testing

= aDictionary: Answer whether the receiver and aDictionary are equal
hash: Answer the hash value for the receiver

1.65 DirectedMessage

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Message
Category: Language-Implementation: I represent a message send: I contain the receiver, selector and arguments for a message.

1.65.1 DirectedMessage class: creating instances

receiver: anObject selector: aSymbol: Create a new instance of the receiver
receiver: receiverObject selector: aSymbol argument: argumentObject: Create a new instance of the receiver
receiver: anObject selector: aSymbol arguments: anArray: Create a new instance of the receiver
selector: aSymbol arguments: anArray: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
selector: aSymbol arguments: anArray receiver: anObject: Create a new instance of the receiver

1.65.2 DirectedMessage: accessing

receiver: Answer the receiver
receiver: anObject: Change the receiver

1.65.3 DirectedMessage: basic

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream
send: Send the message
value: Send the message (this message provides interoperability between DirectedMessages and blocks)
value: anObject: Send the message with the sole argument anObject (this message provides interoperability between DirectedMessages and blocks)
value: obj1 value: obj2: Send the message with the arguments obj1 and obj2 (this message provides interoperability between DirectedMessages and blocks)
valueWithArguments: anArray: Send the message with the arguments replaced by anArray (this message provides interoperability between DirectedMessages and blocks)

1.65.4 DirectedMessage: multiple process

fork: Create a new process executing the receiver and start it
forkAt: priority: Create a new process executing the receiver with given priority and start it
newProcess: Create a new process executing the receiver in suspended state. The priority is the same as for the calling process. The receiver must not contain returns

1.65.5 DirectedMessage: saving and loading

reconstructOriginalObject: This method is used when DirectedMessages are used together with PluggableProxies (see ObjectDumper). It sends the receiver to reconstruct the object that was originally stored.

1.66 Directory

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Object

Category: Streams-Files

I am the counterpart of File in a tree-structured file system. I provide the notion of a current working directory and know several well-known places in the file system.

However, all navigation methods for directories are under FilePath or File for efficiency reasons. Refer to the manual of FilePath for information on how to use the instances returned by my class methods.

1.66.1 Directory class: file name management

append: fileName to: directory: Answer the name of a file named ‘fileName’ which resides in a directory named ‘directory’.
pathSeparator: Answer (as a Character) the character used to separate directory names
pathSeparatorString: Answer (in a String) the character used to separate directory names

1.66.2 Directory class: file operations

allFilesMatching: aPattern do: aBlock: Invoke #allFilesMatching:do: on the current working directory.
create: dirName: Create a directory named dirName and answer it.
createTemporary: prefix: Create an empty directory whose name starts with prefix and answer it.
working: Answer the current working directory, not following symlinks.
working: dirName: Change the current working directory to dirName.

1.66.3 Directory class: reading system defaults

execPrefix: Answer the path to GNU Smalltalk’s executable installation prefix
home: Answer the path to the user’s home directory
image: Answer the path to GNU Smalltalk’s image file
kernel: Answer the path in which a local version of the GNU Smalltalk kernel’s Smalltalk source files were searched when the image was created.
libexec: Answer the path to GNU Smalltalk’s auxiliary executables
localKernel: Answer the path to the GNU Smalltalk kernel’s Smalltalk source files. Same as ‘Directory kernel’ since GNU Smalltalk 3.0.
module: Answer the path to GNU Smalltalk’s dynamically loaded modules
prefix: Answer the path to GNU Smalltalk’s installation prefix
systemKernel: Answer the path to the installed Smalltalk kernel source files.
temporary: Answer the path in which temporary files can be created. This is read from the environment, and guessed if that fails.
userBase: Answer the base path under which file for user customization of GNU Smalltalk are stored.

1.67 DLD

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Object

Category: Language-C interface

...and Gandalf said: “Many folk like to know beforehand what is to be set on the table; but those who have laboured to prepare the feast like to keep their secret; for wonder makes the words of praise louder.”

I am just an ancillary class used to reference some C functions. Most of my actual functionality is used by redefinitions of methods in CFunctionDescriptor.

1.67.1 DLD class: C call-outs

defineCFunc: aName as: aFuncAddr: Register aFuncAddr as the target for cCalls to aName.

1.67.2 DLD class: dynamic linking

addLibrary: library: Add library to the search path of libraries to be used by DLD.
addLibraryHandle: libraryHandle: This is called internally by gst_dlopen. The library will be open and put in the search path.
addModule: library: Add library to the list of modules to be loaded when the image is started. The gst_initModule function in the library is called, but the library will not be put in the search path used whenever a C function is requested but not registered.
defineExternFunc: aFuncName: This method calls #primDefineExternFunc: to try to link to a function with the given name, and answers whether the linkage was successful. You can redefine this method to restrict the ability to do dynamic linking.
initialize: Private - Initialize the receiver’s class variables
libraryList: Answer a copy of the search path of libraries to be used by DLD
moduleList: Answer a copy of the modules reloaded when the image is started
primDefineExternFunc: aFuncName: This method tries to link to a function with the given name, and answers whether the linkage was successful. It should not be overridden.
update: aspect: Called on startup - Make DLD re-link and reset the addresses of all the externally defined functions

1.68 DumperProxy

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Streams-Files: I am an helper class for ObjectDumper. When an object cannot be saved in the standard way, you can register a subclass of me to provide special means to save that object.

1.68.1 DumperProxy class: accessing

acceptUsageForClass: aClass: The receiver was asked to be used as a proxy for the class aClass. Answer whether the registration is fine. By default, answer true
loadFrom: anObjectDumper: Reload a proxy stored in anObjectDumper and reconstruct the object

1.68.2 DumperProxy class: instance creation

on: anObject: Answer a proxy to be used to save anObject. This method MUST be overridden and anObject must NOT be stored in the object’s instance variables unless you override #dumpTo:, because that would result in an infinite loop!

1.68.3 DumperProxy: saving and restoring

dumpTo: anObjectDumper: Dump the proxy to anObjectDumper – the #loadFrom: class method will reconstruct the original object.
object: Reconstruct the object stored in the proxy and answer it

1.69 Duration

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Time
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent differences between timestamps.

1.69.1 Duration class: instance creation

days: d: Answer a duration of ‘d’ days
days: d hours: h minutes: m seconds: s: Answer a duration of ‘d’ days and the given number of hours, minutes, and seconds.
initialize: Initialize the receiver’s instance variables
milliseconds: msec: Answer a duration of ‘msec’ milliseconds
readFrom: aStream: Parse an instance of the receiver (hours/minutes/seconds) from aStream
weeks: w: Answer a duration of ‘w’ weeks
zero: Answer a duration of zero seconds.

1.69.2 Duration class: instance creation (non ANSI)

fromDays: days seconds: secs offset: unused: Answer a duration of ‘d’ days and ‘secs’ seconds. The last parameter is unused; this message is available for interoperability with the DateTime class.

1.69.3 Duration: arithmetics

* factor: Answer a Duration that is ‘factor’ times longer than the receiver
+ aDuration: Answer a Duration that is the sum of the receiver and aDuration’s lengths.
- aDuration: Answer a Duration that is the difference of the receiver and aDuration’s lengths.
/ factorOrDuration: If the parameter is a Duration, answer the ratio between the receiver and factorOrDuration. Else divide the receiver by factorOrDuration (a Number) and answer a new Duration that is correspondingly shorter.
abs: Answer a Duration that is as long as the receiver, but always in the future.
days: Answer the number of days in the receiver
isZero: Answer whether the receiver correspond to a duration of zero seconds.
negated: Answer a Duration that is as long as the receiver, but with past and future exchanged.
negative: Answer whether the receiver is in the past.
positive: Answer whether the receiver is a zero-second duration or is in the future.
printOn: aStream: Print a represention of the receiver on aStream.

1.69.4 Duration: processes

wait: Answer a Delay waiting for the amount of time represented by the receiver and start waiting on it.

1.69.5 Duration: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store on aStream Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.70 DynamicVariable

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Object

Category: Language-Utilities

I am a variable that is visible only in the stackframes outgoing from this one. Do not use DynamicVariable directly, instead create a subclass for each variable you want to use.

You can override the #value class method, and call #valueIfAbsent: from there if you want the default value to be something else than nil.

1.70.1 DynamicVariable class: evaluating

use: anObject during: aBlock: Not commented.
value: Not commented.
valueIfAbsent: aBlock: Not commented.

1.71 Error

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Exception
Category: Language-Exceptions: Error represents a fatal error. Instances of it are not resumable.

1.71.1 Error: exception description

description: Answer a textual description of the exception.
isResumable: Answer false. Error exceptions are by default unresumable; subclasses can override this method if desired.

1.72 Exception

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Object

Category: Language-Exceptions

My instances describe an exception that has happened, and are passed to exception handlers. Classes describe the kind of exception.

Apart from containing information on the generated exception, my instances contain methods that allow you to resume execution, leave the #on:do:... block, and pass the exception to an handler with a lower priority.

1.72.1 Exception class: comparison

goodness: anExceptionClass: Answer how good the receiver is at handling the given exception. A negative value indicates that the receiver is not able to handle the exception.
handles: anException: Answer whether the receiver handles ‘anException’.

1.72.2 Exception class: creating ExceptionCollections

, aTrappableEvent: Answer an ExceptionCollection containing all the exceptions in the receiver and all the exceptions in aTrappableEvent

1.72.3 Exception class: instance creation

new: Create an instance of the receiver, which you will be able to signal later.
signal: Create an instance of the receiver, give it default attributes, and signal it immediately.
signal: messageText: Create an instance of the receiver, set its message text, and signal it immediately.

1.72.4 Exception class: interoperability with TrappableEvents

allExceptionsDo: aBlock: Private - Pass ourselves to aBlock

1.72.5 Exception: accessing

basicMessageText: Answer an exception’s message text. Do not override this method.
messageText: Answer an exception’s message text.
messageText: aString: Set an exception’s message text.
tag: Answer an exception’s tag value. If not specified, it is the same as the message text.
tag: anObject: Set an exception’s tag value. If nil, the tag value will be the same as the message text.

1.72.6 Exception: built ins

resignalAsUnhandled: message: This might start the debugger... Note that we use #basicPrint ’cause #printOn: might invoke an error.

1.72.7 Exception: comparison

= anObject: Answer whether the receiver is equal to anObject. This is true if either the receiver or its class are the same object as anObject.

1.72.8 Exception: copying

postCopy: Modify the receiver so that it does not refer to any instantiated exception handler.

1.72.9 Exception: exception description

defaultAction: Execute the default action that is attached to the receiver.
description: Answer a textual description of the exception.
isResumable: Answer true. Exceptions are by default resumable.

1.72.10 Exception: exception handling

context: Return the execution context for the #on:do: snippet
isNested: Answer whether the current exception handler is within the scope of another handler for the same exception.
outer: Raise the exception that instantiated the receiver, passing the same parameters. If the receiver is resumable and the evaluated exception action resumes then the result returned from #outer will be the resumption value of the evaluated exception action. If the receiver is not resumable or if the exception action does not resume then this message will not return, and #outer will be equivalent to #pass.
pass: Yield control to the enclosing exception action for the receiver. Similar to #outer, but control does not return to the currently active exception handler.
resignalAs: replacementException: Reinstate all handlers and execute the handler for ‘replacementException’; control does not return to the currently active exception handler. The new Signal object that is created has the same contents as the receiver (this might or not be correct – if it isn’t you can use an idiom such as ‘sig retryUsing: [ replacementException signal ])
resume: If the exception is resumable, resume the execution of the block that raised the exception; the method that was used to signal the exception will answer the receiver. Use this method IF AND ONLY IF you know who caused the exception and if it is possible to resume it in that particular case
resume: anObject: If the exception is resumable, resume the execution of the block that raised the exception; the method that was used to signal the exception will answer anObject. Use this method IF AND ONLY IF you know who caused the exception and if it is possible to resume it in that particular case
retry: Re-execute the receiver of the #on:do: message. All handlers are reinstated: watch out, this can easily cause an infinite loop.
retryUsing: aBlock: Execute aBlock reinstating all handlers, and return its result from the #signal method.
return: Exit the #on:do: snippet, answering nil to its caller.
return: anObject: Exit the #on:do: snippet, answering anObject to its caller.

1.72.11 Exception: exception signaling

signal: Raise the exceptional event represented by the receiver
signal: messageText: Raise the exceptional event represented by the receiver, setting its message text to messageText.

1.72.12 Exception: still unclassified

signalingContext: Return the execution context for the place that signaled the exception, or nil if it is not available anymore (for example if the exception handler has returned.

1.73 ExceptionSet

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Exceptions: My instances are not real exceptions: they can only be used as arguments to #on:do:... methods in BlockClosure. They act as shortcuts that allows you to use the same handler for many exceptions without having to write duplicate code

1.73.1 ExceptionSet class: instance creation

new: Private - Answer a new, empty ExceptionSet

1.73.2 ExceptionSet: enumerating

allExceptionsDo: aBlock: Private - Evaluate aBlock for every exception in the receiver. Answer the receiver
goodness: exception: Answer how good the receiver is at handling the given exception. A negative value indicates that the receiver is not able to handle the exception.
handles: exception: Answer whether the receiver handles ‘exception’.

1.73.3 ExceptionSet: instance creation

, aTrappableEvent: Answer an ExceptionSet containing all the exceptions in the receiver and all the exceptions in aTrappableEvent

1.74 False

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Boolean
Category: Language-Data types: I always tell lies. I have a single instance in the system, which represents the value false.

1.74.1 False: basic

& aBoolean: We are false – anded with anything, we always answer false
and: aBlock: We are false – anded with anything, we always answer false
eqv: aBoolean: Answer whether the receiver and aBoolean represent the same boolean value
ifFalse: falseBlock: We are false – evaluate the falseBlock
ifFalse: falseBlock ifTrue: trueBlock: We are false – evaluate the falseBlock
ifTrue: trueBlock: We are false – answer nil
ifTrue: trueBlock ifFalse: falseBlock: We are false – evaluate the falseBlock
not: We are false – answer true
or: aBlock: We are false – ored with anything, we always answer the other operand, so evaluate aBlock
xor: aBoolean: Answer whether the receiver and aBoolean represent different boolean values
| aBoolean: We are false – ored with anything, we always answer the other operand

1.74.2 False: C hacks

asCBooleanValue: Answer ‘0’.

1.74.3 False: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream

1.75 File

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: FilePath
Category: Streams-Files: I enable access to the properties of files that are on disk.

• File class-C functions:		(class)
• File class-file operations:		(class)
• File class-initialization:		(class)
• File class-instance creation:		(class)
• File class-reading system defaults:		(class)
• File class-testing:		(class)
• File-accessing:		(instance)
• File-basic:		(instance)
• File-directory operations:		(instance)
• File-file name management:		(instance)
• File-file operations:		(instance)
• File-still unclassified:		(instance)
• File-testing:		(instance)

1.75.1 File class: C functions

errno: Answer the current value of C errno.
stringError: errno: Answer C strerror’s result for errno.

1.75.2 File class: file operations

checkError: Return whether an error had been reported or not. If there had been one, raise an exception too
checkError: errno: The error with the C code ‘errno’ has been reported. If errno >= 1, raise an exception
remove: fileName: Remove the file with the given path name
rename: oldFileName to: newFileName: Rename the file with the given path name oldFileName to newFileName
symlink: srcName as: destName: Create a symlink for the srcName file with the given path name
symlink: destName from: srcName: Create a symlink named destName file from the given path (relative to destName)
touch: fileName: Update the timestamp of the file with the given path name.

1.75.3 File class: initialization

initialize: Initialize the receiver’s class variables

1.75.4 File class: instance creation

name: aName: Answer a new file with the given path. The path is turned into an absolute path.
path: aString: Answer a new file with the given path. The path is not validated until some of the fields of the newly created objects are accessed

1.75.5 File class: reading system defaults

executable: Answer the full path to the executable being run.
image: Answer the full path to the image being used.

1.75.6 File class: testing

exists: fileName: Answer whether a file with the given name exists
isAccessible: fileName: Answer whether a directory with the given name exists and can be accessed
isExecutable: fileName: Answer whether a file with the given name exists and can be executed
isReadable: fileName: Answer whether a file with the given name exists and is readable
isWriteable: fileName: Answer whether a file with the given name exists and is writeable

1.75.7 File: accessing

asString: Answer the name of the file identified by the receiver
at: aString: Answer a File or Directory object as appropriate for a file named ’aName’ in the directory represented by the receiver.
creationTime: Answer the creation time of the file identified by the receiver. On some operating systems, this could actually be the last change time (the ‘last change time’ has to do with permissions, ownership and the like).
isDirectory: Answer whether the file is a directory.
isSocket: Answer whether the file is an AF_UNIX socket.
isSymbolicLink: Answer whether the file is a symbolic link.
lastAccessTime: Answer the last access time of the file identified by the receiver
lastChangeTime: Answer the last change time of the file identified by the receiver (the ‘last change time’ has to do with permissions, ownership and the like). On some operating systems, this could actually be the file creation time.
lastModifyTime: Answer the last modify time of the file identified by the receiver (the ‘last modify time’ has to do with the actual file contents).
mode: Answer the permission bits for the file identified by the receiver
mode: anInteger: Set the permission bits for the file identified by the receiver to be anInteger.
name: Answer the name of the file identified by the receiver
pathTo: destName: Compute the relative path from the receiver to destName.
refresh: Refresh the statistics for the receiver
size: Answer the size of the file identified by the receiver

1.75.8 File: basic

= aFile: Answer whether the receiver represents the same file as the receiver.
hash: Answer a hash value for the receiver.

1.75.9 File: directory operations

createDirectory: Create the receiver as a directory.
namesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each file in the directory represented by the receiver, passing its name. aBlock should not return.

1.75.10 File: file name management

full: Answer the full name of the receiver, resolving the ‘.’ and ‘..’ directory entries, and answer the result. Answer nil if the name is invalid (such as ’/usr/../../badname’)

1.75.11 File: file operations

lastAccessTime: accessDateTime lastModifyTime: modifyDateTime: Set the receiver’s timestamps to be accessDateTime and modifyDateTime.
open: class mode: mode ifFail: aBlock: Open the receiver in the given mode (as answered by FileStream’s class constant methods)
owner: ownerString group: groupString: Set the receiver’s owner and group to be ownerString and groupString.
pathFrom: dir: Compute the relative path from the directory dirName to the receiver
remove: Remove the file with the given path name
renameTo: newFileName: Rename the file with the given path name to newFileName
symlinkAs: destName: Create destName as a symbolic link of the receiver. The appropriate relative path is computed automatically.
symlinkFrom: srcName: Create the receiver as a symlink from path destName

1.75.12 File: still unclassified

, aName: Answer an object of the same kind as the receiver, whose name is suffixed with aName.

1.75.13 File: testing

exists: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist.
isAbsolute: Answer whether the receiver identifies an absolute path.
isAccessible: Answer whether a directory with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is accessible
isExecutable: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is executable
isFileSystemPath: Answer whether the receiver corresponds to a real filesystem path.
isReadable: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is readable
isWriteable: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is writeable

1.76 FileDescriptor

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Stream
Category: Streams-Files: My instances are what conventional programmers think of as files. My instance creation methods accept the name of a disk file (or any named file object, such as /dev/rmt0 on UNIX or MTA0: on VMS). In addition, they accept a virtual filesystem path like ‘configure.gz#ugz’ which can be used to transparently extract or decompress files from archives, or do arbitrary processing on the files.

1.76.1 FileDescriptor class: initialization

initialize: Initialize the receiver’s class variables
update: aspect: Close open files before quitting

1.76.2 FileDescriptor class: instance creation

append

Open for writing. The file is created if it does not exist. The stream is positioned at the end of the file.

create

Open for reading and writing. The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.

fopen: fileName mode: fileMode

Open fileName in the required mode - answered by #append, #create, #readWrite, #read or #write - and fail if the file cannot be opened. Else answer a new FileStream. For mode anyway you can use any standard C non-binary fopen mode. The file will be automatically closed upon GC if the object is not referenced anymore, but it is better to close it as soon as you’re finished with it anyway, using #close. To keep a file open even when no references exist anymore, send it #removeToBeFinalized

fopen: fileName mode: fileMode ifFail: aBlock

Open fileName in the required mode - answered by #append, #create, #readWrite, #read or #write - and evaluate aBlock if the file cannot be opened. Else answer a new FileStream. For mode anyway you can use any The file will be automatically closed upon GC if the object is not referenced anymore, but it is better to close it as soon as you’re finished with it anyway, using #close. To keep a file open even when no references exist anymore, send it #removeToBeFinalized

on: fd

Open a FileDescriptor on the given file descriptor. Read-write access is assumed.

open: fileName

Open fileName in read-write mode - fail if the file cannot be opened. Else answer a new FileStream. The file will be automatically closed upon GC if the object is not referenced anymore, but you should close it with #close anyway. To keep a file open, send it #removeToBeFinalized

open: fileName mode: fileMode ifFail: aBlock

Open fileName in the required mode - answered by #append, #create, #readWrite, #read or #write - and evaluate aBlock if the file cannot be opened. Else answer a new instance of the receiver. For mode anyway you can use any standard C non-binary fopen mode. fileName can be a ‘virtual filesystem’ path, including URLs and ’#’ suffixes that are inspected by the virtual filesystem layers and replaced with tasks such as un-gzipping a file or extracting a file from an archive.

The file will be automatically closed upon GC if the object is not referenced anymore, but it is better to close it as soon as you’re finished with it anyway, using #close. To keep a file open even when no references exist anymore, send it #removeToBeFinalized

openTemporaryFile: baseName

Open for writing a file whose name starts with baseName, followed by six random alphanumeric characters. The file is created with mode read/write and permissions 0666 or 0600 on most recent operating systems (beware, the former behavior might constitute a security problem). The file is opened with the O_EXCL flag, guaranteeing that when the method returns successfully we are the only user.

popen: commandName dir: direction

Open a pipe on the given command and fail if the file cannot be opened. Else answer a new FileStream. The pipe will not be automatically closed upon GC, even if the object is not referenced anymore, because when you close a pipe you have to wait for the associated process to terminate. direction is returned by #read or #write (’r’ or ’w’) and is interpreted from the point of view of Smalltalk: reading means Smalltalk reads the standard output of the command, writing means Smalltalk writes the standard input of the command. The other channel (stdin when reading, stdout when writing) is the same as GST’s, unless commandName alters it.

popen: commandName dir: direction ifFail: aBlock

Open a pipe on the given command and evaluate aBlock file cannot be opened. Else answer a new FileStream. The pipe will not be automatically closed upon GC, even if the object is not referenced anymore, because when you close a pipe you have to wait for the associated process to terminate. direction is interpreted from the point of view of Smalltalk: reading means that Smalltalk reads the standard output of the command, writing means that Smalltalk writes the standard input of the command

read

Open text file for reading. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.

readWrite

Open for reading and writing. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.

write

Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.

1.76.3 FileDescriptor class: still unclassified

open: fileName mode: fileMode

Open fileName in the required mode - answered by #append, #create, #readWrite, #read or #write - and fail if the file cannot be opened. Else answer a new FileStream. For mode anyway you can use any standard C non-binary fopen mode. fileName can be a ‘virtual filesystem’ path, including URLs and ’#’ suffixes that are inspected by the virtual filesystem layers and replaced with tasks such as un-gzipping a file or extracting a file from an archive.

1.76.4 FileDescriptor: accessing

canRead: Answer whether the file is open and we can read from it
canWrite: Answer whether the file is open and we can write from it
ensureReadable: If the file is open, wait until data can be read from it. The wait allows other Processes to run.
ensureWriteable: If the file is open, wait until we can write to it. The wait allows other Processes to run.
exceptionalCondition: Answer whether the file is open and an exceptional condition (such as presence of out of band data) has occurred on it
fd: Return the OS file descriptor of the file
file: Return the name of the file
isOpen: Answer whether the file is still open
isPeerAlive: Present for compatibility with sockets. For files, it answers whether the file is still open
isPipe: Answer whether the file is a pipe or an actual disk file
name: Return the name of the file
waitForException: If the file is open, wait until an exceptional condition (such as presence of out of band data) has occurred on it. The wait allows other Processes to run.

1.76.5 FileDescriptor: basic

checkError: Perform error checking. By default, we call File class>>#checkError.
close: Close the file
contents: Answer the whole contents of the file
copyFrom: from to: to: Answer the contents of the file between the two given positions
finalize: Close the file if it is still open by the time the object becomes garbage.
invalidate: Invalidate a file descriptor
next: Return the next character in the file, or nil at eof
nextByte: Return the next byte in the file, or nil at eof
nextPut: aCharacter: Store aCharacter on the file
nextPutByte: anInteger: Store the byte, anInteger, on the file
nextPutByteArray: aByteArray: Store aByteArray on the file
peek: Returns the next element of the stream without moving the pointer. Returns nil when at end of stream.
peekFor: anObject: Returns whether the next element of the stream is equal to anObject, without moving the pointer if it is not.
position: Answer the zero-based position from the start of the file
position: n: Set the file pointer to the zero-based position n
reset: Reset the stream to its beginning
shutdown: Close the transmission side of a full-duplex connection. This is useful on read-write pipes.
size: Return the current size of the file, in bytes
truncate: Truncate the file at the current position

1.76.6 FileDescriptor: binary I/O

nextByteArray: numBytes: Return the next numBytes bytes in the byte array
nextDouble: Return the next 64-bit float in the byte array
nextFloat: Return the next 32-bit float in the byte array
nextLong: Return the next 4 bytes in the byte array, interpreted as a 32 bit signed int
nextLongLong: Return the next 8 bytes in the byte array, interpreted as a 64 bit signed int
nextPutDouble: aDouble: Store aDouble as a 64-bit float in the byte array
nextPutFloat: aFloat: Return the next 32-bit float in the byte array
nextPutInt64: anInteger: Store anInteger (range: -2^63..2^64-1) on the byte array as 8 bytes
nextPutLong: anInteger: Store anInteger (range: -2^31..2^32-1) on the byte array as 4 bytes
nextPutShort: anInteger: Store anInteger (range: -32768..65535) on the byte array as 2 bytes
nextShort: Return the next 2 bytes in the byte array, interpreted as a 16 bit signed int
nextSignedByte: Return the next byte in the byte array, interpreted as a 8 bit signed number
nextUint64: Return the next 8 bytes in the byte array, interpreted as a 64 bit unsigned int
nextUlong: Return the next 4 bytes in the byte array, interpreted as a 32 bit unsigned int
nextUshort: Return the next 2 bytes in the byte array, interpreted as a 16 bit unsigned int

1.76.7 FileDescriptor: built ins

fileIn: File in the contents of the receiver. During a file in operation, global variables (starting with an uppercase letter) that are not declared don’t yield an ‘unknown variable’ error. Instead, they are defined as nil in the ‘Undeclared’ dictionary (a global variable residing in Smalltalk). As soon as you add the variable to a namespace (for example by creating a class) the Association will be removed from Undeclared and reused in the namespace, so that the old references will automagically point to the new value.
fileOp: ioFuncIndex: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams
fileOp: ioFuncIndex ifFail: aBlock: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams.
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 ifFail: aBlock: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams.
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 with: arg2: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 with: arg2 ifFail: aBlock: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams.
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 with: arg2 with: arg3: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 with: arg2 with: arg3 ifFail: aBlock: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams.
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 with: arg2 with: arg3 with: arg4: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams
fileOp: ioFuncIndex with: arg1 with: arg2 with: arg3 with: arg4 ifFail: aBlock: Private - Used to limit the number of primitives used by FileStreams.

1.76.8 FileDescriptor: class type methods

isBinary: We answer characters, so answer false
isExternalStream: We stream on an external entity (a file), so answer true
isText: We answer characters, so answer true

1.76.9 FileDescriptor: initialize-release

addToBeFinalized: Add me to the list of open files.
initialize: Initialize the receiver’s instance variables
readStream: Answer myself, or an alternate stream coerced for reading.
removeToBeFinalized: Remove me from the list of open files.

1.76.10 FileDescriptor: low-level access

next: n putAll: aCollection startingAt: position: Put the characters in the supplied range of aCollection in the file
nextAvailable: n into: aCollection startingAt: position: Ignoring any buffering, try to fill the given range of aCollection with the contents of the file

1.76.11 FileDescriptor: overriding inherited methods

isEmpty: Answer whether the receiver is empty
nextPutAllOn: aStream: Put all the characters of the receiver in aStream.
reverseContents: Return the contents of the file from the last byte to the first
setToEnd: Reset the file pointer to the end of the file
skip: anInteger: Skip anInteger bytes in the file

1.76.12 FileDescriptor: polymorphism

pastEnd: The end of the stream has been reached. Signal a Notification.

1.76.13 FileDescriptor: positioning

isPositionable: Answer true if the stream supports moving backwards with #skip:.

1.76.14 FileDescriptor: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream

1.76.15 FileDescriptor: testing

atEnd: Answer whether data has come to an end

1.77 FilePath

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Streams-Files: I expose the syntax of file names, including paths. I know how to manipulate such a path by splitting it into its components. In addition, I expose information about files (both real and virtual) such as their size and timestamps.

• FilePath class-file name management:		(class)
• FilePath class-still unclassified:		(class)
• FilePath-accessing:		(instance)
• FilePath-converting:		(instance)
• FilePath-decoration:		(instance)
• FilePath-directory operations:		(instance)
• FilePath-enumerating:		(instance)
• FilePath-file name management:		(instance)
• FilePath-file operations:		(instance)
• FilePath-printing:		(instance)
• FilePath-still unclassified:		(instance)
• FilePath-testing:		(instance)
• FilePath-virtual filesystems:		(instance)

1.77.1 FilePath class: file name management

append: fileName to: directory: Answer the name of a file named ‘fileName’ which resides in a directory named ‘directory’.
extensionFor: aString: Answer the extension of a file named ‘aString’. Note: the extension includes an initial dot.
fullNameFor: aString: Answer the full path to a file called ‘aString’, resolving the ‘.’ and ‘..’ directory entries, and answer the result. ‘/..’ is the same as ’/’.
pathFor: aString: Determine the path of the name of a file called ‘aString’, and answer the result. With the exception of the root directory, the final slash is stripped.
pathFor: aString ifNone: aBlock: Determine the path of the name of a file called ‘aString’, and answer the result. With the exception of the root directory, the final slash is stripped. If there is no path, evaluate aBlock and return the result.
pathFrom: srcName to: destName: Answer the relative path to destName when the current directory is srcName’s directory.
stripExtensionFrom: aString: Remove the extension from the name of a file called ‘aString’, and answer the result.
stripFileNameFor: aString: Determine the path of the name of a file called ‘aString’, and answer the result as a directory name including the final slash.
stripPathFrom: aString: Remove the path from the name of a file called ‘aString’, and answer the file name plus extension.

1.77.2 FilePath class: still unclassified

isAbsolute: aString: Answer whether aString is an absolute ptah.

1.77.3 FilePath: accessing

at: aName: Answer a File or Directory object as appropriate for a file named ’aName’ in the directory represented by the receiver.
creationTime: Answer the creation time of the file identified by the receiver. On some operating systems, this could actually be the last change time (the ‘last change time’ has to do with permissions, ownership and the like).
group: aString: Set the group of the file identified by the receiver to be aString.
includes: aName: Answer whether a file named ‘aName’ exists in the directory represented by the receiver.
lastAccessTime: Answer the last access time of the file identified by the receiver
lastAccessTime: aDateTime: Update the last access time of the file corresponding to the receiver, to be aDateTime.
lastAccessTime: accessDateTime lastModifyTime: modifyDateTime: Update the timestamps of the file corresponding to the receiver, to be accessDateTime and modifyDateTime.
lastChangeTime: Answer the last change time of the file identified by the receiver (the ‘last change time’ has to do with permissions, ownership and the like). On some operating systems, this could actually be the file creation time.
lastModifyTime: Answer the last modify time of the file identified by the receiver (the ‘last modify time’ has to do with the actual file contents).
lastModifyTime: aDateTime: Update the last modification timestamp of the file corresponding to the receiver, to be aDateTime.
mode: Answer the permission bits for the file identified by the receiver
mode: anInteger: Set the permission bits for the file identified by the receiver to be anInteger.
owner: aString: Set the owner of the file identified by the receiver to be aString.
owner: ownerString group: groupString: Set the owner and group of the file identified by the receiver to be aString.
pathTo: destName: Compute the relative path from the receiver to destName.
refresh: Refresh the statistics for the receiver
size: Answer the size of the file identified by the receiver

1.77.4 FilePath: converting

asFile: Answer the receiver.

1.77.5 FilePath: decoration

all: Return a decorator of the receiver that will provide recursive descent into directories for iteration methods. Furthermore, iteration on the returned wrapper will not include ’.’ or ’..’ directory entries, and will include the receiver (directly, not via ’.’).

1.77.6 FilePath: directory operations

createDirectories: Create the receiver as a directory, together with all its parents.
createDirectory: Create the receiver as a directory, together with all its parents.
nameAt: aName: Answer a FilePath for a file named ‘aName’ residing in the directory represented by the receiver.

1.77.7 FilePath: enumerating

allFilesMatching: aPattern do: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock on the File objects that match aPattern (according to String>>#match:) in the directory named by the receiver. Recursively descend into directories.
directories: Answer an Array with Directory objects for the subdirectories of the directory represented by the receiver.
do: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each file in the directory represented by the receiver, passing a FilePath object (or a subclass) to it. It depends on the subclass whether iteration will include the ’.’ and ’..’ directory entries.
entries: Answer an Array with File or Directory objects for the contents of the directory represented by the receiver.
entryNames: Answer an Array with the names of the files in the directory represented by the receiver.
files: Answer an Array with File objects for the contents of the directory represented by the receiver.
filesMatching: aPattern: Evaluate aBlock once for each file in the directory represented by the receiver, passing a File or Directory object to aBlock. Returns the *names* of the files for which aBlock returns true.
filesMatching: aPattern do: block: Evaluate block on the File objects that match aPattern (according to String>>#match:) in the directory named by the receiver.
namesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each file in the directory represented by the receiver, passing its name. It depends on the subclass whether iteration will include the ’.’ and ’..’ directory entries.
namesMatching: aPattern do: block: Evaluate block on the file names that match aPattern (according to String>>#match:) in the directory named by the receiver.
reject: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each file in the directory represented by the receiver, passing a File or Directory object to aBlock. Returns the *names* of the files for which aBlock returns true.
select: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each file in the directory represented by the receiver, passing a File or Directory object to aBlock. Returns the *names* of the files for which aBlock returns true.

1.77.8 FilePath: file name management

directory: Answer the Directory object for the receiver’s path
extension: Answer the extension of the receiver
full: Answer the full name of the receiver, resolving the ‘.’ and ‘..’ directory entries, and answer the result. Answer nil if the name is invalid (such as ’/usr/../../badname’)
fullName: Answer a String with the full path to the receiver (same as #name; it is useless to override this method).
name: Answer String with the full path to the receiver (same as #fullName).
parent: Answer the Directory object for the receiver’s path
path: Answer the path (if any) of the receiver
stripExtension: Answer the path (if any) and file name of the receiver
stripFileName: Answer the path of the receiver, always including a directory name (possibly ‘.’) and the final directory separator
stripPath: Answer the file name and extension (if any) of the receiver

1.77.9 FilePath: file operations

contents: Open a read-only FileStream on the receiver, read its contents, close the stream and answer the contents
fileIn: File in the receiver
open: mode: Open the receiver in the given mode (as answered by FileStream’s class constant methods)
open: mode ifFail: aBlock: Open the receiver in the given mode (as answered by FileStream’s class constant methods). Upon failure, evaluate aBlock.
open: class mode: mode ifFail: aBlock: Open the receiver in the given mode (as answered by FileStream’s class constant methods)
openDescriptor: mode: Open the receiver in the given mode (as answered by FileStream’s class constant methods)
openDescriptor: mode ifFail: aBlock: Open the receiver in the given mode (as answered by FileStream’s class constant methods). Upon failure, evaluate aBlock.
pathFrom: dirName: Compute the relative path from the directory dirName to the receiver
readStream: Open a read-only FileStream on the receiver
remove: Remove the file identified by the receiver
renameTo: newName: Rename the file identified by the receiver to newName
symlinkAs: destName: Create destName as a symbolic link of the receiver. The appropriate relative path is computed automatically.
symlinkFrom: srcName: Create the receiver as a symbolic link from srcName (relative to the path of the receiver).
touch: Update the timestamp of the file corresponding to the receiver.
withReadStreamDo: aBlock: Answer the result of invoking aBlock with a reading stream open on me, closing it when the dynamic extent of aBlock ends.
withWriteStreamDo: aBlock: Answer the result of invoking aBlock with a writing stream open on me, closing it when the dynamic extent of aBlock ends.
writeStream: Open a write-only FileStream on the receiver

1.77.10 FilePath: printing

asString: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream.
displayOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream.
printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream.
withShellEscapes: Return the representation of the receiver with shell characters escaped.

1.77.11 FilePath: still unclassified

/ aName: Answer a File or Directory object as appropriate for a file named ’aName’ in the directory represented by the receiver.

1.77.12 FilePath: testing

exists: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist.
isAbsolute: Answer whether the receiver identifies an absolute path.
isAccessible: Answer whether a directory with the name contained in the receiver does exist and can be accessed
isDirectory: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and identifies a directory.
isExecutable: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is executable
isFile: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and does not identify a directory.
isFileSystemPath: Answer whether the receiver corresponds to a real filesystem path.
isReadable: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is readable
isRelative: Answer whether the receiver identifies a relative path.
isSymbolicLink: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and identifies a symbolic link.
isWriteable: Answer whether a file with the name contained in the receiver does exist and is writeable

1.77.13 FilePath: virtual filesystems

zip: Not commented.

1.78 FileSegment

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: My instances represent sections of files. I am primarily used by the compiler to record source code locations. I am not a part of the normal Smalltalk-80 kernel; I am specific to the GNU Smalltalk implementation.

1.78.1 FileSegment class: basic

on: aFile startingAt: startPos for: sizeInteger: Create a new FileSegment referring to the contents of the given file, from the startPos-th byte and for sizeInteger bytes. Note that FileSegments should always be created with full paths because relative paths are interpreted to be relative to the kernel directory.

1.78.2 FileSegment class: installing

relocate: Remove the kernel path from all paths that start with it. Needed to support $(DESTDIR) and relocatable installation.

1.78.3 FileSegment: basic

asString: Answer a String containing the required segment of the file
copyFrom: from to: to: Answer a String containing the given subsegment of the file. As for streams, from and to are 0-based.
file: Answer the File object for the file containing the segment
fileName: Answer the name of the file containing the segment
filePos: Answer the position in the file where the segment starts
relocateFrom: startPath map: map: If the path starts with startPath, remove that part of the path. map is a Dictionary that is used so that equal filenames stay equal, without increasing the amount of memory that the image uses.
size: Answer the length of the segment
withFileDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock passing it the FileStream in which the segment identified by the receiver is stored

1.78.4 FileSegment: equality

= aFileSegment: Answer whether the receiver and aFileSegment are equal.
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver.

1.78.5 FileSegment: printing

printedFileName: Answer a printed representation of the file containing the segment. While introducing some ambiguity, this representation is compact eliminates the path for kernel files, and produces a relative path from the current working directory for other files.

1.79 FileStream

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: FileDescriptor
Category: Streams-Files: My instances are what conventional programmers think of as files. My instance creation methods accept the name of a disk file (or any named file object, such as /dev/rmt0 on UNIX or MTA0: on VMS).

1.79.1 FileStream class: file-in

fileIn: aFileName: File in the aFileName file. During a file in operation, global variables (starting with an uppercase letter) that are not declared yet don’t yield an ‘unknown variable’ error. Instead, they are defined as nil in the ‘Undeclared’ dictionary (a global variable residing in Smalltalk). As soon as you add the variable to a namespace (for example by creating a class) the Association will be removed from Undeclared and reused in the namespace, so that the old references will automagically point to the new value.
fileIn: aFileName ifMissing: aSymbol: Conditionally do a file in, only if the key (often a class) specified by ’aSymbol’ is not present in the Smalltalk system dictionary already. During a file in operation, global variables (starting with an uppercase letter) that are not declared don’t yield an ‘unknown variable’ error. Instead, they are defined as nil in the ‘Undeclared’ dictionary (a global variable residing in Smalltalk). As soon as you add the variable to a namespace (for example by creating a class) the Association will be removed from Undeclared and reused in the namespace, so that the old references will automagically point to the new value.
fileIn: aFileName ifTrue: aBoolean: Conditionally do a file in, only if the supplied boolean is true. During a file in operation, global variables (starting with an uppercase letter) that are not declared don’t yield an ‘unknown variable’ error. Instead, they are defined as nil in the ‘Undeclared’ dictionary (a global variable residing in Smalltalk). As soon as you add the variable to a namespace (for example by creating a class) the Association will be removed from Undeclared and reused in the namespace, so that the old references will automagically point to the new value.
fileIn: aFileName line: lineInteger from: realFileName at: aCharPos: File in the aFileName file giving errors such as if it was loaded from the given line, file name and starting position (instead of 1).
generateMakefileOnto: aStream: Generate a make file for the file-ins since record was last set to true. Store it on aStream
initialize: Private - Initialize the receiver’s class variables
record: recordFlag: Set whether Smalltalk should record information about nested file-ins. When recording is enabled, use #generateMakefileOnto: to automatically generate a valid makefile for the intervening file-ins.
require: assoc: Conditionally do a file in from the value of assoc, only if the key of assoc is not present in the Smalltalk system dictionary already. During a file in operation, global variables (starting with an uppercase letter) that are not declared don’t yield an ‘unknown variable’ error. Instead, they are defined as nil in the ‘Undeclared’ dictionary (a global variable residing in Smalltalk). As soon as you add the variable to a namespace (for example by creating a class) the Association will be removed from Undeclared and reused in the namespace, so that the old references will automagically point to the new value.
verbose: verboseFlag: Set whether Smalltalk should output debugging messages when filing in

1.79.2 FileStream class: standard streams

stderr: Answer a FileStream that is attached the Smalltalk program’s standard error file handle, which can be used for error messages and diagnostics issued by the program.
stdin: Answer a FileStream that is attached the Smalltalk program’s standard input file handle, which is the normal source of input for the program.
stdout: Answer a FileStream that is attached the Smalltalk program’s standard output file handle; this is used for normal output from the program.

1.79.3 FileStream: basic

bufferStart: Private - Answer the offset from the start of the file corresponding to the beginning of the read buffer.
copyFrom: from to: to: Answer the contents of the file between the two given positions
next: Return the next character in the file, or nil at eof
nextPut: aCharacter: Store aCharacter on the file
peek: Return the next character in the file, or nil at eof. Don’t advance the file pointer.
position: Answer the zero-based position from the start of the file
position: n: Set the file pointer to the zero-based position n
size: Return the current size of the file, in bytes
truncate: Truncate the file at the current position

1.79.4 FileStream: buffering

bufferSize: Answer the file’s current buffer
bufferSize: bufSize: Flush the file and set the buffer’s size to bufSize
clean: Synchronize the file descriptor’s state with the object’s state.
fill: Private - Fill the input buffer
flush: Flush the output buffer.
newBuffer: Private - Answer a String to be used as the receiver’s buffer
next: n bufferAll: aCollection startingAt: pos: Private - Assuming that the buffer has space for n characters, store n characters of aCollection in the buffer, starting from the pos-th.
nextAvailable: anInteger into: aCollection startingAt: pos: Read up to anInteger bytes from the stream and store them into aCollection. Return the number of bytes read.
nextAvailable: anInteger putAllOn: aStream: Copy up to anInteger bytes from the stream into aStream. Return the number of bytes read.
pendingWrite: Answer whether the output buffer is full.

1.79.5 FileStream: compiling

segmentFrom: startPos to: endPos: Answer an object that, when sent #asString, will yield the result of sending ‘copyFrom: startPos to: endPos’ to the receiver

1.79.6 FileStream: initialize-release

initialize: Initialize the receiver’s instance variables

1.79.7 FileStream: overriding inherited methods

next: n putAll: aCollection startingAt: pos: Write n values from aCollection, the first being at pos.
nextLine: Returns a collection of the same type that the stream accesses, containing the next line up to the next new-line character. Returns the entire rest of the stream’s contents if no new-line character is found.
nextPutAllOn: aStream: Put all the characters of the receiver in aStream.
upTo: aCharacter: Returns a collection of the same type that the stream accesses, containing data up to aCharacter. Returns the entire rest of the stream’s contents if no such character is found.

1.79.8 FileStream: testing

atEnd: Answer whether data has come to an end

1.80 Float

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Number
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent floating point numbers that have arbitrary precision. Besides the standard numerical operations, they provide transcendental operations too. They implement IEEE-754 correctly if the hardware supports it.

• Float class-byte-order dependancies:		(class)
• Float class-characterization:		(class)
• Float-arithmetic:		(instance)
• Float-basic:		(instance)
• Float-built ins:		(instance)
• Float-coercing:		(instance)
• Float-coercion:		(instance)
• Float-comparing:		(instance)
• Float-compiler:		(instance)
• Float-converting:		(instance)
• Float-floating point:		(instance)
• Float-misc math:		(instance)
• Float-printing:		(instance)
• Float-storing:		(instance)
• Float-testing:		(instance)
• Float-testing functionality:		(instance)
• Float-transcendental operations:		(instance)
• Float-truncation and round off:		(instance)

1.80.1 Float class: byte-order dependancies

signByte: Answer the byte of the receiver that contains the sign bit

1.80.2 Float class: characterization

denormalized: Answer whether instances of the receiver can be in denormalized form.
e: Returns the value of e. Hope is that it is precise enough
epsilon: Return the smallest Float x for which is 1 + x ~= 1
fmin: Return the smallest Float that is > 0.
fminDenormalized: Return the smallest Float that is > 0 if denormalized values are supported, else return 0.
ln10: Returns the value of ln 10. Hope is that it is precise enough
log10Base2: Returns the value of log2 10. Hope is that it is precise enough
pi: Returns the value of pi. Hope is that it is precise enough
radix: Answer the base in which computations between instances of the receiver are made. This should be 2 on about every known computer, so GNU Smalltalk always answers 2.

1.80.3 Float: arithmetic

integerPart: Return the receiver’s integer part
negated: Return the negation of the receiver. Unlike 0-self, this converts correctly signed zeros.
raisedToInteger: anInteger: Return self raised to the anInteger-th power

1.80.4 Float: basic

hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver. Not-a-number values do not have a hash code and cannot be put in a hashed collection.

1.80.5 Float: built ins

arcCos: Answer the arc-cosine of the receiver
arcSin: Answer the arc-sine of the receiver
arcTan: Answer the arc-tangent of the receiver
ceiling: Answer the integer part of the receiver, truncated towards +infinity
cos: Answer the cosine of the receiver
exp: Answer ’e’ (2.718281828459...) raised to the receiver
floor: Answer the integer part of the receiver, truncated towards -infinity
ln: Answer the logarithm of the receiver in base ’e’ (2.718281828459...)
primHash: Private - Answer an hash value for the receiver
raisedTo: aNumber: Answer the receiver raised to its aNumber power
sin: Answer the sine of the receiver
sqrt: Answer the square root of the receiver
tan: Answer the tangent of the receiver

1.80.6 Float: coercing

asExactFraction: Convert the receiver into a fraction with optimal approximation, but with usually huge terms.
asFraction: Convert the receiver into a fraction with a good (but undefined) approximation
truncated: Convert the receiver to an Integer. Only used for LargeIntegers, there are primitives for the other cases.

1.80.7 Float: coercion

asCNumber: Convert the receiver to a kind of number that is understood by the C call-out mechanism.

1.80.8 Float: comparing

max: aNumber: Answer the maximum between the receiver and aNumber. Redefine in subclasses if necessary to ensure that if either self or aNumber is a NaN, it is always answered.
min: aNumber: Answer the minimum between the receiver and aNumber. Redefine in subclasses if necessary to ensure that if either self or aNumber is a NaN, it is always answered.
withSignOf: aNumber: Answer the receiver, with its sign possibly changed to match that of aNumber.

1.80.9 Float: compiler

literalEquals: anObject: Not commented.
literalHash: Not commented.

1.80.10 Float: converting

half: Answer 0.5 in the representation of the receiver

1.80.11 Float: floating point

predecessor: Not commented.
successor: Not commented.

1.80.12 Float: misc math

log: aNumber: Answer log base aNumber of the receiver

1.80.13 Float: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream

1.80.14 Float: storing

isLiteralObject: Answer whether the receiver is expressible as a Smalltalk literal.
storeLiteralOn: aStream: Store on aStream some Smalltalk code which compiles to the receiver
storeOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream

1.80.15 Float: testing

isExact: Answer whether the receiver performs exact arithmetic. Floats do not.
isFinite: Answer whether the receiver does not represent infinity, nor a NaN
isInfinite: Answer whether the receiver represents positive or negative infinity
isNaN: Answer whether the receiver represents a NaN
negative: Answer whether the receiver is negative
positive: Answer whether the receiver is positive. Negative zero is not positive, so the definition is not simply >= 0.
sign: Answer 1 if the receiver is greater than 0, -1 if less than 0, else 0. Negative zero is the same as positive zero.
strictlyPositive: Answer whether the receiver is > 0

1.80.16 Float: testing functionality

isFloat: Answer ‘true’.

1.80.17 Float: transcendental operations

asFloat: Just defined for completeness. Return the receiver.
ceilingLog: radix: Answer (self log: radix) ceiling. Use exact arithmetic if radix is not a floating point value.
estimatedLog: Answer an estimate of (self abs floorLog: 10)
floorLog: radix: Answer (self log: radix) floor. Use exact arithmetic if radix is not a floating point value.
log: Answer log base 10 of the receiver.

1.80.18 Float: truncation and round off

rounded: Answer the receiver, rounded to the nearest integer

1.81 FloatD

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Float
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent floating point numbers that have the same accuracy as C’s "double" numbers.

1.81.1 FloatD class: byte-order dependencies

fromBytes: aByteArray: Answer a float with the bytes in aByteArray, which are in big-endian format.
signByte: Answer the byte of the receiver that contains the sign bit

1.81.2 FloatD class: characterization

decimalDigits: Return the number of decimal digits of precision for a FloatD. Technically, if P is the precision for the representation, then the decimal precision Q is the maximum number of decimal digits such that any floating point number with Q base 10 digits can be rounded to a floating point number with P base 2 digits and back again, without change to the Q decimal digits.
emax: Return the maximum allowable exponent for a FloatD that is finite.
emin: Return the maximum allowable exponent for a FloatD that is finite.
fmax: Return the largest normalized FloatD that is not infinite.
fminNormalized: Return the smallest normalized FloatD that is > 0
infinity: Return a FloatD that represents positive infinity.
nan: Return a FloatD that represents a mathematically indeterminate value (e.g. Inf - Inf, Inf / Inf).
negativeInfinity: Return a FloatD that represents negative infinity.
precision: Answer the number of bits in the mantissa. 1 + (2^-precision) = 1

1.81.3 FloatD class: converting

coerce: aNumber: Answer aNumber converted to a FloatD

1.81.4 FloatD: built ins

* arg: Multiply the receiver and arg and answer another Number
+ arg: Sum the receiver and arg and answer another Number
- arg: Subtract arg from the receiver and answer another Number
/ arg: Divide the receiver by arg and answer another FloatD
< arg: Answer whether the receiver is less than arg
<= arg: Answer whether the receiver is less than or equal to arg
= arg: Answer whether the receiver is equal to arg
> arg: Answer whether the receiver is greater than arg
>= arg: Answer whether the receiver is greater than or equal to arg
asFloatE: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatE
asFloatQ: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatQ
exponent: Answer the exponent of the receiver in mantissa*2^exponent representation ( |mantissa|<=1 )
fractionPart: Answer the fractional part of the receiver
timesTwoPower: arg: Answer the receiver multiplied by 2^arg
truncated: Truncate the receiver towards zero and answer the result
~= arg: Answer whether the receiver is not equal to arg

1.81.5 FloatD: coercing

asFloatD: Just defined for completeness. Return the receiver.
coerce: aNumber: Coerce aNumber to the receiver’s class
generality: Answer the receiver’s generality
unity: Coerce 1 to the receiver’s class
zero: Coerce 0 to the receiver’s class

1.81.6 FloatD: converting

half: Coerce 0.5 to the receiver’s class

1.82 FloatE

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Float
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent floating point numbers that have the same accuracy as C’s "float" numbers.

1.82.1 FloatE class: byte-order dependancies

signByte: Answer the byte of the receiver that contains the sign bit

1.82.2 FloatE class: byte-order dependencies

fromBytes: aByteArray: Answer a float with the bytes in aByteArray, which are in big-endian format.

1.82.3 FloatE class: characterization

decimalDigits: Return the number of decimal digits of precision for a FloatE. Technically, if P is the precision for the representation, then the decimal precision Q is the maximum number of decimal digits such that any floating point number with Q base 10 digits can be rounded to a floating point number with P base 2 digits and back again, without change to the Q decimal digits.
e: Returns the value of e. Hope is that it is precise enough
emax: Return the maximum allowable exponent for a FloatE that is finite.
emin: Return the maximum allowable exponent for a FloatE that is finite.
fmax: Return the largest normalized FloatE that is not infinite.
fminNormalized: Return the smallest normalized FloatE that is > 0
infinity: Return a FloatE that represents positive infinity.
ln10: Returns the value of ln 10. Hope is that it is precise enough
log10Base2: Returns the value of log2 10. Hope is that it is precise enough
nan: Return a FloatE that represents a mathematically indeterminate value (e.g. Inf - Inf, Inf / Inf).
negativeInfinity: Return a FloatE that represents negative infinity.
pi: Returns the value of pi. Hope is that it is precise enough
precision: Answer the number of bits in the mantissa. 1 + (2^-precision) = 1

1.82.4 FloatE class: converting

coerce: aNumber: Answer aNumber converted to a FloatE

1.82.5 FloatE: built ins

* arg: Multiply the receiver and arg and answer another Number
+ arg: Sum the receiver and arg and answer another Number
- arg: Subtract arg from the receiver and answer another Number
/ arg: Divide the receiver by arg and answer another FloatE
< arg: Answer whether the receiver is less than arg
<= arg: Answer whether the receiver is less than or equal to arg
= arg: Answer whether the receiver is equal to arg
> arg: Answer whether the receiver is greater than arg
>= arg: Answer whether the receiver is greater than or equal to arg
asFloatD: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFloatQ: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatQ
exponent: Answer the exponent of the receiver in mantissa*2^exponent representation ( |mantissa|<=1 )
fractionPart: Answer the fractional part of the receiver
timesTwoPower: arg: Answer the receiver multiplied by 2^arg
truncated: Truncate the receiver towards zero and answer the result
~= arg: Answer whether the receiver is not equal to arg

1.82.6 FloatE: coercing

asFloatE: Just defined for completeness. Return the receiver.
coerce: aNumber: Coerce aNumber to the receiver’s class
generality: Answer the receiver’s generality
unity: Coerce 1 to the receiver’s class
zero: Coerce 0 to the receiver’s class

1.82.7 FloatE: converting

half: Coerce 0.5 to the receiver’s class

1.83 FloatQ

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Float
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent floating point numbers that have the same accuracy as C’s "long double" numbers.

1.83.1 FloatQ class: byte-order dependancies

signByte: Answer the byte of the receiver that contains the sign bit

1.83.2 FloatQ class: characterization

decimalDigits: Return the number of decimal digits of precision for a FloatQ. Technically, if P is the precision for the representation, then the decimal precision Q is the maximum number of decimal digits such that any floating point number with Q base 10 digits can be rounded to a floating point number with P base 2 digits and back again, without change to the Q decimal digits.
e: Returns the value of e. Hope is that it is precise enough
emax: Return the maximum allowable exponent for a FloatQ that is finite.
emin: Return the maximum allowable exponent for a FloatQ that is finite.
fmax: Return the largest normalized FloatQ that is not infinite.
fminNormalized: Return the smallest normalized FloatQ that is > 0
infinity: Return a FloatQ that represents positive infinity.
ln10: Returns the value of ln 10. Hope is that it is precise enough
log10Base2: Returns the value of log2 10. Hope is that it is precise enough
nan: Return a FloatQ that represents a mathematically indeterminate value (e.g. Inf - Inf, Inf / Inf).
negativeInfinity: Return a FloatQ that represents negative infinity.
pi: Returns the value of pi. Hope is that it is precise enough
precision: Answer the number of bits in the mantissa. 1 + (2^-precision) = 1

1.83.3 FloatQ class: converting

coerce: aNumber: Answer aNumber converted to a FloatQ

1.83.4 FloatQ: built ins

* arg: Multiply the receiver and arg and answer another Number
+ arg: Sum the receiver and arg and answer another Number
- arg: Subtract arg from the receiver and answer another Number
/ arg: Divide the receiver by arg and answer another FloatQ
< arg: Answer whether the receiver is less than arg
<= arg: Answer whether the receiver is less than or equal to arg
= arg: Answer whether the receiver is equal to arg
> arg: Answer whether the receiver is greater than arg
>= arg: Answer whether the receiver is greater than or equal to arg
asFloatD: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFloatE: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatE
exponent: Answer the exponent of the receiver in mantissa*2^exponent representation ( |mantissa|<=1 )
fractionPart: Answer the fractional part of the receiver
timesTwoPower: arg: Answer the receiver multiplied by 2^arg
truncated: Truncate the receiver towards zero and answer the result
~= arg: Answer whether the receiver is not equal to arg

1.83.5 FloatQ: coercing

asFloatQ: Just defined for completeness. Return the receiver.
coerce: aNumber: Coerce aNumber to the receiver’s class
generality: Answer the receiver’s generality
unity: Coerce 1 to the receiver’s class
zero: Coerce 0 to the receiver’s class

1.83.6 FloatQ: converting

half: Coerce 0.5 to the receiver’s class

1.84 Fraction

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Number
Category: Language-Data types: I represent rational numbers in the form (p/q) where p and q are integers. The arithmetic operations *, +, -, /, on fractions, all return a reduced fraction.

1.84.1 Fraction class: converting

coerce: aNumber: Answer aNumber converted to a Fraction

1.84.2 Fraction class: instance creation

initialize: Initialize the receiver’s class variables
numerator: nInteger denominator: dInteger: Answer a new instance of fraction (nInteger/dInteger)

1.84.3 Fraction: accessing

denominator: Answer the receiver’s denominator
numerator: Answer the receiver’s numerator

1.84.4 Fraction: arithmetic

* aNumber: Multiply two numbers and answer the result.
+ aNumber: Sum two numbers and answer the result.
- aNumber: Subtract aNumber from the receiver and answer the result.
/ aNumber: Divide the receiver by aNumber and answer the result.
// aNumber: Return the integer quotient of dividing the receiver by aNumber with truncation towards negative infinity.
\\ aNumber: Return the remainder from dividing the receiver by aNumber, (using //).
estimatedLog: Answer an estimate of (self abs floorLog: 10)

1.84.5 Fraction: coercing

ceiling: Truncate the receiver towards positive infinity and return the truncated result
coerce: aNumber: Coerce aNumber to the receiver’s class
floor: Truncate the receiver towards negative infinity and return the truncated result
generality: Return the receiver’s generality
truncated: Truncate the receiver and return the truncated result
unity: Coerce 1 to the receiver’s class
zero: Coerce 0 to the receiver’s class

1.84.6 Fraction: coercion

asCNumber: Convert the receiver to a kind of number that is understood by the C call-out mechanism.

1.84.7 Fraction: comparing

< arg: Test if the receiver is less than arg.
<= arg: Test if the receiver is less than or equal to arg.
= arg: Test if the receiver equals arg.
> arg: Test if the receiver is more than arg.
>= arg: Test if the receiver is greater than or equal to arg.
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.84.8 Fraction: converting

asExactFraction: Answer the receiver, it is already a Fraction
asFloatD: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFloatE: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFloatQ: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFraction: Answer the receiver, it is already a Fraction
integerPart: Answer the integer part of the receiver, expressed as a Fraction

1.84.9 Fraction: optimized cases

negated: Return the receiver, with its sign changed.
raisedToInteger: anInteger: Return self raised to the anInteger-th power.
reciprocal: Return the reciprocal of the receiver
sqrt: Return the square root of the receiver.
squared: Return the square of the receiver.

1.84.10 Fraction: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.84.11 Fraction: testing

isRational: Answer whether the receiver is rational - true

1.85 Generator

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Stream

Category: Streams-Generators

A Generator object provides a way to use blocks to define a Stream of many return values. The return values are computed one at a time, as needed, and hence need not even be finite.

A generator block is converted to a Generator with "Generator on: [...]". The Generator itself is passed to the block, and as soon as a message like #next, #peek, #atEnd or #peekFor: is sent to the generator, execution of the block starts/resumes and goes on until the generator’s #yield: method is called: then the argument of #yield: will be the Generator’s next element. If the block goes on to the end without calling #yield:, the Generator will produce no more elements and #atEnd will return true.

You could achieve the effect of generators manually by writing your own class and storing all the local variables of the generator as instance variables. For example, returning a list of integers could be done by setting a variable to 0, and having the #next method increment it and return it. However, for a moderately complicated generator, writing a corresponding class would be much messier (and might lead to code duplication or inefficiency if you want to support #peek, #peekFor: and/or #atEnd): in general, providing a #do:-like interface is easy, but not providing a Stream-like one (think binary trees).

The idea of generators comes from other programming languages, in particular this interface looks much like Scheme streams and Python generators. But Python in turn mutuated the idea for example from Icon, where the idea of generators is central. In Icon, every expression and function call behaves like a generator, and if a statement manages scalars, it automatically uses up all the results that the corresponding generator provides; on the other hand, Icon does not represent generators as first-class objects like Python and Smalltalk do.

1.85.1 Generator class: instance creation

inject: aValue into: aBlock: Return an infinite generator; the first item is aValue, the following items are obtained by passing the previous value to aBlock.
on: aBlock: Return a generator and pass it to aBlock. When #next is sent to the generator, the block will start execution, and will be suspended again as soon as #yield: is sent from the block to the generator.
on: aCollection do: aBlock: Return a generator; for each item of aCollection, evaluate aBlock passing the generator and the item.

1.85.2 Generator: stream protocol

atEnd: Answer whether more data can be generated.
next: Evaluate the generator until it generates the next value or decides that nothing else can be generated.
peek: Evaluate the generator until it generates the next value or decides that nothing else can be generated, and save the value so that #peek or #next will return it again.
peekFor: anObject: Evaluate the generator until it generates the next value or decides that nothing else can be generated, and if it is not equal to anObject, save the value so that #peek or #next will return it again.
yield: anObject: When entering from the generator the code in the block is executed and control flow goes back to the consumer. When entering from the consumer, the code after the continuation is executed, which resumes execution of the generator block.

1.86 Getopt

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Data types: This class is usually not instantiated. Class methods provide a way to parse command lines from Smalltalk.

1.86.1 Getopt class: instance creation

parse: args with: pattern do: actionBlock

Parse the command-line arguments in args according to the syntax specified in pattern. For every command-line option found, the two-argument block actionBlock is evaluated passing the option name and the argument. For file names (or in general, other command-line arguments than options) the block’s first argument will be nil. For options without arguments, or with unspecified optional arguments, the block’s second argument will be nil. The option name will be passed as a character object for short options, and as a string for long options.

If an error is found, nil is returned. For more information on the syntax of pattern, see #parse:with:do:ifError:.

parse: args with: pattern do: actionBlock ifError: errorBlock

If an error is found, the parsing is interrupted, errorBlock is evaluated, and the returned value is answered.

Every whitespace-separated part (‘word’) of pattern specifies a command-line option. If a word ends with a colon, the option will have a mandatory argument. If a word ends with two colons, the option will have an optional argument. Before the colons, multiple option names (either short names like ‘-l’ or long names like ‘–long’) can be specified. Before passing the option to actionBlock, the name will be canonicalized to the last one.

Prefixes of long options are accepted as long as they’re unique, and they are canonicalized to the full name before passing it to actionBlock. Additionally, the full name of an option is accepted even if it is the prefix of a longer option.

Mandatory arguments can appear in the next argument, or in the same argument (separated by an = for arguments to long options). Optional arguments must appear in the same argument.

1.87 Halt

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Exception
Category: Language-Exceptions: Halt represents a resumable error, usually a bug.

1.87.1 Halt: description

description: Answer a textual description of the exception.
isResumable: Answer true. #halt exceptions are by default resumable.

1.88 HashedCollection

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Collection
Category: Collections-Unordered: I am an hashed collection that can store objects uniquely and give fast responses on their presence in the collection.

1.88.1 HashedCollection class: instance creation

new: Answer a new instance of the receiver with a default size
new: anInteger: Answer a new instance of the receiver with the given capacity
withAll: aCollection: Answer a collection whose elements are all those in aCollection

1.88.2 HashedCollection: accessing

add: newObject: Add newObject to the set, if and only if the set doesn’t already contain an occurrence of it. Don’t fail if a duplicate is found. Answer anObject
at: index: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
at: index put: value: This method should not be called for instances of this class.

1.88.3 HashedCollection: builtins

primAt: anIndex: Private - Answer the anIndex-th item of the hash table for the receiver. Using this instead of basicAt: allows for easier changes in the representation
primAt: anIndex put: value: Private - Store value in the anIndex-th item of the hash table for the receiver. Using this instead of basicAt:put: allows for easier changes in the representation
primSize: Private - Answer the size of the hash table for the receiver. Using this instead of basicSize allows for easier changes in the representation

1.88.4 HashedCollection: copying

deepCopy: Returns a deep copy of the receiver (the instance variables are copies of the receiver’s instance variables)
shallowCopy: Returns a shallow copy of the receiver (the instance variables are not copied)

1.88.5 HashedCollection: enumerating the elements of a collection

do: aBlock: Enumerate all the non-nil members of the set

1.88.6 HashedCollection: rehashing

rehash: Rehash the receiver

1.88.7 HashedCollection: removing

remove: oldObject ifAbsent: anExceptionBlock: Remove oldObject from the set. If it is found, answer oldObject. Otherwise, evaluate anExceptionBlock and answer its value.

1.88.8 HashedCollection: saving and loading

postLoad: Called after loading an object; rehash the collection because identity objects will most likely mutate their hashes.
postStore: Called after an object is dumped. Do nothing – necessary because by default this calls #postLoad by default

1.88.9 HashedCollection: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store on aStream some Smalltalk code which compiles to the receiver

1.88.10 HashedCollection: testing collections

= aHashedCollection: Returns true if the two sets have the same membership, false if not
capacity: Answer how many elements the receiver can hold before having to grow.
hash: Return the hash code for the members of the set. Since order is unimportant, we use a commutative operator to compute the hash value.
includes: anObject: Answer whether the receiver contains an instance of anObject.
isEmpty: Answer whether the receiver is empty.
occurrencesOf: anObject: Return the number of occurrences of anObject. Since we’re a set, this is either 0 or 1. Nil is never directly in the set, so we special case it (the result is always 1).
size: Answer the receiver’s size

1.89 HomedAssociation

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Association
Category: Language-Data types: My instances represent know about their parent namespace, which is of use when implementing weak collections and finalizations.

1.89.1 HomedAssociation class: basic

key: aKey value: aValue environment: aNamespace: Answer a new association with the given key and value

1.89.2 HomedAssociation: accessing

environment: Answer the namespace in which I live.
environment: aNamespace: Set the namespace in which I live to be aNamespace.

1.89.3 HomedAssociation: finalization

mourn: This message is sent to the receiver when the object is made ephemeron (which is common when HomedAssociations are used by a WeakKeyDictionary or a WeakSet). The mourning of the object’s key is first of all demanded to the environment (which will likely remove the object from itself), and then performed as usual by clearing the key and value fields.

1.89.4 HomedAssociation: storing

storeOn: aStream: Put on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.90 IdentityDictionary

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LookupTable
Category: Collections-Keyed: I am similar to LookupTable, except that I use the object identity comparision message == to determine equivalence of indices.

1.91 IdentitySet

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Set
Category: Collections-Unordered: I am the typical set object; I can store any objects uniquely. I use the == operator to determine duplication of objects.

1.91.1 IdentitySet: testing

identityIncludes: anObject: Answer whether we include the anObject object; for IdentitySets this is identical to #includes:

1.92 Integer

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Number
Category: Language-Data types: I am the abstract integer class of the GNU Smalltalk system. My subclasses’ instances can represent signed integers of various sizes (a subclass is picked according to the size), with varying efficiency.

1.92.1 Integer class: converting

coerce: aNumber: Answer aNumber converted to a kind of Integer

1.92.2 Integer: accessing

denominator: Answer ‘1’.
numerator: Answer the receiver.

1.92.3 Integer: basic

hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.92.4 Integer: bit operators

allMask: anInteger: True if all 1 bits in anInteger are 1 in the receiver
anyMask: anInteger: True if any 1 bits in anInteger are 1 in the receiver
bitAt: index: Answer the index-th bit of the receiver (the LSB has an index of 1)
bitAt: index put: value: Answer an integer which is identical to the receiver, possibly with the exception of the index-th bit of the receiver (the LSB having an index of 1), which assumes a value equal to the low-order bit of the second parameter.
bitClear: aMask: Answer an Integer equal to the receiver, except that all the bits that are set in aMask are cleared.
bitInvert: Return the 1’s complement of the bits of the receiver
clearBit: index: Clear the index-th bit of the receiver and answer a new Integer
digitAt: index: Answer the index-th base-256 digit of the receiver (byte), expressed in two’s complement
highBit: Return the index of the highest order 1 bit of the receiver.
isBitSet: index: Answer whether the index-th bit of the receiver is set
lowBit: Return the index of the lowest order 1 bit of the receiver.
noMask: anInteger: Answer true if no 1 bits in anInteger are 1 in the receiver.
setBit: index: Set the index-th bit of the receiver and answer a new Integer

1.92.5 Integer: converting

asCharacter: Return self as a Character or UnicodeCharacter object.
asFraction: Return the receiver converted to a fraction
asScaledDecimal: n: Answer the receiver, converted to a ScaledDecimal object. The scale is forced to be 0.
ceiling: Return the receiver - it’s already truncated
coerce: aNumber: Coerce aNumber to the receiver’s class.
floor: Return the receiver - it’s already truncated
rounded: Return the receiver - it’s already truncated
truncated: Return the receiver - it’s already truncated

1.92.6 Integer: extension

alignTo: anInteger: Answer the receiver, truncated to the first higher or equal multiple of anInteger (which must be a power of two)

1.92.7 Integer: iterators

timesRepeat: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock a number of times equal to the receiver’s value. Compiled in-line for no argument aBlocks without temporaries, and therefore not overridable.

1.92.8 Integer: math methods

binomial: anInteger: Compute the number of combinations of anInteger objects among a number of objects given by the receiver.
ceilingLog: radix: Answer (self log: radix) ceiling. Optimized to answer an integer.
estimatedLog: Answer an estimate of (self abs floorLog: 10)
even: Return whether the receiver is even
factorial: Return the receiver’s factorial.
floorLog: radix: Answer (self log: radix) floor. Optimized to answer an integer.
gcd: anInteger: Return the greatest common divisor (Euclid’s algorithm) between the receiver and anInteger
lcm: anInteger: Return the least common multiple between the receiver and anInteger
odd: Return whether the receiver is odd

1.92.9 Integer: printing

displayOn: aStream: Print on aStream the base 10 representation of the receiver
displayString: Return the base 10 representation of the receiver
isLiteralObject: Answer whether the receiver is expressible as a Smalltalk literal.
printOn: aStream: Print on aStream the base 10 representation of the receiver
printOn: aStream base: b: Print on aStream the base b representation of the receiver
printOn: aStream paddedWith: padding to: size: Print on aStream the base 10 representation of the receiver, padded if necessary to size characters with copies of padding.
printOn: aStream paddedWith: padding to: size base: baseInteger: Print on aStream the base b representation of the receiver, padded if necessary to size characters with copies of padding.
printPaddedWith: padding to: size: Return the base baseInteger representation of the receiver, padded if necessary to size characters with copies of padding.
printPaddedWith: padding to: size base: baseInteger: Return the base baseInteger representation of the receiver, padded if necessary to size characters with copies of padding.
printString: Return the base 10 representation of the receiver
printString: baseInteger: Return the base baseInteger representation of the receiver
printStringRadix: baseInteger: Return the base baseInteger representation of the receiver, with BBr in front of it
radix: baseInteger: Return the base baseInteger representation of the receiver, with BBr in front of it. This method is deprecated, use #printStringRadix: instead.
storeLiteralOn: aStream: Store on aStream some Smalltalk code which compiles to the receiver
storeOn: aStream base: b: Print on aStream Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver, represented in base b

1.92.10 Integer: storing

storeOn: aStream: Print on aStream the base 10 representation of the receiver
storeString: Return the base 10 representation of the receiver

1.92.11 Integer: testing functionality

isInteger: Answer ‘true’.
isRational: Answer whether the receiver is rational - true

1.93 Interval

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: My instances represent ranges of objects, typically Number type objects. I provide iteration/enumeration messages for producing all the members that my instance represents.

1.93.1 Interval class: instance creation

from: startInteger to: stopInteger: Answer an Interval going from startInteger to the stopInteger, with a step of 1
from: startInteger to: stopInteger by: stepInteger: Answer an Interval going from startInteger to the stopInteger, with a step of stepInteger
withAll: aCollection: Answer an Interval containing the same elements as aCollection. Fail if it is not possible to create one.

1.93.2 Interval: basic

at: index: Answer the index-th element of the receiver.
at: index put: anObject: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
collect: aBlock: Evaluate the receiver for each element in aBlock, collect in an array the result of the evaluations.
copyFrom: startIndex to: stopIndex: Not commented.
do: aBlock: Evaluate the receiver for each element in aBlock
isEmpty: Answer whether the receiver is empty.
reverse: Answer a copy of the receiver with all of its items reversed
size: Answer the number of elements in the receiver.
species: Answer ‘Array’.

1.93.3 Interval: printing

first: Not commented.
increment: Answer ‘step’.
last: Answer the last value.
printOn: aStream: Print a representation for the receiver on aStream

1.93.4 Interval: storing

storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.93.5 Interval: testing

= anInterval: Answer whether anInterval is the same interval as the receiver
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver
isExact: Answer whether elements of the receiver are computed using exact arithmetic. This is true as long as the start and step value are exact (i.e. not floating-point).

1.94 Iterable

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Collections: I am an abstract class. My instances are collections of objects that can be iterated. The details on how they can be mutated (if at all possible) are left to the subclasses.

1.94.1 Iterable class: multibyte encodings

isUnicode: Answer true; the receiver is able to store arbitrary Unicode characters.

1.94.2 Iterable: enumeration

, anIterable: Answer an iterable that enumerates first the elements of the receiver and then the elements of anIterable.
allSatisfy: aBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns false. Answer true if none does, false otherwise.
anySatisfy: aBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns true. Answer true if some does, false otherwise.
collect: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the results of evaluating aBlock passing each of the receiver’s elements
conform: aBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns false. Answer true if none does, false otherwise.
contains: aBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns true. Answer true if some does, false otherwise.
count: aBlock: Count the elements of the receiver for which aBlock returns true, and return their number.
detect: aBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns true. If some does, answer it. If none does, fail
detect: aBlock ifNone: exceptionBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns true. If some does, answer it. If none does, answer the result of evaluating aBlock
do: aBlock: Enumerate each object of the receiver, passing them to aBlock
do: aBlock separatedBy: separatorBlock: Enumerate each object of the receiver, passing them to aBlock. Between every two invocations of aBlock, invoke separatorBlock
fold: binaryBlock: First, pass to binaryBlock the first and second elements of the receiver; for each subsequent element, pass the result of the previous evaluation and an element. Answer the result of the last invocation, or the first element if the collection has size 1. Fail if the collection is empty.
inject: thisValue into: binaryBlock: First, pass to binaryBlock thisValue and the first element of the receiver; for each subsequent element, pass the result of the previous evaluation and an element. Answer the result of the last invocation.
noneSatisfy: aBlock: Search the receiver for an element for which aBlock returns true. Answer true if none does, false otherwise.
reject: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the elements in the receiver which, when passed to aBlock, don’t answer true
select: aBlock: Answer a new instance of a Collection containing all the elements in the receiver which, when passed to aBlock, answer true

1.94.3 Iterable: iteration

ifNil: nilBlock ifNotNilDo: iterableBlock: Evaluate nilBlock if the receiver is nil, else evaluate iterableBlock with each element of the receiver (which should be an Iterable).
ifNotNilDo: iterableBlock: Evaluate iterableBlock with each element of the receiver (which should be an Iterable) if not nil. Else answer nil
ifNotNilDo: iterableBlock ifNil: nilBlock: Evaluate nilBlock if the receiver is nil, else evaluate iterableBlock, passing each element of the receiver (which should be an Iterable).

1.94.4 Iterable: streaming

nextPutAllOn: aStream: Write all the objects in the receiver to aStream
readStream: Return a stream with the same contents as the receiver.

1.95 LargeArray

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LargeArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: I am similar to a plain array, but I’m specially designed to save memory when lots of items are nil.

1.95.1 LargeArray: overridden

newCollection: size: Create an Array of the given size

1.96 LargeArrayedCollection

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: I am an abstract class specially designed to save memory when lots of items have the same value.

1.96.1 LargeArrayedCollection class: instance creation

new: anInteger: Answer a new instance of the receiver, with room for anInteger elements.

1.96.2 LargeArrayedCollection: accessing

at: anIndex: Answer the anIndex-th item of the receiver.
at: anIndex put: anObject: Replace the anIndex-th item of the receiver with anObject.
compress: Arrange the representation of the array for maximum memory saving.

1.96.3 LargeArrayedCollection: basic

= aLargeArray: Answer whether the receiver and aLargeArray have the same contents
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver
size: Answer the maximum valid index for the receiver

1.97 LargeByteArray

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LargeArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: I am similar to a plain ByteArray, but I’m specially designed to save memory when lots of items are zero.

1.97.1 LargeByteArray: overridden

costOfNewIndex: Answer the maximum number of consecutive items set to the defaultElement that can be present in a compressed array.
defaultElement: Answer the value which is hoped to be the most common in the array
newCollection: size: Create a ByteArray of the given size

1.98 LargeInteger

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Integer
Category: Language-Data types: I represent a large integer, which has to be stored as a long sequence of bytes. I have methods to do arithmetics and comparisons, but I need some help from my children, LargePositiveInteger and LargeNegativeInteger, to speed them up a bit.

1.98.1 LargeInteger: accessing

raisedToInteger: n: Return self raised to the anInteger-th power

1.98.2 LargeInteger: arithmetic

* aNumber: Multiply aNumber and the receiver, answer the result
+ aNumber: Sum the receiver and aNumber, answer the result
- aNumber: Subtract aNumber from the receiver, answer the result
/ aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the result (an Integer or Fraction)
// aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the result truncated towards -infinity
\\ aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the remainder truncated towards -infinity
divExact: aNumber: Dividing receiver by arg assuming that the remainder is zero, and answer the result
estimatedLog: Answer an estimate of (self abs floorLog: 10)
negated: Answer the receiver’s negated
quo: aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the result truncated towards 0
rem: aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the remainder truncated towards 0

1.98.3 LargeInteger: bit operations

bitAnd: aNumber: Answer the receiver ANDed with aNumber
bitAt: aNumber: Answer the aNumber-th bit in the receiver, where the LSB is 1
bitInvert: Answer the receiver’s 1’s complement
bitOr: aNumber: Answer the receiver ORed with aNumber
bitShift: aNumber: Answer the receiver shifted by aNumber places
bitXor: aNumber: Answer the receiver XORed with aNumber
lowBit: Return the index of the lowest order 1 bit of the receiver.

1.98.4 LargeInteger: built-ins

at: anIndex: Answer the anIndex-th byte in the receiver’s representation
at: anIndex put: aNumber: Set the anIndex-th byte in the receiver’s representation
digitAt: anIndex: Answer the index-th base-256 digit of the receiver (byte), expressed in two’s complement
digitAt: anIndex put: aNumber: Set the anIndex-th base-256 digit in the receiver’s representation
digitLength: Answer the number of base-256 digits in the receiver
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver
primReplaceFrom: start to: stop with: replacementString startingAt: replaceStart: Private - Replace the characters from start to stop with new characters contained in replacementString (which, actually, can be any variable byte class), starting at the replaceStart location of replacementString
size: Answer the number of indexed instance variable in the receiver

1.98.5 LargeInteger: coercion

asCNumber: Convert the receiver to a kind of number that is understood by the C call-out mechanism.
coerce: aNumber: Truncate the number; if needed, convert it to LargeInteger representation.
generality: Answer the receiver’s generality
unity: Coerce 1 to the receiver’s class
zero: Coerce 0 to the receiver’s class

1.98.6 LargeInteger: disabled

asObject: This method always fails. The number of OOPs is far less than the minimum number represented with a LargeInteger.
asObjectNoFail: Answer ‘nil’.

1.98.7 LargeInteger: primitive operations

basicLeftShift: totalShift: Private - Left shift the receiver by aNumber places
basicRightShift: totalShift: Private - Right shift the receiver by ’shift’ places
largeNegated: Private - Same as negated, but always answer a LargeInteger

1.98.8 LargeInteger: testing

< aNumber: Answer whether the receiver is smaller than aNumber
<= aNumber: Answer whether the receiver is smaller than aNumber or equal to it
= aNumber: Answer whether the receiver and aNumber identify the same number.
> aNumber: Answer whether the receiver is greater than aNumber
>= aNumber: Answer whether the receiver is greater than aNumber or equal to it
~= aNumber: Answer whether the receiver and aNumber identify different numbers.

1.99 LargeNegativeInteger

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LargeInteger
Category: Language-Data types: Just like my brother LargePositiveInteger, I provide a few methods that allow LargeInteger to determine the sign of a large integer in a fast way during its calculations. For example, I know that I am smaller than any LargePositiveInteger

1.99.1 LargeNegativeInteger: converting

asFloatD: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFloatE: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatE
asFloatQ: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatQ

1.99.2 LargeNegativeInteger: numeric testing

abs: Answer the receiver’s absolute value.
negative: Answer whether the receiver is < 0
positive: Answer whether the receiver is >= 0
sign: Answer the receiver’s sign
strictlyPositive: Answer whether the receiver is > 0

1.99.3 LargeNegativeInteger: reverting to LargePositiveInteger

+ aNumber: Sum the receiver and aNumber, answer the result
- aNumber: Subtract aNumber from the receiver, answer the result
gcd: anInteger: Return the greatest common divisor between the receiver and anInteger
highBit: Answer the receiver’s highest bit’s index

1.100 LargePositiveInteger

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LargeInteger
Category: Language-Data types: Just like my brother LargeNegativeInteger, I provide a few methods that allow LargeInteger to determine the sign of a large integer in a fast way during its calculations. For example, I know that I am larger than any LargeNegativeInteger. In addition I implement the guts of arbitrary precision arithmetic.

1.100.1 LargePositiveInteger: arithmetic

+ aNumber: Sum the receiver and aNumber, answer the result
- aNumber: Subtract aNumber from the receiver, answer the result
gcd: anInteger: Calculate the GCD between the receiver and anInteger
highBit: Answer the receiver’s highest bit’s index

1.100.2 LargePositiveInteger: converting

asFloatD: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatD
asFloatE: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatE
asFloatQ: Answer the receiver converted to a FloatQ
replace: str withStringBase: radix: Return in a String str the base radix representation of the receiver.

1.100.3 LargePositiveInteger: helper byte-level methods

bytes: byteArray1 from: j compare: byteArray2: Private - Answer the sign of byteArray2 - byteArray1; the j-th byte of byteArray1 is compared with the first of byteArray2, the j+1-th with the second, and so on.
bytes: byteArray1 from: j subtract: byteArray2: Private - Sutract the bytes in byteArray2 from those in byteArray1
bytes: bytes multiply: anInteger: Private - Multiply the bytes in bytes by anInteger, which must be < 255. Put the result back in bytes.
bytesLeftShift: aByteArray: Private - Left shift by 1 place the bytes in aByteArray
bytesLeftShift: aByteArray big: totalShift: Private - Left shift the bytes in aByteArray by totalShift places
bytesLeftShift: aByteArray n: shift: Private - Left shift by shift places the bytes in aByteArray (shift <= 7)
bytesRightShift: aByteArray big: totalShift: Private - Right shift the bytes in aByteArray by totalShift places
bytesRightShift: bytes n: aNumber: Private - Right shift the bytes in ‘bytes’ by ’aNumber’ places (shift <= 7)
bytesTrailingZeros: bytes: Private - Answer the number of trailing zero bits in the receiver
primDivide: rhs: Private - Implements Knuth’s divide and correct algorithm from ‘Seminumerical Algorithms’ 3rd Edition, section 4.3.1 (which is basically an enhanced version of the divide ‘algorithm’ for two-digit divisors which is taught in primary school!!!)

1.100.4 LargePositiveInteger: numeric testing

abs: Answer the receiver’s absolute value
negative: Answer whether the receiver is < 0
positive: Answer whether the receiver is >= 0
sign: Answer the receiver’s sign
strictlyPositive: Answer whether the receiver is > 0

1.100.5 LargePositiveInteger: primitive operations

divide: aNumber using: aBlock: Private - Divide the receiver by aNumber (unsigned division). Evaluate aBlock passing the result ByteArray, the remainder ByteArray, and whether the division had a remainder
isSmall: Private - Answer whether the receiver is small enough to employ simple scalar algorithms for division and multiplication
multiply: aNumber: Private - Multiply the receiver by aNumber (unsigned multiply)

1.101 LargeWordArray

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LargeArrayedCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: I am similar to a plain WordArray, but I’m specially designed to save memory when lots of items are zero.

1.101.1 LargeWordArray: overridden

defaultElement: Answer the value which is hoped to be the most common in the array
newCollection: size: Create a WordArray of the given size

1.102 LargeZeroInteger

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: LargePositiveInteger
Category: Language-Data types: I am quite a strange class. Indeed, the concept of a "large integer" that is zero is a weird one. Actually my only instance is zero but is represented like LargeIntegers, has the same generality as LargeIntegers, and so on. That only instance is stored in the class variable Zero, and is used in arithmetical methods, when we have to coerce a parameter that is zero.

1.102.1 LargeZeroInteger: accessing

at: anIndex: Answer ‘0’.
hash: Answer ‘0’.
size: Answer ‘0’.

1.102.2 LargeZeroInteger: arithmetic

* aNumber: Multiply aNumber and the receiver, answer the result
+ aNumber: Sum the receiver and aNumber, answer the result
- aNumber: Subtract aNumber from the receiver, answer the result
/ aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the result (an Integer or Fraction)
// aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the result truncated towards -infinity
\\ aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the remainder truncated towards -infinity
quo: aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the result truncated towards 0
rem: aNumber: Divide aNumber and the receiver, answer the remainder truncated towards 0

1.102.3 LargeZeroInteger: numeric testing

sign: Answer the receiver’s sign
strictlyPositive: Answer whether the receiver is > 0

1.102.4 LargeZeroInteger: printing

replace: str withStringBase: radix: Return in a string the base radix representation of the receiver.

1.103 Link

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: I represent simple linked lists. Generally, I am not used by myself, but rather a subclass adds other instance variables that hold the information for each node, and I hold the glue that keeps them together.

1.103.1 Link class: instance creation

nextLink: aLink: Create an instance with the given next link

1.103.2 Link: basic

nextLink: Answer the next item in the list
nextLink: aLink: Set the next item in the list

1.103.3 Link: iteration

at: index: Retrieve a node (instance of Link) that is at a distance of ‘index’ after the receiver.
at: index put: object: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
do: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock for each element in the list
size: Answer the number of elements in the list. Warning: this is O(n)

1.104 LinkedList

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: SequenceableCollection
Category: Collections-Sequenceable: I provide methods that access and manipulate linked lists. I assume that the elements of the linked list are subclasses of Link, because I use the methods that class Link supplies to implement my methods.

1.104.1 LinkedList: accessing

at: index: Return the element that is index into the linked list.
at: index put: object: This method should not be called for instances of this class.

1.104.2 LinkedList: adding

add: aLink: Add aLink at the end of the list; return aLink.
addFirst: aLink: Add aLink at the head of the list; return aLink.
addLast: aLink: Add aLink at then end of the list; return aLink.
remove: aLink ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove aLink from the list and return it, or invoke aBlock if it’s not found in the list.
removeFirst: Remove the first element from the list and return it, or error if the list is empty.
removeLast: Remove the final element from the list and return it, or error if the list is empty.

1.104.3 LinkedList: enumerating

do: aBlock: Enumerate each object in the list, passing it to aBlock (actual behavior might depend on the subclass of Link that is being used).
identityIncludes: anObject: Answer whether we include the anObject object
includes: anObject: Answer whether we include anObject

1.104.4 LinkedList: iteration

first: Retrieve the first element of the list and return it, or error if the list is empty.
last: Retrieve the last element of the list and return it, or error if the list is empty.

1.104.5 LinkedList: testing

isEmpty: Returns true if the list contains no members
notEmpty: Returns true if the list contains at least a member
size: Answer the number of elements in the list. Warning: this is O(n)

1.105 LookupKey

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Magnitude
Category: Language-Data types: I represent a key for looking up entries in a data structure. Subclasses of me, such as Association, typically represent dictionary entries.

1.105.1 LookupKey class: basic

key: aKey: Answer a new instance of the receiver with the given key and value

1.105.2 LookupKey: accessing

key: Answer the receiver’s key
key: aKey: Set the receiver’s key to aKey

1.105.3 LookupKey: printing

printOn: aStream: Put on aStream a representation of the receiver

1.105.4 LookupKey: storing

storeOn: aStream: Put on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.105.5 LookupKey: testing

< aLookupKey: Answer whether the receiver’s key is less than aLookupKey’s
= aLookupKey: Answer whether the receiver’s key and value are the same as aLookupKey’s, or false if aLookupKey is not an instance of the receiver
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.106 LookupTable

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Dictionary
Category: Collections-Keyed: I am a more efficient variant of Dictionary that cannot be used as a pool dictionary of variables, as I don’t use Associations to store key-value pairs. I also cannot have nil as a key; if you need to be able to store nil as a key, use Dictionary instead. I use the object equality comparison message #= to determine equivalence of indices.

1.106.1 LookupTable class: instance creation

new: Create a new LookupTable with a default size

1.106.2 LookupTable: accessing

add: anAssociation: Add the anAssociation key to the receiver
associationAt: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the key/value Association for the given key. Evaluate aBlock (answering the result) if the key is not found
at: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Answer the value associated to the given key, or the result of evaluating aBlock if the key is not found
at: aKey ifPresent: aBlock: If aKey is absent, answer nil. Else, evaluate aBlock passing the associated value and answer the result of the invocation
at: key put: value: Store value as associated to the given key

1.106.3 LookupTable: enumerating

associationsDo: aBlock: Pass each association in the LookupTable to aBlock.
do: aBlock: Pass each value in the LookupTable to aBlock.
keysAndValuesDo: aBlock: Pass each key/value pair in the LookupTable as two distinct parameters to aBlock.
keysDo: aBlock: Pass each key in the LookupTable to aBlock.

1.106.4 LookupTable: hashing

hash: Answer the hash value for the receiver

1.106.5 LookupTable: rehashing

rehash: Rehash the receiver

1.106.6 LookupTable: removing

remove: anAssociation: Remove anAssociation’s key from the dictionary
remove: anAssociation ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove anAssociation’s key from the dictionary
removeKey: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove the passed key from the LookupTable, answer the result of evaluating aBlock if it is not found

1.106.7 LookupTable: storing

storeOn: aStream: Print Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.107 Magnitude

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Data types: I am an abstract class. My objects represent things that are discrete and map to a number line. My instances can be compared with < and >.

1.107.1 Magnitude: basic

< aMagnitude: Answer whether the receiver is less than aMagnitude
<= aMagnitude: Answer whether the receiver is less than or equal to aMagnitude
= aMagnitude: Answer whether the receiver is equal to aMagnitude
> aMagnitude: Answer whether the receiver is greater than aMagnitude
>= aMagnitude: Answer whether the receiver is greater than or equal to aMagnitude

1.107.2 Magnitude: misc methods

between: min and: max: Returns true if object is inclusively between min and max.
max: aMagnitude: Returns the greatest object between the receiver and aMagnitude
min: aMagnitude: Returns the least object between the receiver and aMagnitude

1.108 MappedCollection

Defined in namespace Smalltalk

Superclass: Collection

Category: Collections-Keyed

I represent collections of objects that are indirectly indexed by names. There are really two collections involved: domain and a map. The map maps between external names and indices into domain, which contains the real association. In order to work properly, the domain must be an instance of a subclass of SequenceableCollection, and the map must be an instance of Dictionary, or of a subclass of SequenceableCollection.

As an example of using me, consider implenting a Dictionary whose elements are indexed. The domain would be a SequenceableCollection with n elements, the map a Dictionary associating each key to an index in the domain. To access by key, to perform enumeration, etc. you would ask an instance of me; to access by index, you would access the domain directly.

Another idea could be to implement row access or column access to a matrix implemented as a single n*m Array: the Array would be the domain, while the map would be an Interval.

1.108.1 MappedCollection class: instance creation

collection: aCollection map: aMap: Answer a new MappedCollection using the given domain (aCollection) and map
new: This method should not be used; instead, use #collection:map: to create MappedCollection.

1.108.2 MappedCollection: basic

add: anObject: This method should not be called for instances of this class.
at: key: Answer the object at the given key
at: key put: value: Store value at the given key
atAll: keyCollection: Answer a new MappedCollection that only includes the given keys. The new MappedCollection might use keyCollection or consecutive integers for the keys, depending on the map’s type. Fail if any of them is not found in the map.
collect: aBlock: Answer a Collection with the same keys as the map, where accessing a key yields the value obtained by passing through aBlock the value accessible from the key in the receiver. The result need not be another MappedCollection
contents: Answer a bag with the receiver’s values
copyFrom: a to: b: Answer a new collection containing all the items in the receiver from the a-th to the b-th.
do: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock for each object
domain: Answer the receiver’s domain
keys: Answer the keys that can be used to access this collection.
keysAndValuesDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock passing two arguments, one being a key that can be used to access this collection, and the other one being the value.
keysDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock on the keys that can be used to access this collection.
map: Answer the receiver’s map
reject: aBlock: Answer the objects in the domain for which aBlock returns false
select: aBlock: Answer the objects in the domain for which aBlock returns true
size: Answer the receiver’s size

1.109 Memory

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: I provide access to actual machine addresses of OOPs and objects. I have no instances; you send messages to my class to map between an object and the address of its OOP or object. In addition I provide direct memory access with different C types (ints, chars, OOPs, floats,...).

1.109.1 Memory class: accessing

at: anAddress: Access the Smalltalk object (OOP) at the given address.
at: anAddress put: aValue: Store a pointer (OOP) to the Smalltalk object identified by ‘value’ at the given address.
bigEndian: Answer whether we’re running on a big- or little-endian system.
charAt: anAddress: Access the C char at the given address. The value is returned as a Smalltalk Character.
charAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store as a C char the Smalltalk Character or Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(char) bytes - i.e. 1 byte.
deref: anAddress: Access the C int pointed by the given address
doubleAt: anAddress: Access the C double at the given address.
doubleAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Float object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, writing it like a C double.
floatAt: anAddress: Access the C float at the given address.
floatAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Float object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, writing it like a C float.
intAt: anAddress: Access the C int at the given address.
intAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(int) bytes.
longAt: anAddress: Access the C long int at the given address.
longAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(long) bytes.
longDoubleAt: anAddress: Access the C long double at the given address.
longDoubleAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Float object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, writing it like a C long double.
shortAt: anAddress: Access the C short int at the given address.
shortAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(short) bytes.
stringAt: anAddress: Access the string pointed by the C ‘char *’ at the given given address.
stringAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk String object identified by ‘value’, at the given address in memory, writing it like a *FRESHLY ALLOCATED* C string. It is the caller’s responsibility to free it if necessary.
ucharAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store as a C char the Smalltalk Character or Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(char) bytes - i.e. 1 byte.
uintAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(int) bytes.
ulongAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(long) bytes.
unsignedCharAt: anAddress: Access the C unsigned char at the given address. The value is returned as a Smalltalk Character.
unsignedCharAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store as a C char the Smalltalk Character or Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(char) bytes - i.e. 1 byte.
unsignedIntAt: anAddress: Access the C unsigned int at the given address.
unsignedIntAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(int) bytes.
unsignedLongAt: anAddress: Access the C unsigned long int at the given address.
unsignedLongAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(long) bytes.
unsignedShortAt: anAddress: Access the C unsigned short int at the given address.
unsignedShortAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(short) bytes.
ushortAt: anAddress put: aValue: Store the Smalltalk Integer object identified by ‘value’, at the given address, using sizeof(short) bytes.

1.110 Message

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: I represent a message send. My instances are created to hold a message that has failed, so that error reporting methods can examine the sender and arguments, but also to represent method attributes (like <primitive: 111> since their syntax is isomorphic to that of a message send.

1.110.1 Message class: creating instances

selector: aSymbol argument: anObject: Create a new Message with the given selector and argument
selector: aSymbol arguments: anArray: Create a new Message with the given selector and arguments

1.110.2 Message: accessing

argument: Answer the first of the receiver’s arguments
arguments: Answer the receiver’s arguments
arguments: anArray: Set the receiver’s arguments
selector: Answer the receiver’s selector
selector: aSymbol: Set the receiver’s selector

1.110.3 Message: basic

printAsAttributeOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream, modeling it after the source code for a attribute.

1.110.4 Message: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation of the receiver on aStream
reinvokeFor: aReceiver: Resend to aReceiver - present for compatibility
sendTo: aReceiver: Resend to aReceiver

1.111 MessageNotUnderstood

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Error
Category: Language-Exceptions: MessageNotUnderstood represents an error during message lookup. Signaling it is the default action of the #doesNotUnderstand: handler

1.111.1 MessageNotUnderstood: accessing

message: Answer the message that wasn’t understood
receiver: Answer the object to whom the message send was directed

1.111.2 MessageNotUnderstood: description

description: Answer a textual description of the exception.
isResumable: Answer true. #doesNotUnderstand: exceptions are by default resumable.

1.112 Metaclass

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ClassDescription
Category: Language-Implementation: I am the root of the class hierarchy. My instances are metaclasses, one for each real class. My instances have a single instance, which they hold onto, which is the class that they are the metaclass of. I provide methods for creation of actual class objects from metaclass object, and the creation of metaclass objects, which are my instances. If this is confusing to you, it should be...the Smalltalk metaclass system is strange and complex.

1.112.1 Metaclass class: instance creation

subclassOf: superMeta: Answer a new metaclass representing a subclass of superMeta

1.112.2 Metaclass: accessing

instanceClass: Answer the only instance of the metaclass
primaryInstance: Answer the only instance of the metaclass - present for compatibility
soleInstance: Answer the only instance of the metaclass - present for compatibility

1.112.3 Metaclass: basic

name: className environment: aNamespace subclassOf: theSuperclass: Private - create a full featured class and install it, or change the superclass or shape of an existing one; instance variable names, class variable names and pool dictionaries are left untouched.
name: className environment: aNamespace subclassOf: newSuperclass instanceVariableArray: variableArray shape: shape classPool: classVarDict poolDictionaries: sharedPoolNames category: categoryName: Private - create a full featured class and install it, or change an existing one
name: newName environment: aNamespace subclassOf: theSuperclass instanceVariableNames: stringOfInstVarNames shape: shape classVariableNames: stringOfClassVarNames poolDictionaries: stringOfPoolNames category: categoryName: Private - parse the instance and class variables, and the pool dictionaries, then create the class.
newMeta: className environment: aNamespace subclassOf: theSuperclass instanceVariableArray: arrayOfInstVarNames shape: shape classPool: classVarDict poolDictionaries: sharedPoolNames category: categoryName: Private - create a full featured class and install it

1.112.4 Metaclass: compiling methods

poolResolution: Use my instance’s poolResolution.

1.112.5 Metaclass: delegation

addClassVarName: aString: Add a class variable with the given name to the class pool dictionary
addSharedPool: aDictionary: Add the given shared pool to the list of the class’ pool dictionaries
allClassVarNames: Answer the names of the variables in the receiver’s class pool dictionary and in each of the superclasses’ class pool dictionaries
allSharedPoolDictionariesDo: aBlock: Answer the shared pools visible from methods in the metaclass, in the correct search order.
allSharedPools: Return the names of the shared pools defined by the class and any of its superclasses
category: Answer the class category
classPool: Answer the class pool dictionary
classVarNames: Answer the names of the variables in the class pool dictionary
comment: Answer the class comment
debuggerClass: Answer the debugger class that was set in the instance class
environment: Answer the namespace in which the receiver is implemented
name: Answer the class name - it has none, actually
pragmaHandlerFor: aSymbol: Answer the (possibly inherited) registered handler for pragma aSymbol, or nil if not found.
removeClassVarName: aString: Removes the class variable from the class, error if not present, or still in use.
removeSharedPool: aDictionary: Remove the given dictionary to the list of the class’ pool dictionaries
sharedPools: Return the names of the shared pools defined by the class

1.112.6 Metaclass: filing

fileOutOn: aFileStream: File out complete class description: class definition, class and instance methods

1.112.7 Metaclass: printing

nameIn: aNamespace: Answer the class name when the class is referenced from aNamespace.
printOn: aStream: Print a represention of the receiver on aStream
printOn: aStream in: aNamespace: Print on aStream the class name when the class is referenced from aNamespace.
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver on aStream

1.112.8 Metaclass: testing functionality

asClass: Answer ‘instanceClass’.
isMetaclass: Answer ‘true’.

1.113 MethodContext

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: ContextPart
Category: Language-Implementation: My instances represent an actively executing method. They record various bits of information about the execution environment, and contain the execution stack.

1.113.1 MethodContext: accessing

home: Answer the MethodContext to which the receiver refers (i.e. the receiver itself)
isBlock: Answer whether the receiver is a block context
isDisabled: Answers whether the receiver has actually ended execution and will be skipped when doing a return. BlockContexts are removed from the chain whenever a non-local return is done, but MethodContexts need to stay there in case there is a non-local return from the #ensure: block.
isEnvironment: To create a valid execution environment for the interpreter even before it starts, GST creates a fake context which invokes a special “termination” method. Such a context can be used as a marker for the current execution environment. Answer whether the receiver is that kind of context.
isUnwind: Answers whether the context must continue execution even after a non-local return (a return from the enclosing method of a block, or a call to the #continue: method of ContextPart). Such contexts are created only by #ensure:.
mark: To create a valid execution environment for the interpreter even before it starts, GST creates a fake context which invokes a special “termination” method. A similar context is created by #valueWithUnwind, by using this method.
sender: Return the context from which the receiver was sent

1.113.2 MethodContext: debugging

isInternalExceptionHandlingContext

Answer whether the receiver is a context that should be hidden to the user when presenting a backtrace. Such contexts are identified through the #exceptionHandlingInternal: attribute: if there is such a context in the backtrace, all those above it are marked as internal.

That is, the attribute being set to true means that the context and all those above it are to be hidden, while the attribute being set to false means that the contexts above it must be hidden, but not the context itself.

1.113.3 MethodContext: printing

printOn: aStream: Print a representation for the receiver on aStream

1.114 MethodDictionary

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: IdentityDictionary
Category: Language-Implementation: I am similar to an IdentityDictionary, except that removal and rehashing operations inside my instances look atomic to the interpreter.

1.114.1 MethodDictionary: adding

at: key put: value: Store value as associated to the given key

1.114.2 MethodDictionary: rehashing

rehash: Rehash the receiver

1.114.3 MethodDictionary: removing

remove: anAssociation: Remove anAssociation’s key from the dictionary
removeKey: anElement ifAbsent: aBlock: Remove the passed key from the dictionary, answer the result of evaluating aBlock if it is not found

1.115 MethodInfo

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Object
Category: Language-Implementation: I provide information about particular methods. I can produce the category that a method was filed under, and can be used to access the source code of the method.

1.115.1 MethodInfo: accessing

category: Answer the method category
category: aCategory: Set the method category
methodClass: Answer the class in which the method is defined
methodClass: aClass: Set the class in which the method is defined
selector: Answer the selector through which the method is called
selector: aSymbol: Set the selector through which the method is called
sourceCode: Answer a FileSegment or String or nil containing the method source code
sourceFile: Answer the name of the file where the method source code is
sourcePos: Answer the starting position of the method source code in the sourceFile
sourceString: Answer a String containing the method source code
stripSourceCode: Remove the reference to the source code for the method

1.115.2 MethodInfo: equality

= aMethodInfo: Compare the receiver and aMethodInfo, answer whether they’re equal
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.116 Namespace

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: AbstractNamespace
Category: Language-Implementation: I am a Namespace that has a super-namespace.

1.116.1 Namespace class: accessing

current: Answer the current namespace
current: aNamespaceOrClass: Set the current namespace to be aNamespace or, if it is a class, its class pool (the Dictionary that holds class variables).

1.116.2 Namespace class: disabling instance creation

new: Disabled - use #addSubspace: to create instances
new: size: Disabled - use #addSubspace: to create instances

1.116.3 Namespace class: initialization

initialize: This actually is not needed, the job could be done in dict.c (function namespace_new). But I’m lazy and I prefer to rely on the Smalltalk implementation of IdentitySet.

1.116.4 Namespace: accessing

inheritedKeys: Answer a Set of all the keys in the receiver and its superspaces

1.116.5 Namespace: namespace hierarchy

siblings: Answer all the other namespaces that inherit from the receiver’s superspace.
siblingsDo: aBlock: Evaluate aBlock once for each of the other namespaces that inherit from the receiver’s superspace, passing the namespace as a parameter.

1.116.6 Namespace: overrides for superspaces

associationAt: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Return the key/value pair associated to the variable named as specified by ‘key’. If the key is not found search will be brought on in superspaces, finally evaluating aBlock if the variable cannot be found in any of the superspaces.
associationsDo: aBlock: Pass each association in the namespace to aBlock
at: key ifAbsent: aBlock: Return the value associated to the variable named as specified by ‘key’. If the key is not found search will be brought on in superspaces, finally evaluating aBlock if the variable cannot be found in any of the superspaces.
at: key ifPresent: aBlock: If aKey is absent from the receiver and all its superspaces, answer nil. Else, evaluate aBlock passing the associated value and answer the result of the invocation
do: aBlock: Pass each value in the namespace to aBlock
includesKey: key: Answer whether the receiver or any of its superspaces contain the given key
keysAndValuesDo: aBlock: Pass to aBlock each of the receiver’s keys and values, in two separate parameters
keysDo: aBlock: Pass to aBlock each of the receiver’s keys
set: key to: newValue ifAbsent: aBlock: Assign newValue to the variable named as specified by ‘key’. This method won’t define a new variable; instead if the key is not found it will search in superspaces and evaluate aBlock if it is not found. Answer newValue.
size: Answer the number of keys in the receiver and each of its superspaces

1.116.7 Namespace: printing

nameIn: aNamespace: Answer Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver when the current namespace is aNamespace
printOn: aStream in: aNamespace: Print on aStream some Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver when the current namespace is aNamespace
storeOn: aStream: Store Smalltalk code compiling to the receiver

1.117 NetClients.URIResolver

Defined in namespace Smalltalk.NetClients
Superclass: Object
Category: NetClients-URIResolver: This class publishes methods to download files from the Internet.

1.117.1 NetClients.URIResolver class: api

openOn: aURI: Always raise an error, as this method is not supported without loading the additional NetClients package.
openOn: aURI ifFail: aBlock: Always evaluate aBlock and answer the result if the additional NetClients package is not loaded. If it is, instead, return a WebEntity with the contents of the resource specified by anURI, and only evaluate the block if loading the resource fails.
openStreamOn: aURI: Check if aURI can be fetched from the Internet or from the local system, and if so return a Stream with its contents. If this is not possible, raise an exception.
openStreamOn: aURI ifFail: aBlock: Check if aURI can be fetched from the Internet or from the local system, and if so return a Stream with its contents. If this is not possible, instead, evaluate the zero-argument block aBlock and answer the result of the evaluation.

1.117.2 NetClients.URIResolver class: instance creation

on: anURL: Answer a new URIResolver that will do its best to fetch the data for anURL from the Internet.

1.118 NetClients.URL

Defined in namespace Smalltalk.NetClients
Superclass: Object

1.118.1 NetClients.URL class: encoding URLs

decode: aString: Decode a text/x-www-form-urlencoded String into a text/plain String.
encode: anURL: Encode a text/plain into a text/x-www-form-urlencoded String (those things with lots of % in them).
initialize: Initialize the receiver’s class variables.

1.118.2 NetClients.URL class: instance creation

fromString: aString: Parse the given URL and answer an URL object based on it.
new: Answer a ’blank’ URL.
scheme: schemeString host: hostString path: pathString: Answer an URL object made from all the parts passed as arguments.
scheme: schemeString host: hostString port: portNumber path: pathString: Answer an URL object made from all the parts passed as arguments.
scheme: schemeString path: pathString: Answer an URL object made from all the parts passed as arguments.
scheme: schemeString username: userString password: passwordString host: hostString port: portNumber path: pathString: Answer an URL object made from all the parts passed as arguments.

1.118.3 NetClients.URL: accessing

asString: Answer the full request string corresponding to the URL. This is how the URL would be printed in the address bar of a web browser, except that the query data is printed even if it is to be sent through a POST request.
decodedFields: Convert the form fields to a Dictionary, answer nil if no question mark is found in the URL.
decodedFile: Answer the file part of the URL, decoding it from x-www-form-urlencoded format.
decodedFragment: Answer the fragment part of the URL, decoding it from x-www-form-urlencoded format.
fragment: Answer the fragment part of the URL, leaving it in x-www-form-urlencoded format.
fragment: aString: Set the fragment part of the URL, which should be in x-www-form-urlencoded format.
fullRequestString: Answer the full request string corresponding to the URL. This is how the URL would be printed in the address bar of a web browser, except that the query data is printed even if it is to be sent through a POST request.
hasPostData: Answer whether the URL has a query part but is actually for an HTTP POST request and not really part of the URL (as it would be for the HTTP GET request).
hasPostData: aBoolean: Set whether the query part of the URL is actually the data for an HTTP POST request and not really part of the URL (as it would be for the HTTP GET request).
host: Answer the host part of the URL.
host: aString: Set the host part of the URL to aString.
newsGroup: If the receiver is an nntp url, return the news group.
password: Answer the password part of the URL.
password: aString: Set the password part of the URL to aString.
path: Answer the path part of the URL.
path: aString: Set the path part of the URL to aString.
port: Answer the port number part of the URL.
port: anInteger: Set the port number part of the URL to anInteger.
postData: Answer whether the URL has a query part and it is meant for an HTTP POST request, answer it. Else answer nil.
postData: aString: Associate to the URL some data that is meant to be sent through an HTTP POST request, answer it.
query: Answer the query data associated to the URL.
query: aString: Set the query data associated to the URL to aString.
requestString: Answer the URL as it would be sent in an HTTP stream (that is, the path and the query data, the latter only if it is to be sent with an HTTP POST request).
scheme: Answer the URL’s scheme.
scheme: aString: Set the URL’s scheme to be aString.
username: Answer the username part of the URL.
username: aString: Set the username part of the URL to aString.

1.118.4 NetClients.URL: comparing

= anURL: Answer whether the two URLs are equal. The file and anchor are converted to full 8-bit ASCII (contrast with urlencoded) and the comparison is case-sensitive; on the other hand, the protocol and host are compared without regard to case.
hash: Answer an hash value for the receiver

1.118.5 NetClients.URL: copying

copyWithoutAuxiliaryParts: Answer a copy of the receiver where the fragment and query parts of the URL have been cleared.
copyWithoutFragment: Answer a copy of the receiver where the fragment parts of the URL has been cleared.
postCopy: All the variables are copied when an URL object is copied.

1.118.6 NetClients.URL: initialize-release

initialize: Initialize the object to a consistent state.

1.118.7 NetClients.URL: printing

printOn: stream: Print a representation of the URL on the given stream.

1.118.8 NetClients.URL: still unclassified

contents: Not commented.
entity: Not commented.
readStream: Not commented.

1.118.9 NetClients.URL: testing

canCache: Answer whether the URL is cacheable. The current implementation considers file URLs not to be cacheable, and everything else to be.
hasFragment: Answer whether the URL points to a particular fragment (anchor) of the resource.
hasQuery: Answer whether the URL includes query arguments to be submitted when retrieving the resource.
isFileScheme: Answer whether the URL is a file URL.
isFragmentOnly: Answer whether the URL only includes the name of a particular fragment (anchor) of the resource to which it refers.

1.118.10 NetClients.URL: utilities

construct: anURL: Construct an absolute URL based on the relative URL anURL and the base path represented by the receiver

1.119 Notification

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: Exception
Category: Language-Exceptions: Notification represents a resumable, exceptional yet non-erroneous, situation. Signaling a notification in absence of an handler simply returns nil.

1.119.1 Notification: exception description

defaultAction: Do the default action for notifications, which is to resume execution of the context which signaled the exception.
description: Answer a textual description of the exception.
isResumable: Answer true. Notification exceptions are by default resumable.

1.120 NullProxy

Defined in namespace Smalltalk
Superclass: AlternativeObjectProxy
Category: Streams-Files: I am a proxy that does no special processing on the object to be saved. I can be used to disable proxies for particular subclasses. My subclasses add to the stored information, but share the fact that the format is about the same as that of #dump: without a proxy.

1.120.1 NullProxy class: instance creation

loadFrom: anObjectDumper: Reload the object stored in anObjectDumper

1.120.2 NullProxy: accessing

dumpTo: anObjectDumper: Dump the

• AbstractNamespace class-instance creation:		(class)
• AbstractNamespace-accessing:		(instance)
• AbstractNamespace-compiling:		(instance)
• AbstractNamespace-copying:		(instance)
• AbstractNamespace-namespace hierarchy:		(instance)
• AbstractNamespace-overrides for superspaces:		(instance)
• AbstractNamespace-printing:		(instance)
• AbstractNamespace-testing:		(instance)

• AlternativeObjectProxy class-instance creation:		(class)
• AlternativeObjectProxy-accessing:		(instance)

• Array class-instance creation:		(class)
• Array-built ins:		(instance)
• Array-mutating objects:		(instance)
• Array-printing:		(instance)
• Array-testing:		(instance)

• ArrayedCollection class-instance creation:		(class)
• ArrayedCollection-basic:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-built ins:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-compiler:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-copying Collections:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-enumerating the elements of a collection:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-sorting:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-storing:		(instance)
• ArrayedCollection-streams:		(instance)

• Association class-basic:		(class)
• Association-accessing:		(instance)
• Association-finalization:		(instance)
• Association-printing:		(instance)
• Association-storing:		(instance)
• Association-testing:		(instance)

• Autoload class-instance creation:		(class)
• Autoload-accessing:		(instance)

• Bag class-basic:		(class)
• Bag-adding:		(instance)
• Bag-enumerating the elements of a collection:		(instance)
• Bag-extracting items:		(instance)
• Bag-printing:		(instance)
• Bag-removing:		(instance)
• Bag-storing:		(instance)
• Bag-testing collections:		(instance)

• Behavior-accessing class hierarchy:		(instance)
• Behavior-accessing instances and variables:		(instance)
• Behavior-accessing the method dictionary:		(instance)
• Behavior-built ins:		(instance)
• Behavior-builtin:		(instance)
• Behavior-compilation:		(instance)
• Behavior-compilation (alternative):		(instance)
• Behavior-compiling:		(instance)
• Behavior-compiling methods:		(instance)
• Behavior-creating a class hierarchy:		(instance)
• Behavior-enumerating:		(instance)
• Behavior-evaluating:		(instance)
• Behavior-instance creation:		(instance)
• Behavior-instance variables:		(instance)
• Behavior-method dictionary:		(instance)
• Behavior-parsing class declarations:		(instance)
• Behavior-pluggable behavior (not yet implemented):		(instance)
• Behavior-printing hierarchy:		(instance)
• Behavior-source code:		(instance)
• Behavior-still unclassified:		(instance)
• Behavior-support for lightweight classes:		(instance)
• Behavior-testing functionality:		(instance)
• Behavior-testing the class hierarchy:		(instance)
• Behavior-testing the form of the instances:		(instance)
• Behavior-testing the method dictionary:		(instance)

• BindingDictionary-accessing:		(instance)
• BindingDictionary-basic & copying:		(instance)
• BindingDictionary-copying:		(instance)
• BindingDictionary-forward declarations:		(instance)
• BindingDictionary-printing:		(instance)
• BindingDictionary-testing:		(instance)

• BlockClosure class-instance creation:		(class)
• BlockClosure class-testing:		(class)
• BlockClosure-accessing:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-built ins:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-control structures:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-exception handling:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-multiple process:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-overriding:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-testing:		(instance)
• BlockClosure-unwind protection:		(instance)

• BlockContext-accessing:		(instance)
• BlockContext-debugging:		(instance)
• BlockContext-printing:		(instance)

• Boolean class-testing:		(class)
• Boolean-basic:		(instance)
• Boolean-C hacks:		(instance)
• Boolean-overriding:		(instance)
• Boolean-storing:		(instance)

• ByteArray class-instance creation:		(class)
• ByteArray-basic:		(instance)
• ByteArray-built ins:		(instance)
• ByteArray-CObject:		(instance)
• ByteArray-converting:		(instance)
• ByteArray-more advanced accessing:		(instance)
• ByteArray-storing:		(instance)

• CAggregate class-accessing:		(class)
• CAggregate-accessing:		(instance)

• CArrayCType class-instance creation:		(class)
• CArrayCType-accessing:		(instance)
• CArrayCType-basic:		(instance)
• CArrayCType-storing:		(instance)

• CBoolean class-conversion:		(class)
• CBoolean-accessing:		(instance)

• CByte class-conversion:		(class)
• CByte-accessing:		(instance)

• CCallable class-instance creation:		(class)
• CCallable-accessing:		(instance)
• CCallable-calling:		(instance)
• CCallable-restoring:		(instance)

• CCallbackDescriptor class-instance creation:		(class)
• CCallbackDescriptor-accessing:		(instance)
• CCallbackDescriptor-restoring:		(instance)

• CChar class-accessing:		(class)
• CChar-accessing:		(instance)
• CChar-conversion:		(instance)

• CCompound class-instance creation:		(class)
• CCompound class-subclass creation:		(class)
• CCompound-debugging:		(instance)

• CDouble class-accessing:		(class)
• CDouble-accessing:		(instance)

• CFloat class-accessing:		(class)
• CFloat-accessing:		(instance)

• CFunctionDescriptor class-instance creation:		(class)
• CFunctionDescriptor class-testing:		(class)
• CFunctionDescriptor-accessing:		(instance)
• CFunctionDescriptor-printing:		(instance)
• CFunctionDescriptor-restoring:		(instance)

• Character class-built ins:		(class)
• Character class-constants:		(class)
• Character class-initializing lookup tables:		(class)
• Character class-instance creation:		(class)
• Character class-testing:		(class)
• Character-built ins:		(instance)
• Character-coercion methods:		(instance)
• Character-comparing:		(instance)
• Character-converting:		(instance)
• Character-printing:		(instance)
• Character-storing:		(instance)
• Character-testing:		(instance)
• Character-testing functionality:		(instance)

• CharacterArray class-basic:		(class)
• CharacterArray class-multibyte encodings:		(class)
• CharacterArray-basic:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-built ins:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-comparing:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-converting:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-multibyte encodings:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-still unclassified:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-string processing:		(instance)
• CharacterArray-testing functionality:		(instance)

• CInt class-accessing:		(class)
• CInt-accessing:		(instance)

• ClassDescription-compiling:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-conversion:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-copying:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-filing:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-organization of messages and classes:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-parsing class declarations:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-printing:		(instance)
• ClassDescription-still unclassified:		(instance)

• CLong class-accessing:		(class)
• CLong-accessing:		(instance)

• CLongDouble class-accessing:		(class)
• CLongDouble-accessing:		(instance)