Supported Protocols in URL.el

ProtocolDescriptionSpecification
http
https
HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1 including Basic and Digest Authentication RFC2616, RFC2617
cid Content-ID RFC2111
file
ftp
File Transfer Protocol RFC1808
imap IMAP RFC2192
irc Internet Relay Chat draft-mirashi-url-irc-01
ldap Lightweight Directory Access Protocol RFC2255
mailto Email messages, with optional header and body parts. RFC2368
news NNTP server access draft-gilman-news-url-01
nfs Network File System Access RFC2224
info GNU Info Pages Unknown
man UNIX Manual Pages Unknown
rlogin
telnet
tn3270
Various forms of remote shell access RFC1738
data Directly embedded data RFC2397

All of these protocols are able to be proxied by the client.