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OpenPanorama: @digest: 40816e7b46f04ad670b33aaf96c753ac; @id: 146627; @mdate: 2003-07-08T16:34:43Z; @size: 16623; @type: text/html; content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1; #keywords: aureole (67318), aureoles (40061), dazzle (33605), lensflare (33566), flare (28393), 0xff00ff (14319), openpanorama (12025), lens (9261), panoramas (5492), immervision (4449), light (4010), blinded (3606), viewer (2774), composants (2718), simulates (2215), mapping (2119), intense (1966), perceive (1926), momentarily (1714), effects (1661), optical (1583), simulating (1568), color (1478), 255 (1261), formula (1017), position (1011), hexadecimal (986), intensity (967), positioned (878), pixel (868), reality (844), impression (780); Light effects I. Light effects Light effects were introduced by ImmerVision. Like 3D sounds, they make it possible to make panoramas more dynamic, and add a feeling of reality by simulating the effects of real light sources. The user gets the impression of looking around a non-static environment. A light is positioned simply using two angles ( α and β ), as shown on the following diagram: There are two types of light effects, which can be used simultaneously: - dazzle or glare - lens flare A. Dazzle Dazzle simulates the effect we perceive have when we look at the sun with the naked eye or with a camera and are momentarily “blinded” by the intensity of the light. Without dazzle: With dazzle: B. Lens flare Lens flare is the aureoles, which appear when a multiple-element optical system has a source of intense light in its field. Without lens flare: With lens flare: This effect is obtained with using an image that defines the series of optical artefacts that simulate the refraction of light within a lens. The image below is an example: This grey scal image is in fact a sort of alphachannel mask for the color we will give to each aureole. As you can see, the mapping of each aureole is square, so the number of aureoles in a mapping may vary, because this number may be deduced by the relationship between the height and the width of the image: "number of aureoles" = height/width II. Lens flare format The lens flare is an object which can be reuse, so it will have it's own XML specification. To create a lensflare, we just need a list of aureoles, where each aureole need the following parameter: - a number which indentify the aureole on the mapping (0 is the aureol on the top, 1 is the second from the top, etc...) 0 1 2 3 - a color (more the color is dark, more the aureol will be transparent) To display the aureole with the good color, it's just necessary to stretch the corresponding mapping, and copy it in the viewer. When you copy it in the viewer, for each pixel of the mapping, you need: - the color of the pixel on the mapping (value between 0 and 255) we will call M - the color of correponding pixel in the viewer window we will call P - the color we want the aureole to have (the one we are talking about in this paragraph) we will call A No we are considering that AR , AG, AB are the red, green and bleu composant of A (value between 0 and 255 for each) and PR, PG, PB the red, greenand blue composants of P (value between 0 and 255 for each). To know the red, green and blue composants (respectively VR, VG, VB) of the pixel to copy in the viewer we just have to use this small program: VR = PR+(AR*M)/255; if (VR > 255) VR = 255; VG = PG+(AG*M)/255; if (VG > 255) VG = 255; VB = PB+(AB*M)/255; if (VB > 255) VB = 255; You just have to do that for all the pixels to have one oreaule and for all aureole to have the complete lens flare. - a value which give the position of the aureole The following diagram show how a lensflare work: C is the center of the viewer, and S is the light source. You can see that all aureoles are centered on the SC line. The value which give the position of an aureole is 0 at S and 100 at C. This value can be a float and negative. - a value which give the size of the aureole : if DV is the size of the diagonal of the viewer (in pixel), DF the size of the digonal of the mapping of the aureole (in pixel), and VAL the value we are talking about, then the following formula must be verified: DF = (DV*VAL)/100 This formula give the size of the aureole in the viewer. III. XML examples A. OpenPanorama lens flare file format example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  < lensFLare image =" masque.gif " xmlns =" http://www.openpanorama.org/lensflare ">  < flare map =" 0 " color =" 0xaa00aa " position =" 0.10 " size =" 5.12 "/> < flare map =" 2 " color =" 0x00aaaa " position =" 90.3 " size =" 10.54 "/> < flare map =" 3 " color =" 0x99aaaa " position =" 30.7 " size =" 2.28 "/> < flare map =" 1 " color =" 0x000055 " position =" 60.2 " size =" 4.26 "/> < flare map =" 2 " color =" 0xaa0055 " position =" -10.5 " size =" 7.97 "/> </ lensFLare > B. Light usage example  < light id =" mylight " layer =" 3 " visible =" true " tilt =" 90 " pan =" 90 " dazzle =" #ffffff " lensflare =" myflare.opl "/> Copyright (c) 2002-2003 OpenPanorama ...; http://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/non-gnu/openpanorama/documents/lighteffects/ - [detail] - [similar]

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