# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: common-distros.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-02 03:56+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'title' of: <link> msgid "Free GNU/Linux distributions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h2> msgid "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "We're often asked why we don't endorse a particular system—usually a " "popular GNU/Linux distribution. The short answer to that question is that " "they don't follow the <a " "href=\"/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html\">free system " "distribution guidelines</a>. But since it isn't always obvious how a " "particular distro fails to follow the guidelines, this list gives more " "information about the problems of certain well-known nonfree system distros." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "To learn more about the GNU/Linux systems that we do endorse, check out our " "list of <a href=\"/distros/free-distros.html\">free GNU/Linux " "distributions</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Except where noted, all of the distributions listed on this page fail to " "follow the guidelines in at least two important ways:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "They do not have a policy of <em>only</em> including free software, and " "removing nonfree software if it is discovered. Most of them have no clear " "policy on what software they'll accept or reject at all. The distributions " "that do have a policy unfortunately aren't strict enough, as explained " "below." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> msgid "" "The kernel that they distribute (in most cases, Linux) includes " "“blobs”: pieces of object code distributed without source, " "usually firmware to run some device." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Here is a list of some popular nonfree GNU/Linux distributions in " "alphabetical order, with brief notes about how they fall short. We do not " "aim for completeness; once we know some reasons we can't endorse a certain " "distro, we do not keep looking for all the reasons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "A distro may have changed since we last updated information about it; if you " "think one of the problems mentioned here has been corrected, please <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\">let us know</a>. However, we will study " "and endorse a distro only if its developers ask for our endorsement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Arch GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Arch has no policy against distributing nonfree software through their " "normal channels, and nonfree blobs are shipped with their kernel, Linux." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Canaima" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Canaima GNU/Linux is a distribution made by Venezuela's government to " "distribute computers with GNU/Linux. While the overall plan is admirable, " "Canaima is flawed by the inclusion of nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Its main menu has an option, “Install nonfree software”, which " "installs all the nonfree drivers (even the ones that are not necessary). The " "distro also ships blobs for the kernel, Linux, and invites installing " "nonfree applications including Flash Player." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "CentOS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "We're not aware of problems in CentOS aside from the two usual ones: there's " "no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree blobs are " "shipped with Linux, the kernel. Of course, with no firm policy in place, " "there might be other nonfree software included that we missed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Debian GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Debian's Social Contract states the goal of making Debian entirely free " "software, and Debian conscientiously keeps nonfree software out of the " "official Debian system. However, Debian also maintains a repository of " "nonfree software. According to the project, this software is “not " "part of the Debian system,” but the repository is hosted on many of " "the project's main servers, and people can readily find these nonfree " "packages by browsing Debian's online package database and its wiki." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "There is also a “contrib” repository; its packages are free, but " "some of them exist to load separately distributed proprietary programs. " "This too is not thoroughly separated from the main Debian distribution." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Debian is the only common non-endorsed distribution to keep nonfree blobs " "out of its main distribution. However, the problem partly remains. The " "nonfree firmware files live in Debian's nonfree repository, which is " "referenced in the documentation on debian.org, and the installer in some " "cases recommends them for the peripherals on the machine." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "In addition, some of the free programs that are officially part of Debian " "invite the user to install some nonfree programs. Specifically, the Debian " "versions of Firefox and Chromium suggest nonfree plug-ins to install into " "them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "Debian's wiki also includes pages about installing nonfree firmware." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Fedora" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Fedora does have a clear policy about what can be included in the " "distribution, and it seems to be followed carefully. The policy requires " "that most software and all fonts be available under a free license, but " "makes an exception for certain kinds of nonfree firmware. Unfortunately, " "the decision to allow that firmware in the policy keeps Fedora from meeting " "the free system distribution guidelines." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Gentoo GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Gentoo includes installation recipes for a number of nonfree programs in its " "primary package system." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Mandriva GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Mandriva does have a stated policy about what can be included in the main " "system. It's based on Fedora's, which means that it also allows certain " "kinds of nonfree firmware to be included. On top of that, it permits " "software released under the original Artistic License to be included, even " "though that's a nonfree license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "Mandriva also ships nonfree software through dedicated repositories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Manjaro GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Manjaro includes nonfree software through its normal channels, and ships " "nonfree blobs with its kernel, Linux. It includes a proprietary office suite " "and proprietary games with DRM. The distro also recommends the installation " "of nonfree drivers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Mint GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Mint does not have a policy against including nonfree software, it includes " "nonfree binary blobs in drivers packaged with the kernel, and it includes " "nonfree programs in its repositories. It even includes proprietary codecs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "openSUSE" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "openSUSE offers a repository of nonfree software. This is an instance of " "how <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> " "“open” is weaker than “free”</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Red Hat GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Red Hat's enterprise distribution primarily follows the same licensing " "policies as Fedora, with one exception. Thus, we don't endorse it for <a " "href=\"#Fedora\">the same reasons</a>. In addition to those, Red Hat has no " "policy against making nonfree software available for the system through " "supplementary distribution channels." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Slackware" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Slackware has the two usual problems: there's no clear policy about what " "software can be included, and nonfree blobs are included in Linux, the " "kernel. It also ships with the nonfree image-viewing program xv. Of " "course, with no firm policy against them, more nonfree programs could get in " "at any time. There is an <a href=\"http://freeslack.net/\">unofficial " "list</a> of nonfree software in Slackware." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "SteamOS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "SteamOS, a version of GNU/Linux to be distributed by Valve. It contains " "proprietary software, including the Steam client and proprietary " "drivers. Steam uses <a " "href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm_digital_restrictions_management\">Digital " "Restrictions Management (DRM)</a> to impose restrictions on the software it " "distributes, as well as on the proprietary software it promotes via the " "Steam store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "SUSE GNU/Linux Enterprise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "In addition to the usual two problems, several nonfree software programs are " "available for download from SUSE's official FTP site." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Tails" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Tails uses the vanilla version of Linux, which contains nonfree firmware " "blobs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Ubuntu GNU/Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Ubuntu maintains specific repositories of nonfree software, and Canonical " "expressly promotes and recommends nonfree software under the Ubuntu name in " "some of their distribution channels. Ubuntu offers the option to install " "only free packages, which means it also offers the option to install nonfree " "packages too. In addition, the version of Linux, the kernel, included in " "Ubuntu contains firmware blobs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Ubuntu <a " "href=\"https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/intellectual-property-policy#your-use-of-ubuntu\">appears " "to permit commercial redistribution of exact copies with the trademarks</a>; " "removal of the trademarks is required only for modified versions. That is " "an acceptable policy for trademarks. However, the same page, further down, " "makes a vague and ominous statement about “Ubuntu patents,” " "without giving enough details to show whether that constitutes aggression or " "not." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "That page spreads confusion by using the misleading term <a " "href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">“intellectual property " "rights”</a>, which falsely presumes that trademark law and patent law " "and several other laws belong in one single conceptual framework. Use of " "that term is harmful, without exception, so after making a reference to " "someone else's use of the term, we should always reject it. However, that " "is not a substantive issue about Ubuntu as a GNU/Linux distribution." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h2> msgid "Some Other Distros" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Here we discuss some well-known or significant non-GNU/Linux system distros " "that do not qualify as free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Android" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html\">Android</a> as " "released by Google contains many nonfree parts as well as many free parts. " "Most of the free parts are covered by a pushover license (not <a " "href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>), so manufacturers that " "distribute Android in a product sometimes make those parts nonfree as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "BSD systems" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD all include instructions for obtaining nonfree " "programs in their ports system. In addition, their kernels include nonfree " "firmware blobs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Nonfree firmware programs used with Linux, the kernel, are called " "“blobs”, and that's how we use the term. In BSD parlance, the " "term “blob” means something else: a nonfree driver. OpenBSD and " "perhaps other BSD distributions (called “projects” by BSD " "developers) have the policy of not including those. That is the right " "policy, as regards drivers; but when the developers say these distributions " "“contain no blobs”, it causes a misunderstanding. They are not " "talking about firmware blobs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "None of those BSD distributions has policies against proprietary binary-only " "firmware that might be loaded even by free drivers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Chrome OS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "The central part of Chrome OS is the nonfree Chrome browser. It may contain " "other nonfree software as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "The rest of it is based on <a href=\"#ChromiumOS\">ChromiumOS</a>, so it " "also has the problems of Chromium OS, plus the nonfree parts of Android." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Chromium OS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Chromium OS contains proprietary software, including firmware blobs and " "nonfree user-space binaries to support specific hardware on some computers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "In addition, the login system surveils users, as it requires a Google " "account (Chromium OS does not support local accounts). The " "“guest” session feature is not a real alternative to logging in " "with a Google account, because it doesn't allow persistent storage and " "limits the system's features." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "/e/" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "/e/ (formerly eelo) is a modified version of Android, which contains nonfree " "libraries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "Haiku" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Haiku includes some software that you're not allowed to modify. It also " "includes nonfree firmware blobs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "LineageOS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "LineageOS (formerly CyanogenMod) is a modified version of Android, which " "contains nonfree libraries. It also explains how to install the nonfree " "applications that Google distributes with Android." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <h3> msgid "ReactOS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "ReactOS is meant as a free binary compatible replacement for Windows. Use " "with proprietary software and drivers meant for Windows is one of the stated " "goals of the project." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2014-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""