msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <style> #, no-wrap msgid " .reduced-width { width: 55em; }\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "<a href=\"#TOC\">Table of contents</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary software, also called nonfree software, means software that " "doesn't <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">respect users' freedom and " "community</a>. A proprietary program puts its developer or owner <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> in a position " "of power over its users.</a> This power is in itself an injustice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "The point of this page is that the initial injustice of proprietary software " "often leads to further injustices: malicious functionalities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Power corrupts; the proprietary program's developer is tempted to design the " "program to mistreat its users. (Software whose functioning mistreats the " "user is called <em>malware</em>.) Of course, the developer usually does not " "do this out of malice, but rather to profit more at the users' expense. " "That does not make it any less nasty or more legitimate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Yielding to that temptation has become ever more frequent; nowadays it is " "standard practice. Modern proprietary software is typically a way to be " "had." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "As of October, 2019, the pages in this directory list around 400 instances " "of malicious functionalities (with more than 500 references to back them " "up), but there are surely thousands more we don't know about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><th> msgid "Injustices or techniques" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><th> msgid "Products or companies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">Addictions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">Back doors</a> (<a " "href=\"#f1\">1</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">Censorship</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">Deception</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html\">DRM</a> (<a " "href=\"#f2\">2</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">Fraud</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">Incompatibility</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">Insecurity</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">Interference</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">Jails</a> (<a " "href=\"#f3\">3</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">Manipulation</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">Obsolescence</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">Sabotage</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">Subscriptions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">Tethers</a> (<a " "href=\"#f4\">4</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">Tyrants</a> (<a " "href=\"#f5\">5</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html\">In the pipe</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">Appliances</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html\">Cars</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">Games</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">Webpages</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html\">Adobe</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html\">Amazon</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html\">Google</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">Microsoft</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Back door:</em> any feature of a program that enables someone who " "is not supposed to be in control of the computer where it is installed to " "send it commands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Digital restrictions management, or “DRM”:</em> " "functionalities designed to restrict what users can do with the data in " "their computers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "<em>Jail:</em> system that imposes censorship on application programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Tether:</em> functionality that requires permanent (or very " "frequent) connection to a server." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Tyrant:</em> system that rejects any operating system not " "“authorized” by the manufacturer." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Users of proprietary software are defenseless against these forms of " "mistreatment. The way to avoid them is by insisting on <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">free " "(freedom-respecting) software</a>. Since free software is controlled by its " "users, they have a pretty good defense against malicious software " "functionality." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Latest additions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Some <span>social networking</span> apps are <a " "href=\"https://www.jeffbullas.com/facebook-creates-addiction/\"> designed to " "get users addicted</a>. These try to merge into your daily routine by " "exploiting social pressure and your natural desire for socialization, " "converting habitual gestures into thorough addiction. As already noted for " "games, addictiveness is essentially based on random rewards. In the present " "case, the rewards are messages from friends and followers, " "“likes,” news, interesting videos, etc. The software is designed " "to trigger users' desire for these rewards, and keep this desire alive as " "long as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "By default, notifications are sent every time a new item comes in, instead " "of, say, once a day. They are associated with sounds or vibrations which " "make them even more compelling. (Remember Pavlov's experiments with rats.) " "These triggers are often opt-out, and many users don't try to turn them " "off. They are most effective when the app is installed on a mobile device " "which is always on and never leaves the user. As a side effect, they may " "contribute to the <a " "href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction\"> " "addictiveness of “smart” phones</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Users are served selected material that is likely to interest them, based on " "<a " "href=\"https://theconversation.com/facebook-is-killing-democracy-with-its-personality-profiling-data-93611\"> " "profiling</a>. (This paves the way to <a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">manipulation</a>, by the " "way.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "The app interface is designed to make users stay on the site as long as " "possible, using <a " "href=\"https://uxplanet.org/ux-infinite-scrolling-vs-pagination-1030d29376f1\"> " "infinite scrolling</a> for example." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "The company that owns the social network tries to cover users' needs as " "extensively as possible, by <a " "href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Facebook\"> " "acquiring other companies</a> if needed. Once users have concentrated most " "of their online activities and a lot of their personal data on a single " "platform (or a set of platforms that belong to the same group), they find it " "<a " "href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/01/antisocial-media-why-decided-cut-back-facebook-instagram\"> " "almost impossible to leave</a>. And even if they wanted to, they would have " "a hard time digging out the relevant options, and the app would aggressively " "nag them to stay." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "A good way to minimize the risk of addiction, short of avoiding social media " "altogether, is to turn off notifications and leave as little as possible of " "your own data on the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Safari occasionally <a " "href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2019/10/13/dear-apple-safe-browsing-might-not-be-that-safe/\"> " "sends browsing data from Apple devices in China to the Tencent Safe Browsing " "service</a>, to check URLs that possibly correspond to " "“fraudulent” websites. Since Tencent collaborates with the " "Chinese government, its Safe Browsing black list most certainly contains the " "websites of political opponents. By linking the requests originating from " "single IP addresses, the government can identify dissenters in China and " "Hong Kong, thus endangering their lives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Apple plans to require that <a " "href=\"https://www.macrumors.com/2019/04/08/mac-apps-notarization-macos-10-14-5/\"> " "all application software for MacOS be approved by Apple first</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Offering a checking service as an option could be useful and would not be " "wrong. Requiring users to get Apple's approval is tyranny. Apple says the " "check will only look for malware (not counting the malware that is <a " "href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html#TOC\">part of the operating " "system</a>), but Apple could change that policy step by step. Or perhaps " "Apple will define malware to include any app that China does not like." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "For free software, this means users will need to get Apple's approval after " "compilation. This amounts to a system of surveilling the use of free " "programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "The Chinese Communist Party's “Study the Great Nation” app " "requires users to grant it <a " "href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/chinese-app-allows-officials-access-to-100-million-users-phone-report-2115962\"> " "access to the phone's microphone, photos, text messages, contacts, and " "internet history</a>, and the Android version was found to contain a " "back-door allowing developers to run any code they wish in the users' phone, " "as “superusers.” Downloading and using this app is mandatory at " "some workplaces." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Note: The <a " "href=\"http://web-old.archive.org/web/20191015005153/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinese-app-on-xis-ideology-allows-data-access-to-100-million-users-phones-report-says/2019/10/11/2d53bbae-eb4d-11e9-bafb-da248f8d5734_story.html\"> " "Washington Post version of the article</a> (partly obfuscated, but readable " "after copy-pasting in a text editor) includes a clarification saying that " "the tests were only performed on the Android version of the app, and that, " "according to Apple, “this kind of ‘superuser’ surveillance " "could not be conducted on Apple's operating system.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Apple <a " "href=\"https://boingboing.net/2019/10/07/apple-ios-13-1-2-for-hong-kong.html\"> " "censors the Taiwan flag in iOS</a> on behalf of the Chinese government. When " "the region is set to Hong Kong, this flag is not visible in the emoji " "selection widget but is still accessible. When the region is set to mainland " "China, all attempts to display it will result in the “empty " "emoji” icon as if the flag never existed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Thus, not only does Apple use the App Store as an instrument of censorship, " "it also uses the iThing operating system for that purpose." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software " "Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: proprietary.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2019-11-18 13:55+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <style> #, no-wrap msgid " .reduced-width { width: 55em; }\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "<a href=\"#TOC\">Table of contents</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary software, also called nonfree software, means software that " "doesn't <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">respect users' freedom and " "community</a>. A proprietary program puts its developer or owner <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> in a position " "of power over its users.</a> This power is in itself an injustice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "The point of this page is that the initial injustice of proprietary software " "often leads to further injustices: malicious functionalities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Power corrupts; the proprietary program's developer is tempted to design the " "program to mistreat its users. (Software whose functioning mistreats the " "user is called <em>malware</em>.) Of course, the developer usually does not " "do this out of malice, but rather to profit more at the users' expense. " "That does not make it any less nasty or more legitimate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Yielding to that temptation has become ever more frequent; nowadays it is " "standard practice. Modern proprietary software is typically a way to be " "had." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "As of October, 2019, the pages in this directory list around 400 instances " "of malicious functionalities (with more than 500 references to back them " "up), but there are surely thousands more we don't know about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><th> msgid "Injustices or techniques" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><th> msgid "Products or companies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">Addictions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">Back doors</a> (<a " "href=\"#f1\">1</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">Censorship</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">Deception</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html\">DRM</a> (<a " "href=\"#f2\">2</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">Fraud</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">Incompatibility</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">Insecurity</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">Interference</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">Jails</a> (<a " "href=\"#f3\">3</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">Manipulation</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">Obsolescence</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">Sabotage</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">Subscriptions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">Tethers</a> (<a " "href=\"#f4\">4</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">Tyrants</a> (<a " "href=\"#f5\">5</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html\">In the pipe</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">Appliances</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html\">Cars</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">Games</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">Webpages</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html\">Adobe</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html\">Amazon</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html\">Google</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">Microsoft</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Back door:</em> any feature of a program that enables someone who " "is not supposed to be in control of the computer where it is installed to " "send it commands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Digital restrictions management, or “DRM”:</em> " "functionalities designed to restrict what users can do with the data in " "their computers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "<em>Jail:</em> system that imposes censorship on application programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Tether:</em> functionality that requires permanent (or very " "frequent) connection to a server." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li> msgid "" "<em>Tyrant:</em> system that rejects any operating system not " "“authorized” by the manufacturer." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Users of proprietary software are defenseless against these forms of " "mistreatment. The way to avoid them is by insisting on <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">free " "(freedom-respecting) software</a>. Since free software is controlled by its " "users, they have a pretty good defense against malicious software " "functionality." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Latest additions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Some <span>social networking</span> apps are <a " "href=\"https://www.jeffbullas.com/facebook-creates-addiction/\"> designed to " "get users addicted</a>. These try to merge into your daily routine by " "exploiting social pressure and your natural desire for socialization, " "converting habitual gestures into thorough addiction. As already noted for " "games, addictiveness is essentially based on random rewards. In the present " "case, the rewards are messages from friends and followers, " "“likes,” news, interesting videos, etc. The software is designed " "to trigger users' desire for these rewards, and keep this desire alive as " "long as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "By default, notifications are sent every time a new item comes in, instead " "of, say, once a day. They are associated with sounds or vibrations which " "make them even more compelling. (Remember Pavlov's experiments with rats.) " "These triggers are often opt-out, and many users don't try to turn them " "off. They are most effective when the app is installed on a mobile device " "which is always on and never leaves the user. As a side effect, they may " "contribute to the <a " "href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction\"> " "addictiveness of “smart” phones</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "Users are served selected material that is likely to interest them, based on " "<a " "href=\"https://theconversation.com/facebook-is-killing-democracy-with-its-personality-profiling-data-93611\"> " "profiling</a>. (This paves the way to <a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">manipulation</a>, by the " "way.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "The app interface is designed to make users stay on the site as long as " "possible, using <a " "href=\"https://uxplanet.org/ux-infinite-scrolling-vs-pagination-1030d29376f1\"> " "infinite scrolling</a> for example." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "The company that owns the social network tries to cover users' needs as " "extensively as possible, by <a " "href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Facebook\"> " "acquiring other companies</a> if needed. Once users have concentrated most " "of their online activities and a lot of their personal data on a single " "platform (or a set of platforms that belong to the same group), they find it " "<a " "href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/01/antisocial-media-why-decided-cut-back-facebook-instagram\"> " "almost impossible to leave</a>. And even if they wanted to, they would have " "a hard time digging out the relevant options, and the app would aggressively " "nag them to stay." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "A good way to minimize the risk of addiction, short of avoiding social media " "altogether, is to turn off notifications and leave as little as possible of " "your own data on the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Safari occasionally <a " "href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2019/10/13/dear-apple-safe-browsing-might-not-be-that-safe/\"> " "sends browsing data from Apple devices in China to the Tencent Safe Browsing " "service</a>, to check URLs that possibly correspond to " "“fraudulent” websites. Since Tencent collaborates with the " "Chinese government, its Safe Browsing black list most certainly contains the " "websites of political opponents. By linking the requests originating from " "single IP addresses, the government can identify dissenters in China and " "Hong Kong, thus endangering their lives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Apple plans to require that <a " "href=\"https://www.macrumors.com/2019/04/08/mac-apps-notarization-macos-10-14-5/\"> " "all application software for MacOS be approved by Apple first</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Offering a checking service as an option could be useful and would not be " "wrong. Requiring users to get Apple's approval is tyranny. Apple says the " "check will only look for malware (not counting the malware that is <a " "href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html#TOC\">part of the operating " "system</a>), but Apple could change that policy step by step. Or perhaps " "Apple will define malware to include any app that China does not like." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "For free software, this means users will need to get Apple's approval after " "compilation. This amounts to a system of surveilling the use of free " "programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "The Chinese Communist Party's “Study the Great Nation” app " "requires users to grant it <a " "href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/chinese-app-allows-officials-access-to-100-million-users-phone-report-2115962\"> " "access to the phone's microphone, photos, text messages, contacts, and " "internet history</a>, and the Android version was found to contain a " "back-door allowing developers to run any code they wish in the users' phone, " "as “superusers.” Downloading and using this app is mandatory at " "some workplaces." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Note: The <a " "href=\"http://web-old.archive.org/web/20191015005153/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinese-app-on-xis-ideology-allows-data-access-to-100-million-users-phones-report-says/2019/10/11/2d53bbae-eb4d-11e9-bafb-da248f8d5734_story.html\"> " "Washington Post version of the article</a> (partly obfuscated, but readable " "after copy-pasting in a text editor) includes a clarification saying that " "the tests were only performed on the Android version of the app, and that, " "according to Apple, “this kind of ‘superuser’ surveillance " "could not be conducted on Apple's operating system.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Apple <a " "href=\"https://boingboing.net/2019/10/07/apple-ios-13-1-2-for-hong-kong.html\"> " "censors the Taiwan flag in iOS</a> on behalf of the Chinese government. When " "the region is set to Hong Kong, this flag is not visible in the emoji " "selection widget but is still accessible. When the region is set to mainland " "China, all attempts to display it will result in the “empty " "emoji” icon as if the flag never existed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Thus, not only does Apple use the App Store as an instrument of censorship, " "it also uses the iThing operating system for that purpose." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software " "Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""