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12 Portable Make Programming

Writing portable makefiles is an art. Since a makefile’s commands are executed by the shell, you must consider the shell portability issues already mentioned. However, other issues are specific to make itself.

• $< in Ordinary Make Rules  $< in ordinary rules
• Failure in Make Rules  Failing portably in rules
• Special Chars in Names  Special Characters in Macro Names
• Backslash-Newline-Empty  Empty lines after backslash-newline
• Backslash-Newline Comments  Spanning comments across line boundaries
• Long Lines in Makefiles  Line length limitations
• Macros and Submakes  make macro=value and submakes
• The Make Macro MAKEFLAGS  $(MAKEFLAGS) portability issues
• The Make Macro SHELL  $(SHELL) portability issues
• Parallel Make  Parallel make quirks
• Comments in Make Rules  Other problems with Make comments
• Newlines in Make Rules  Using literal newlines in rules
• Comments in Make Macros  Other problems with Make comments in macros
• Trailing whitespace in Make Macros  Macro substitution problems
• Command-line Macros and whitespace  Whitespace trimming of values
• obj/ and Make  Don’t name a subdirectory obj
• make -k Status  Exit status of ‘make -k’
• VPATH and Make  VPATH woes
• Single Suffix Rules  Single suffix rules and separated dependencies
• Timestamps and Make  Sub-second timestamp resolution

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