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GNU `gettext` utilities ¶

This manual documents the GNU gettext tools and the GNU libintl library, version 1.0.

1 Introduction
- 1.1 The Purpose of GNU gettext
- 1.2 I18n, L10n, and Such
- 1.3 Aspects in Native Language Support
- 1.4 Files Conveying Translations
- 1.5 Overview of GNU gettext
2 The User’s View
- 2.1 Operating System Installation
- 2.2 Setting the Locale Used by GUI Programs
- 2.3 Setting the Locale through Environment Variables
- 2.4 Obtaining good output in a Windows console
- 2.5 Installing Translations for Particular Programs
3 The Format of PO Files
- 3.1 What an entry looks like
- 3.2 Workflow flags
- 3.3 Sticky flags
- 3.4 Entries with Context
- 3.5 Entries with Plural Forms
- 3.6 Further details on the PO file format
- 3.7 Evolution of the PO File Format
4 Preparing Program Sources
- 4.1 Importing the gettext declaration
- 4.2 Triggering gettext Operations
- 4.3 Preparing Translatable Strings
- 4.4 How Marks Appear in Sources
- 4.5 Marking Translatable Strings
- 4.6 Adding advice for translators
- 4.7 Special Comments preceding Keywords
- 4.8 Special Cases of Translatable Strings
- 4.9 Letting Users Report Translation Bugs
- 4.10 Marking Proper Names for Translation
- 4.11 Preparing Library Sources
5 Making the PO Template File
- 5.1 Invoking the xgettext Program
- 5.2 Combining PO Template Files
6 Creating or preparing for translating a PO file
- 6.1 Invoking the msginit Program
- 6.2 Filling in the Header Entry
7 Updating Existing PO Files
- 7.1 Invoking the msgmerge Program
8 Pretranslating PO Files
- 8.1 Installing a Large Language Model
- 8.2 Invoking the msgpre Program
- 8.3 Invoking the spit Program
9 Editing PO Files
- 9.1 Web-based PO editing
- 9.2 KDE’s PO File Editor
- 9.3 GNOME’s PO File Editor
- 9.4 Poedit
- 9.5 OmegaT
- 9.6 The Virtaal Translation Editor
- 9.7 Emacs’s PO File Editor
- 9.8 Editing PO Files in vim
- 9.9 Using Translation Compendia
  - 9.9.1 Creating Compendia
    - 9.9.1.1 Concatenate PO Files
    - 9.9.1.2 Extract a Message Subset from a PO File
  - 9.9.2 Using Compendia
    - 9.9.2.1 Initialize a New Translation File
    - 9.9.2.2 Update an Existing Translation File
10 Manipulating PO Files
- 10.1 Invoking the msgcat Program
- 10.2 Invoking the msgconv Program
- 10.3 Invoking the msggrep Program
- 10.4 Invoking the msgfilter Program
- 10.5 Invoking the msguniq Program
- 10.6 Invoking the msgcomm Program
- 10.7 Invoking the msgcmp Program
- 10.8 Invoking the msgattrib Program
- 10.9 Invoking the msgen Program
- 10.10 Invoking the msgexec Program
- 10.11 Highlighting parts of PO files
- 10.12 Other tools for manipulating PO files
- 10.13 Writing your own programs that process PO files
11 Producing Binary MO Files
- 11.1 Invoking the msgfmt Program
- 11.2 Invoking the msgunfmt Program
- 11.3 The Format of GNU MO Files
12 The Programmer’s View
- 12.1 About catgets
  - 12.1.1 The Interface
  - 12.1.2 Problems with the catgets Interface?!
- 12.2 About gettext
- 12.3 Comparing the Two Interfaces
- 12.4 Using libintl.a in own programs
- 12.5 Being a gettext grok
- 12.6 Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
13 The Translator’s View
- 13.1 Organization
- 13.2 Responsibilities in the Translation Project
- 13.3 Language dialects
- 13.4 Translating plural forms
- 13.5 Prioritizing messages: How to determine which messages to translate first
14 The Maintainer’s View
- 14.1 Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures
- 14.2 Prerequisite Works
- 14.3 Invoking the gettextize Program
- 14.4 Files You Must Create or Alter
- 14.5 Autoconf macros for use in configure.ac
- 14.6 Interfacing with the Translators
- 14.7 Integrating with Version Control Systems
- 14.8 Creating a Distribution Tarball
15 The Installer’s and Distributor’s View
16 Other Programming Languages
- 16.1 The Language Implementor’s View
- 16.2 The Programmer’s View
- 16.3 The Translator’s View
- 16.4 The Maintainer’s View
- 16.5 Individual Programming Languages
17 Other Data Formats
- 17.1 Internationalizable Data Formats
- 17.2 Localized Data Formats
18 Concluding Remarks
- 18.1 History of GNU gettext
- 18.2 Notes on the Free Translation Project
- 18.3 Related Readings
Appendix A Language Codes
- A.1 Usual Language Codes
- A.2 Rare Language Codes
Appendix B Country Codes
Appendix C Licenses
- C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
- C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
- C.3 GNU Free Documentation License
Program Index
Option Index
Variable Index
PO Mode Index
Autoconf Macro Index
General Index

GNU gettext utilities ¶

Table of Contents

GNU `gettext` utilities ¶