1.3.1 Reductions of horizontal and zenith angles

For evaluating of reductions of horizontal and zenith angles, gama-local computes a helper point P_1 in the center of the network. Horizontal and zenith angles observed at point P_2 are transformed to the projection plane perpendicular to the normal z_1 of the helper point P_1. Coordinates (x_2, y_2) of point P_2 are conserved, but its normal z_2 is rotated by the central angle 2\gamma_12 to be parallel with z_1.

Formulas for reductions of horizontal and zenith angles are given only in the printed version.

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