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The GNU Coding Standards, section https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/Semantics.html, specifies:
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Utilities reading files should not drop NUL characters, or any other nonprinting characters. |
When it is a requirement to store NUL characters in strings, a variant of the C strings is needed. Gnulib offers a “string descriptor” type for this purpose. See Handling strings with NUL characters.
All remarks regarding encodings and multibyte characters in the previous section apply to string descriptors as well.