punycode.c

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/* punycode.c --- Implementation of punycode used to ASCII encode IDN's.
   Copyright (C) 2002-2012 Simon Josefsson

   This file is part of GNU Libidn.

   GNU Libidn is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of either:

     * the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
       Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
       your option) any later version.

   or

     * the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
       Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
       your option) any later version.

   or both in parallel, as here.

   GNU Libidn is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   General Public License for more details.

   You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and
   the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this program.  If
   not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */

/*
 * This file is derived from RFC 3492bis written by Adam M. Costello.
 *
 * Disclaimer and license: Regarding this entire document or any
 * portion of it (including the pseudocode and C code), the author
 * makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage resulting
 * from its use.  The author grants irrevocable permission to anyone
 * to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does not diminish
 * the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and distribute it,
 * provided that redistributed derivative works do not contain
 * misleading author or version information.  Derivative works need
 * not be licensed under similar terms.
 *
 * Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 * others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 * or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
 * and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
 * kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 * included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 * document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 * the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 * Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
 * developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
 * copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
 * followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
 * English.
 *
 * The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 * revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
 *
 * This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
 * "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
 * TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
 * HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 */

#include <config.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "punycode.h"

/*** Bootstring parameters for Punycode ***/

enum
{ base = 36, tmin = 1, tmax = 26, skew = 38, damp = 700,
  initial_bias = 72, initial_n = 0x80, delimiter = 0x2D
};

/* basic(cp) tests whether cp is a basic code point: */
#define basic(cp) ((punycode_uint)(cp) < 0x80)

/* delim(cp) tests whether cp is a delimiter: */
#define delim(cp) ((cp) == delimiter)

/* decode_digit(cp) returns the numeric value of a basic code */
/* point (for use in representing integers) in the range 0 to */
/* base-1, or base if cp does not represent a value.          */

static punycode_uint
decode_digit (punycode_uint cp)
{
  return cp - 48 < 10 ? cp - 22 : cp - 65 < 26 ? cp - 65 :
    cp - 97 < 26 ? cp - 97 : base;
}

/* encode_digit(d,flag) returns the basic code point whose value      */
/* (when used for representing integers) is d, which needs to be in   */
/* the range 0 to base-1.  The lowercase form is used unless flag is  */
/* nonzero, in which case the uppercase form is used.  The behavior   */
/* is undefined if flag is nonzero and digit d has no uppercase form. */

static char
encode_digit (punycode_uint d, int flag)
{
  return d + 22 + 75 * (d < 26) - ((flag != 0) << 5);
  /*  0..25 map to ASCII a..z or A..Z */
  /* 26..35 map to ASCII 0..9         */
}

/* flagged(bcp) tests whether a basic code point is flagged */
/* (uppercase).  The behavior is undefined if bcp is not a  */
/* basic code point.                                        */

#define flagged(bcp) ((punycode_uint)(bcp) - 65 < 26)

/* encode_basic(bcp,flag) forces a basic code point to lowercase */
/* if flag is zero, uppercase if flag is nonzero, and returns    */
/* the resulting code point.  The code point is unchanged if it  */
/* is caseless.  The behavior is undefined if bcp is not a basic */
/* code point.                                                   */

static char
encode_basic (punycode_uint bcp, int flag)
{
  bcp -= (bcp - 97 < 26) << 5;
  return bcp + ((!flag && (bcp - 65 < 26)) << 5);
}

/*** Platform-specific constants ***/

/* maxint is the maximum value of a punycode_uint variable: */
static const punycode_uint maxint = -1;
/* Because maxint is unsigned, -1 becomes the maximum value. */

/*** Bias adaptation function ***/

static punycode_uint
adapt (punycode_uint delta, punycode_uint numpoints, int firsttime)
{
  punycode_uint k;

  delta = firsttime ? delta / damp : delta >> 1;
  /* delta >> 1 is a faster way of doing delta / 2 */
  delta += delta / numpoints;

  for (k = 0; delta > ((base - tmin) * tmax) / 2; k += base)
    {
      delta /= base - tmin;
    }

  return k + (base - tmin + 1) * delta / (delta + skew);
}

/*** Main encode function ***/

int
punycode_encode (size_t input_length,
                 const punycode_uint input[],
                 const unsigned char case_flags[],
                 size_t * output_length, char output[])
{
  punycode_uint input_len, n, delta, h, b, bias, j, m, q, k, t;
  size_t out, max_out;

  /* The Punycode spec assumes that the input length is the same type */
  /* of integer as a code point, so we need to convert the size_t to  */
  /* a punycode_uint, which could overflow.                           */

  if (input_length > maxint)
    return punycode_overflow;
  input_len = (punycode_uint) input_length;

  /* Initialize the state: */

  n = initial_n;
  delta = 0;
  out = 0;
  max_out = *output_length;
  bias = initial_bias;

  /* Handle the basic code points: */

  for (j = 0; j < input_len; ++j)
    {
      if (basic (input[j]))
        {
          if (max_out - out < 2)
            return punycode_big_output;
          output[out++] = case_flags ?
            encode_basic (input[j], case_flags[j]) : (char) input[j];
        }
      /* else if (input[j] < n) return punycode_bad_input; */
      /* (not needed for Punycode with unsigned code points) */
    }

  h = b = (punycode_uint) out;
  /* cannot overflow because out <= input_len <= maxint */

  /* h is the number of code points that have been handled, b is the  */
  /* number of basic code points, and out is the number of ASCII code */
  /* points that have been output.                                    */

  if (b > 0)
    output[out++] = delimiter;

  /* Main encoding loop: */

  while (h < input_len)
    {
      /* All non-basic code points < n have been     */
      /* handled already.  Find the next larger one: */

      for (m = maxint, j = 0; j < input_len; ++j)
        {
          /* if (basic(input[j])) continue; */
          /* (not needed for Punycode) */
          if (input[j] >= n && input[j] < m)
            m = input[j];
        }

      /* Increase delta enough to advance the decoder's    */
      /* <n,i> state to <m,0>, but guard against overflow: */

      if (m - n > (maxint - delta) / (h + 1))
        return punycode_overflow;
      delta += (m - n) * (h + 1);
      n = m;

      for (j = 0; j < input_len; ++j)
        {
          /* Punycode does not need to check whether input[j] is basic: */
          if (input[j] < n /* || basic(input[j]) */ )
            {
              if (++delta == 0)
                return punycode_overflow;
            }

          if (input[j] == n)
            {
              /* Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer: */

              for (q = delta, k = base;; k += base)
                {
                  if (out >= max_out)
                    return punycode_big_output;
                  t = k <= bias /* + tmin */ ? tmin :   /* +tmin not needed */
                    k >= bias + tmax ? tmax : k - bias;
                  if (q < t)
                    break;
                  output[out++] = encode_digit (t + (q - t) % (base - t), 0);
                  q = (q - t) / (base - t);
                }

              output[out++] = encode_digit (q, case_flags && case_flags[j]);
              bias = adapt (delta, h + 1, h == b);
              delta = 0;
              ++h;
            }
        }

      ++delta, ++n;
    }

  *output_length = out;
  return punycode_success;
}

/*** Main decode function ***/

int
punycode_decode (size_t input_length,
                 const char input[],
                 size_t * output_length,
                 punycode_uint output[], unsigned char case_flags[])
{
  punycode_uint n, out, i, max_out, bias, oldi, w, k, digit, t;
  size_t b, j, in;

  /* Initialize the state: */

  n = initial_n;
  out = i = 0;
  max_out = *output_length > maxint ? maxint
    : (punycode_uint) * output_length;
  bias = initial_bias;

  /* Handle the basic code points:  Let b be the number of input code */
  /* points before the last delimiter, or 0 if there is none, then    */
  /* copy the first b code points to the output.                      */

  for (b = j = 0; j < input_length; ++j)
    if (delim (input[j]))
      b = j;
  if (b > max_out)
    return punycode_big_output;

  for (j = 0; j < b; ++j)
    {
      if (case_flags)
        case_flags[out] = flagged (input[j]);
      if (!basic (input[j]))
        return punycode_bad_input;
      output[out++] = input[j];
    }

  /* Main decoding loop:  Start just after the last delimiter if any  */
  /* basic code points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise. */

  for (in = b > 0 ? b + 1 : 0; in < input_length; ++out)
    {

      /* in is the index of the next ASCII code point to be consumed, */
      /* and out is the number of code points in the output array.    */

      /* Decode a generalized variable-length integer into delta,  */
      /* which gets added to i.  The overflow checking is easier   */
      /* if we increase i as we go, then subtract off its starting */
      /* value at the end to obtain delta.                         */

      for (oldi = i, w = 1, k = base;; k += base)
        {
          if (in >= input_length)
            return punycode_bad_input;
          digit = decode_digit (input[in++]);
          if (digit >= base)
            return punycode_bad_input;
          if (digit > (maxint - i) / w)
            return punycode_overflow;
          i += digit * w;
          t = k <= bias /* + tmin */ ? tmin :   /* +tmin not needed */
            k >= bias + tmax ? tmax : k - bias;
          if (digit < t)
            break;
          if (w > maxint / (base - t))
            return punycode_overflow;
          w *= (base - t);
        }

      bias = adapt (i - oldi, out + 1, oldi == 0);

      /* i was supposed to wrap around from out+1 to 0,   */
      /* incrementing n each time, so we'll fix that now: */

      if (i / (out + 1) > maxint - n)
        return punycode_overflow;
      n += i / (out + 1);
      i %= (out + 1);

      /* Insert n at position i of the output: */

      /* not needed for Punycode: */
      /* if (basic(n)) return punycode_invalid_input; */
      if (out >= max_out)
        return punycode_big_output;

      if (case_flags)
        {
          memmove (case_flags + i + 1, case_flags + i, out - i);
          /* Case of last ASCII code point determines case flag: */
          case_flags[i] = flagged (input[in - 1]);
        }

      memmove (output + i + 1, output + i, (out - i) * sizeof *output);
      output[i++] = n;
    }

  *output_length = (size_t) out;
  /* cannot overflow because out <= old value of *output_length */
  return punycode_success;
}