![[image of the Head of a GNU]](/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg)
GNU's Who
Administrivia and Copyright
Other GPL'ed Software
What Is the FSF?
What Is Copyleft?
What Is the Hurd?
Conditions for Using Bison
Freely Available Texts
First Free Software Conference
GNUs Flashes
Help from Free Software Companies
Free Software Redistributors Donate
Free Software Support
Zimmermann Legal Defense Fund Appeal
What Is the LPF?
News from the LPF
GNU & Other Free Software in Japan
Help the GNU Translation Project
Forthcoming GNUs
GNU Software
Program/Package Cross Reference
Tapes
Languages Tape
Lisps/Emacs Tape
Utilities Tape
Scheme Tape
X11 Tapes
Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite Tape
VMS Emacs and VMS Compiler Tapes
CD-ROMs
Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
MS-DOS Book with CD-ROM
Debian GNU/Linux Book with CD-ROM
Source Code CD-ROMs
December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs
June 1995 Source Code CD-ROM
November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM
MS-DOS Diskettes
DJGPP Diskettes
Emacs Diskettes
Selected Utilities Diskettes
Windows Diskette
Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service
The Deluxe Distribution
GNU Documentation
How to Get GNU Software
FSF T-shirt
Free Software for Microcomputers
Project GNU Wish List
Thank GNUs
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Cygnus Matches Donations!
Free Software Foundation Order Form
Address Page
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Miles Bader works on the Hurd with both
Michael Bushnell, p/BSG
and
Roland McGrath.
Roland also maintains make and the GNU C library.
Karl Heuer enhances GNU Emacs and is in charge of making Deluxe
Distributions.
Daniel Hagerty is our system obfuscator and release coordinator.
Melissa Weisshaus is working on special documentation projects.
Peter H. Salus has joined us temporarily to run the section First Free Software Conference, in February, 1996 in Cambridge, MA. Lisa Bloch is our Executive Director. Robert J. Chassell is our Secretary/Treasurer. Britton Bradley, Mike Drain, and Gena L. Bean have have left the FSF. We thank them all for doing excellent work.
Thanks to volunteer Scott Ewing for helping to coordinate all the volunteers in the GNU Project. Thanks to volunteer Tami Friedman for handling much administrivia here at the FSF. Richard Stallman continues as a volunteer who does countless tasks, such as Emacs maintenance. Volunteer Len Tower remains our online JOAT (jack-of-all-trades), handling mailing lists, gnUSENET newsgroups, information requests, etc.
Written and Edited by: Melissa Weisshaus, Daniel Hagerty,
Robert J. Chassell, and Leonard H. Tower Jr.
Illustrations by: Etienne Suvasa
Japanese Edition by: Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1075-7813
The GNU's Bulletin is published at the end of January and the end of June each year. Please note that there is no postal mailing list. To get a copy, send your name and address with your request to the address on the top menu. Enclosing $0.78 in U.S. Postage and/or a donation of a few dollars is appreciated but not required. If you're from outside the USA, sending a mailing label and enough International Reply Coupons for a package of about 100 grams is appreciated but not required. (Including a few extra International Reply Coupons for copying costs is also appreciated.)
Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
We maintain a list of copylefted software that we do not presently
distribute. FTP the file
`/pub/gnu/GPLedSoftware' from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software).
Please let us know of additional programs we should mention.
We don't list GNU Emacs Lisp Libraries;
host archive.cis.ohio-state.edu has a list of those you can FTP
in the file `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/LCD-datafile.Z'.
The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions on people's right to use, copy, modify, and redistribute computer programs. We do this by promoting the development and use of free software. Specifically, we are putting together a complete, integrated software system named "GNU" ("GNU's Not Unix", pronounced "guh-new") that will be upwardly compatible with Unix. Most parts of this system are already being used and distributed.
The word "free" in our name refers to freedom, not price. You may or may not pay money to get GNU software, but either way you have two specific freedoms once you get it: first, the freedom to copy a program, and distribute it to your friends and co-workers; and second, the freedom to change a program as you wish, by having full access to source code. You can study the source and learn how such programs are written. You may then be able to port it, improve it, and share your changes with others. If you redistribute GNU software you may charge a distribution fee or give it away, so long as you include the source code and the GNU General Public License; see section What Is Copyleft?, for details.
Other organizations distribute whatever free software happens to be available. By contrast, the Free Software Foundation concentrates on the development of new free software, working towards a GNU system complete enough to eliminate the need to use a proprietary system.
Besides developing GNU, the FSF distributes GNU software and manuals for a distribution fee, and accepts gifts (tax-deductible in the U.S.) to support GNU development. Most of the FSF's funds come from its distribution service.
The Board of the Foundation is: Richard M. Stallman, President;
Robert J. Chassell, Secretary/Treasurer; Gerald J. Sussman,
Harold Abelson, and Leonard H. Tower Jr., Directors.
The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the public domain, uncopyrighted. But this permits proprietary modified versions, which deny others the freedom to redistribute and modify; such versions undermine the goal of giving freedom to all users. To prevent this, copyleft uses copyrights in a novel manner. Typically, copyrights take away freedoms; copyleft preserves them. It is a legal instrument that requires those who pass on a program to include the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the code; the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable.
The copyleft used by the GNU Project is made from the combination of a regular copyright notice and the GNU General Public License (GPL). The GPL is a copying license which basically says that you have the aforementioned freedoms. An alternate form, the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL), applies to a few (but not most) GNU libraries. This license permits linking the libraries into proprietary executables under certain conditions. The appropriate license is included in each GNU source code distribution and in many manuals. Printed copies are available upon request.
We strongly encourage you to copyleft your programs and documentation, and we have made it as simple as possible for you to do so. The details on how to apply either form of GNU Public License appear at the end of each license.
The Hurd will be the foundation of the GNU system. It is a collection of
server processes that run on top of Mach, a free message-passing kernel
developed at CMU. Mach's virtual memory management facilities are also
used by the Hurd. The GNU C Library will provide the Unix system call
interface, using the Hurd servers for those services it can't provide
itself.
The Hurd will allow users to create and share useful projects without
knowing much about the internal workings of the system--projects that might
never have been attempted without freely available source, a well-designed
interface, and a multiple server design. The Hurd is thus like other
expandable FSF projects, e.g. GNU Emacs and GUILE.
Currently, there are free ports of the Mach kernel to the 386 PC, the DEC PMAX workstation, and several other machines, with more in progress, including the Amiga, PA-RISC HP 700, & DEC Alpha-3000. Contact us if you want to help with one of these or start your own. Porting the GNU Hurd & GNU C Library is easy (easier than porting GNU Emacs, certainly easier than porting the compiler) once a Mach port to a particular platform exists. Right now we are using the University of Utah's Mach distribution which we hope will be unified with the distribution produced by the Open Software Foundation.
See section GNUs Flashes for a report on recent progress.
We need help with significant Hurd related projects.
Experienced system programmers who are interested should send mail
to gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu. Porting the Mach kernel or the GNU C
Library to new systems is another way to help.
The Hurd is not yet ready for use, but in the meantime you can use a
GNU/Linux system.
As of Bison version 1.24, we have changed the distribution terms for
yyparse to permit using Bison's output in non-free programs.
Formerly, Bison parsers could only be used in programs that were free
software.
The other GNU tools, such as the GNU C compiler, have never had such a requirement. They could always be used for non-free software. The reason Bison was different was not due to a special policy decision; it resulted from applying the usual GNU General Public License to all of the Bison source code.
The output of the Bison utility--a parser file--contains a verbatim copy
of a sizable piece of Bison: the code for the yyparse function.
(The actions from your grammar are inserted into yyparse at one
point, but the rest of the function is not changed.) When we applied the
GPL terms to the code for yyparse, the effect was to restrict the
use of Bison output to free software.
We didn't change the terms because of sympathy for people who want to make software proprietary. Software should be free. But we concluded that limiting Bison's use to free software was doing little to encourage people to make other software free. So we decided to make the practical conditions for using Bison match the practical conditions for using the other GNU tools.
Freely redistributable information isn't just software. We have a list of groups providing various books, historical documents, and more. You can FTP the list in the file `/pub/gnu/FreelyAvailableTexts' from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software). Please let either address on the top menu know of additional entries.
The Free Software Foundation is holding the First Conference on Freely Redistributable Software on February 2-5, 1996, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the Cambridge Center Marriott. Over the past 15 years, free software has become ubiquitous. This Conference is bringing together implementors of several types of freely redistributable software.
The program on Sunday, Feb. 4 includes keynote speeches by Linus Torvalds & Richard Stallman, & presentations from Switzerland, France, the United Kingdom, & Germany, as well as from the United States.
Tutorials on Saturday, February 3, will be:
Linux (Phil Hughes), Expect (Don Libes), C News (Geoff Collyer & Henry Spencer), and Advanced Emacs (Richard Stallman).
Tutorials on Monday, February 5, will be:
GNU Hurd (Michael Bushnell, p/BSG), BSD Internals (Margo Seltzer & Aaron Brown), Perl (Tom Christiansen), and GCC (Richard Stallman).
For registration information, write confinfo@gnu.ai.mit.edu or
contact the FSF's Office at one of the numbers on
the top menu.
rsh, and so forth all work. The NFS client
implementation is almost finished as we go to press, and will probably be
working by the time you read this.
Look for an alpha release sometime soon; when that is ready, we will solicit
volunteers using the Hurd announcements list. To be added to this list,
send mail to hurd-announce-request@prep.ai.mit.edu.
majordomo@iro.umontreal.ca with a line that says
`subscribe music-pretest' in the body.
Luis.Garcia@vhdl.org.
info@cyclic.com.
mach4-users-request@cs.utah.edu.
Lites is a usable Mach-based Unix single server based on 4.4 BSD--Lite,
originally done by CMU & HUT. x86 Lites supports binary compatibility with
GNU/Linux, NetBSD, & FreeBSD, & groks GNU/Linux filesystems. Utah distributes the
current Lites version, with binaries for x86 & PA-RISC. The PA version
runs BSD/ELF & most HP-UX binaries.
flux-dist@cs.utah.edu
to get them.
phi.sinica.edu.tw has Postscript files (for A4 paper)
of GNU manuals in `/pub/aspac/gnu/', including some manuals the
FSF does not yet publish. The FSF is not responsible for these files.
gettext is now on the section Languages Tape. Termutils & Midnight
Commander
have been added to the section Utilities Tape. CLX has been added to the
section Lisps/Emacs Tape. Newer versions of many of our programs & manuals
have been placed on all the media we distribute.
ffcall,
gettext,
GN,
Gnans,
gnuserv,
Hyperbole,
Midnight Commander,
Oaklisp,
SIPP,
SNePS,
Spinner,
W3,
and
xgrabsc.
See section GNU Software, for more information about these packages.
Also on the CD-ROMs are full distributions of MIT X11R6 (both our Required &
Optional distributions), MIT Scheme 7.3, Emacs 19.30, GCC 2.7.1, and
current versions of all other GNU Software. For more information, see
section December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs.
When choosing a free software business, ask those you are considering how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can help encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.
Wingnut (SRA's special GNU support group) regularly donates a part of its income to the FSF to support the development of new GNU programs. Listing them here is our way of thanking them. Wingnut has made a pledge to donate 10% of their income to the FSF, and has purchased several Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan. Also see section Cygnus Matches Donations!.
Wingnut Project
Software Research Associates, Inc.
1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102, Japan
Phone: (+81-3)3234-2611
Fax: (+81-3)3942-5174
E-mail: info-wingnut@sra.co.jp
WWW: `http://www.sra.co.jp/public/sra/product/wingnut/'
The SNOW 2.1 CD producers added the words "Includes $5 donation to the
FSF" to the front of their CD. Potential buyers will know just how
much of the price is for the FSF & how much is for the redistributor.
The Sun Users Group Deutschland & ASCII Corporation (Japan)
have added donations to the FSF to the price of their next GNU
software CD-ROMs.
Austin Code Works, a free software redistributor, supports
free software development by giving the FSF 20% of the selling price for
the GNU software CDs they produce & sell.
Walnut Creek CDROM & Info Magic,
free software redistributors, are also giving us part of
their selling price.
TOHDO-SHA is donating 400 yen to the FSF for each copy of
The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, Japanese Edition
sold at bookstores in Japan.
CQ Publishing made a large donation from the sales of their
GAWK book in Japanese.
In the long run, the success of free software depends on how much new free
software people develop. Free software distribution offers an opportunity
to raise funds for such development in an ethical way. These
redistributors have made use of the opportunity. Many others let it go to
waste.
You can help promote free software development by convincing for-a-fee
redistributors to contribute--either by doing development themselves
or by donating to development organizations (the FSF and others).
The way to convince distributors to contribute is to demand and expect this of them. This means choosing among distributors partly by how much they give to free software development. Then you can show distributors they must compete to be the one who gives the most.
To make this work, you must insist on numbers that you can compare, such as, "We will give ten dollars to the Foobar project for each disk sold." A vague commitment, such as "A portion of the profits is donated," doesn't give you a basis for comparison. Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit.
Also, press developers for firm information about what kind of development they do or support. Some kinds make much more long-term difference than others. For example, maintaining a separate version of a GNU program contributes very little; maintaining a program on behalf of the GNU Project contributes much. Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU compiler or Mach contribute more; major new features and programs contribute the most.
By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can assure a steady flow of resources for making more free software.
The Free Software Foundation does not provide technical support. Our mission is developing software, because that is the most time-efficient way to increase what free software can do. We leave it to others to earn a living providing support. We see programmers as providing a service, much as doctors and lawyers do now; both medical and legal knowledge are freely redistributable, but their practitioners charge for service.
The GNU Service Directory is a list of people who offer support and other consulting services. It is in the file `etc/SERVICE' in the GNU Emacs distribution, `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution, and `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software). Contact us to get a copy or to be listed in it. Those service providers who share their income with the FSF are listed in section Help from Free Software Companies.
If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. We have
many Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements, and questions.
They are also gatewayed into USENET news as the gnu.* newsgroups.
You can request a list of the mailing lists from either address on
the top menu.
When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem. While our bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not; they are part of preparing a new improved version. We may send you a patch for a bug so that you can help us test the fix and ensure its quality. If your bug report does not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one from another user who reads our bug report mailing lists. Otherwise, use the Service Directory.
Please do not ask us to help you install software or learn how to use it--but do tell us how an installation script fails or where documentation is unclear.
If you have no Internet access, you can get mail and USENET news via UUCP. Contact a local UUCP site or a commercial UUCP site. such as:
UUNET Technologies, Inc.
3060 Williams Drive
Fairfax, VA 22031-4648
USA
Telephone: +1-800-4UUNET4
+1-703-206-5600
Fax: +1-703-206-5601
Electronic-Mail: info@uunet.uu.net
A list of commercial UUCP and Internet service providers is posted
periodically to USENET in the newsgroup news.announce.newusers with
`Subject: How to become a USENET site'. You can also get it via
anonymous FTP from the host rtfm.mit.edu in the file
`How_to_become_a_USENET_site', in the directory
`/pub/usenet-by-group/news.announce.newusers'.
When choosing a service provider, ask those you are considering how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.
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Digital technology is the universal solvent of intellectual property rights
- Tom Parmenter (in DESPERADO No. 12)
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Phil Zimmermann, who wrote the public-key encryption program known as Pretty Good Privacy ("PGP") and released it on the Internet, is facing prosecution for "exporting" it out of the United States.
There is a law prohibiting the export of encryption software from the US. Zimmermann did not do this, but the U.S. Government hopes to establish that posting an encryption program on a BBS or on the Internet constitutes exporting it--in effect, stretching export control into domestic censorship.
If the U.S. Government wins, that will have a chilling effect on the free flow of information on the global network, as well as on everyone's privacy from government snooping.
Estimates are that Zimmermann's defense will cost over $100,000--and that doesn't even count lawyers' fees. To help pay this, a legal trust fund, the Philip Zimmermann Defense Fund (PZDF), has been setup. Donations are accepted by check, money order, credit card, or wire transfer; and in any currency. See `http://www.netresponse.com:80/zldf' for more information,
To send a check or money order by mail, make it payable, not to Phil Zimmermann, but to "Philip L. Dubois, Attorney Trust Account." Mail the check or money order to the following address:
Philip Dubois 2305 Broadway Boulder, CO 80304 USA Telephone: +1-303-444-3885
To send a wire transfer, your bank needs this information:
Bank: VectraBank Routing #: 107004365 Account #: 0113830 Account Name: ``Philip L. Dubois, Attorney Trust Account''
The League for Programming Freedom (LPF) aims to protect the freedom to write software. This freedom is threatened by "look-and-feel" interface copyright lawsuits and by software patents.
The League is a grass-roots organization of professors, students, business people, programmers, users, & even software companies dedicated to bringing back the freedom to write programs. The League isn't opposed to the legal system that Congress intended--copyright on individual programs. The League aims to reverse recent changes made by judges in response to special interests.
Membership dues in the League are $42 per year for programmers, managers,
and professionals; $10.50 for students; $21 for others.
To join, please send a check and the following information:
The League is not connected with the Free Software Foundation, and is not concerned with the issue of free software. The FSF supports the League because, like any software developer smaller than Microsoft, it is endangered by software patents, and interface copyrights. You are in danger, too! It would be easy to ignore the problem until you or your employer is sued, but it is more prudent to organize before that happens.
If you haven't made up your mind yet, write to the League for more information:
League for Programming Freedom One Kendall Square - #143 P.O. Box 9171 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Telephone: +1-617-621-7084 Electronic-Mail:lpf@uunet.uu.netWWW: `http://www.lpf.org/' FTP:ftp.uu.net:/doc/lpf
by Dean Anderson, President, League for Programming Freedom
In the last GNU's Bulletin, we said the LPF would file an Amicus Brief with the Supreme Court. In fact, we went one better by collecting a very impressive list of over 80 signatures of prominent computer scientists. We also wrote & filed a brief on behalf of the LPF, & contributed to another brief filed on behalf of an ad-hoc organization ("Computer Scientists in support of Respondent"). LPF members contributed significantly to both briefs, and both are very solid. The LPF will add the text of these briefs & some others to our web site.
Ignis Technology has graciously given the LPF office space. We will announce our new phone and fax numbers in January on `http://www.lpf.org/'.
Win or lose in the Supreme Court, the next battle the LPF fights will be in the Congress. It seems unlikely (though not impossible, so we'll keep trying) that the Courts or the Patent & Trademark Office will reverse the current software patent situation. If we lose in the Supreme Court, we will have to try to change the copyright law as well. Therefore, it is very important to get more members. Membership is what will get us the most clout with Congress. In the next year, we will need to gear up to promote our ideas more widely, both inside & outside of the software world. Your help & support is very important to the success of this effort, so encourage everyone you know to join the LPF!
Keep writing letters! Write the LPF, your representatives, newspapers,
journals, and others.
See our Web page at `http://www.lpf.org/' for more info on how to
help the LPF (send suggestions to webmasters@lpf.org).
Mieko (h-mieko@sra.co.jp) and Nobuyuki Hikichi
(hikichi@sra.co.jp) continue to volunteer for the GNU Project
in Japan. They translate each issue of this Bulletin into Japanese and
distribute it widely, along with their translation of Version 2 of the GNU
General Public License. This translation of the GPL is authorized by the
FSF and is available by anonymous FTP from ftp.sra.co.jp in
`/pub/gnu/local-fix/GPL2-j'. They are working on a formal
translation of the GNU Library General Public License. They also solicit
donations and offer GNU software consulting.
nepoch (the Japanese version of Epoch) & MULE are available and widely
used in Japan. MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle
many character sets at once. Its features are being merged into the
principal version of Emacs. See section GNU Software, for more details on MULE.
The FSF does not distribute nepoch, but MULE is available
(see section December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs & the section Emacs Diskettes).
FTP it from sh.wide.ad.jp in `/JAPAN/mule', or
etlport.etl.go.jp in `/pub/mule'.
An anonymous user in Japan has redistributed GNU material that was left over from an FSF Tokyo seminar. He bought these items for reader presents in magazines of Gijitsu Hyouron-Sha, a publishing company.
The Village Center, Inc. prints a Japanese translation (ISBN 4-938704-02-1) of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual and puts the Texinfo source on various bulletin boards. They also publish Nobuyuki & Mieko's Think GNU (ISBN 4-938704-10-2); this may be the first non-FSF copylefted publication in Japan. They also redistribute GNU CD-ROMs at this bookstore:
Shosen Grande 1-3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101, Japan Telephone: 03-3295-0011
Part of Village Center's profits are donated to the FSF. Their address is:
Village Center, Inc. 3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101, Japan Telephone: 03-3221-3520
Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. has printed Japanese translations of the GNU Make Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9627-X) and the GAWK Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9672-8). Their address is:
Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. Nichibou Bldg. 2F 1-2-2 Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101, Japan Telephone: 03-3291-4581
There is a mailing list in Japan to discuss both hardware & software which
is under the GNU General Public License. It provides information about
making your own computer system. The main language of the list is
Japanese. If you are interested in getting information or having
discussions in English, ask mka@apricot.juice.or.jp or
ishiz@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp.
Many groups in Japan now distribute GNU software. They include JUG, a PC user group; ASCII, a periodical and book publisher; the Fujitsu FM Towns users group; and SRA's special GNU users' support group, Wingnut, who also purchased the first Deluxe Distribution package in Japan. (Since then, there have been several other purchases of Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan.)
It is easy to place an order directly with the FSF from Japan, thus funding
new software. To get an FSF Order Form written in Japanese, ask
japan-fsf-orders@prep.ai.mit.edu.
We encourage you to buy software on tapes or CDs:
for example, 140 CD-ROM orders at the
corporate rate allow the FSF to hire a programmer for a year to write more
free software.
Many programs in the field of parallel processing and knowledge processing were released to the public under the name of "ICOT Free Software (IFS)" in the Fifth Generation Computer Systems project. IFS was an 11-year Japanese project started in 1982 and FGCS was its 2-year follow-on project.
These programs have been accessed by more than 3,300 persons and almost 18,000 files have been transferred since their first release in 1992. As ICOT was wound up in June, 1995, maintenance and further development of IFS was transferred to Japan Information Processing Development Center (JIPDEC). JIPDEC established a new research institute called "Laboratory for Advanced Information Technology". The Laboratory not only maintains, develops, and distributes IFS, but also develops parallel knowledge processing software in collaboration with several Japanese universities. Newly developed software will be released to the public with conditions similar to those of IFS.
For now, the domain name will remain icot.or.jp. For more
information, please consult URL `http://www.icot.or.jp/'.
GNU is going international! Our Translation Project gets
users, translators, and maintainers together, so GNU will gradually
speak many native languages.
To complete the GNU Translation Project, we need many people who
like their own language and write it well, and who are also able to
synergize with other translators speaking the same language as part of
"translation teams".
If you want to start a new team, or want more information on existing teams
or other aspects of this project, write
gnu-translation@prep.ai.mit.edu. Also see section GNU Software,
for information about gettext, the tool the GNU Translation
Project uses to help translators and programmers.
Information about the current status of released GNU programs can be found in section GNU Software. Here is some news of future plans.
locale & localedef
programs, & catalogs for displaying program messages in languages other
than English. The library now builds as a shared library for systems that
use the ELF object file format. Included is the run-time loader
ld.so which sets up the shared libraries when a program runs; it
works now with the Hurd & Linux kernels, and is easy to port to other ELF
systems such as SVR4 & Solaris 2.
office@gnustep.org. Check
`http://www.gnustep.org/gnustep' for more
info.
recode (For current status, see section GNU Software)
The next recode release should give more flexible control over
encodings of charsets, offer MIME conversions, & handle ISO-10646
(Unicode). It will install a library & support files to help work towards
internationalizing GNU.
ptx (For current status, see section GNU Software)
The next release of ptx should offer contextualized support for SGML
texts, as the first step towards a major overhaul for that package.
schelter@math.utexas.edu.
gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu.
cs.nyu.edu in `/pub/gnat'. SGI and
Digital have chosen GNU Ada as the Ada compiler for certain systems.
News about
GNAT is posted to the USENET newsgroup comp.lang.ada.
f2c & GCC, see section GNU Software)
The GNU Fortran (g77) front end is stable, but work is needed to
bring its overall packaging, feature set, & performance up to the levels
the Fortran community expects. Tasks to be done include: improving
documentation & diagnostics; speeding up compilation, especially
for large initialized data tables; implementing INTEGER*2,
INTEGER*8, & similar features; allowing intrinsics in PARAMETER
statements; & providing debug information on COMMON & EQUIVALENCE
variables. We don't know when these things will be done,
but hope some will be finished in the coming months. You can speed
progress by working on them or by offering funding.
A mailing list exists for announcements about g77. To subscribe,
ask info-gnu-fortran-request@prep.ai.mit.edu. To contact the
developer of g77 or get current status, write or finger
fortran@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
gmp (For current status, see section GNU Software)
The next version of the GNU mp library, 2.0, will have arbitrary
precision floating point arithmetic, and expanded support for integer and
rational number arithmetic. gmp 2.0 is up to 4 times faster than
previous versions. In particular, the speed of multiplication, division,
and GCD has improved.
dictionary@gnu.ai.mit.edu or contact the FSF.
All our software is available via FTP; see section How to Get GNU Software. We also offer software on various media and printed documentation:
In these articles describing the contents of each medium, the version number listed after each program name was current when we published this Bulletin. When you order a distribution tape, diskette, or newer CD-ROM, some of the programs may be newer and therefore the version number higher. See the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form, for ordering information.
Some of the contents of our tape and FTP distributions are compressed. We
have software on our tapes and FTP sites to uncompress these files. Due to
patent troubles with compress, we use another compression program,
gzip. (Such prohibitions on software development are fought by the
League for Programming Freedom; see section What Is the LPF?, for details.)
GNU make is on several of our tapes because some system vendors
supply no make utility at all and some native make programs
lack the VPATH feature essential for using the GNU configure system
to its full extent. The GNU make sources have a shell script to
build make itself on such systems.
We welcome all bug reports and enhancements sent to the appropriate electronic mailing list (see section Free Software Support).
We are using, Autoconf, a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software
packages in order to compile them (see "Autoconf"
below, in this article). The goal is to have all GNU software support the
same alternatives for naming machine and system types.
Ultimately, it will be possible to configure and build the entire system
all at once, eliminating the need to configure each individual package
separately.
You can also specify both the host and target system to build
cross-compilation tools.
Most GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated configure scripts.
For future programs and features, see section Forthcoming GNUs.
Key to cross reference:
BinCD December 1995 Binaries CD-ROM DjgpD Djgpp Diskettes DosBC MS-DOS Book with CD-ROM EmcsD Emacs Diskettes LangT Languages Tape LiteT 4.4BSD-Lite Tape LspEmcT Lisps/Emacs Tape SchmT Scheme Tape SrcCD December 1995 Source CD-ROMs UtilD Selected Utilities Diskettes UtilT Utilities Tape VMSCmpT VMS Compiler Tape VMSEmcsT VMS Emacs Tape WdwsD Windows Diskette X11OptT X11 Optional Tape X11ReqT X11 Required Tape
[FSFman] shows that we sell a manual for that package. [FSFrc] shows we sell a reference card for that package. To order them, see the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form. See section GNU Documentation, for more information on the manuals. Source code for each manual or reference card is included with each package.
acm (SrcCD, UtilT)
acm is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer aerial combat simulation that
runs under the X Window System. Players engage in air to air combat
against one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons.
We are working on a more accurate simulation of real airplane flight
characteristics.
m4 macro calls. Autoconf
requires GNU m4 to operate, but the resulting configure scripts it
generates do not.
sh and offers many extensions found in csh and
ksh. BASH has job control, csh-style command history,
command-line editing (with Emacs and vi modes built-in, and the
ability to rebind keys) via the readline library. BASH conforms to the
POSIX 1003.2-1992 standard.
bc (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
bc is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision
numbers. GNU bc follows the POSIX 1003.2-1992
standard, with several extensions including multi-character variable names,
an else statement, and full Boolean expressions.
The RPN calculator dc is now distributed as part of the same
package, but GNU bc is not implemented as a dc preprocessor.
ld or GDB) to support many
different formats in a clean way. BFD provides a portable interface, so
that only BFD needs to know the details of a particular format. One result
is that all programs using BFD will support formats such as a.out, COFF,
and ELF. BFD comes with Texinfo source for a manual (not yet
published on paper).
gas only on VMSCmpT)
Binutils includes these programs:
ar,
c++filt,
demangle,
gas,
gprof,
ld,
nlmconv,
nm,
objcopy,
objdump,
ranlib,
size,
strings,
&
strip.
Binutils version 2 uses the BFD library. The GNU assembler, gas,
supports the a29k, Alpha, H8/300, H8/500, HP-PA, i386, i960, m68k, m88k, MIPS,
NS32K, SH, SPARC, Tahoe, Vax and Z8000 CPUs, and attempts to be compatible
with many other assemblers for Unix and embedded systems. It can produce
mixed C-and-assembly listings, and includes a macro facility similar to
that in some other assemblers. GNU's linker ld emits source-line
numbered error messages for multiply-defined symbols and undefined
references, and interprets a superset of AT&T's Linker Command Language,
which gives control over where segments are placed in memory.
nlmconv converts object files into Novell NetWare Loadable Modules.
objdump can disassemble code for most of the CPUs listed above, and
can display other data (e.g., symbols and relocations) from any file format
read by BFD.
yacc. Texinfo source for the Bison Manual
and reference card are included. See section GNU Documentation.
malloc which
wastes less memory than the old GNU version. The GNU regular-expression
functions (regex and rx) now nearly conform to the POSIX 1003.2
standard.
GNU stdio lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a
few C functions. The fmemopen function uses this to open a
stream on a string, which can grow as necessary. You can define your
own printf formats to use a C function you have written. For
example, you can safely use format strings from user input to implement
a printf-like function for another programming language.
Extended getopt functions are already used to parse options,
including long options, in many GNU utilities.
The C Library runs on Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1 or Solaris 2), HP
9000/300 (4.3BSD), SONY News 800 (NewsOS 3 or 4), MIPS DECstation (Ultrix
4), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), i386/i486/Pentium (System V, SVR4, BSD, SCO 3.2, &
SCO ODT 2.0),
Sequent Symmetry i386 (Dynix 3), & SGI (Irix 4). See section Forthcoming GNUs. Texinfo source for the GNU C Library Reference Manual is
included (see section GNU Documentation.
gnuplot, & comes with source for a manual & reference card
(see section GNU Documentation).
cfengine (SrcCD, UtilT)
cfengine is used for maintaining site-wide configuration of a
heterogeneous Unix network using a simple high level language. Its
appearance is similar to rdist, but also allows many more operations
to be performed automatically.
See Mark Burgess, "A Site Configuration Engine", Computing
Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3 (ask office@usenix.org how to
get a copy).
xboard.
bug-gnu-chess@prep.ai.mit.edu &
general comments to info-gnu-chess@prep.ai.mit.edu.
cpio (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
cpio is an archive program with all the features of SVR4
cpio, including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 ustar
standard. mt, a program to position magnetic tapes, is included with
cpio.
office@usenix.org how to get a copy.)
expect, which runs scripts to conduct dialogs
with programs.
diff compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
flexible formats. It is much faster than traditional Unix versions. The
Diffutils package contains diff, diff3, sdiff, &
cmp.
Recent improvements include more consistent handling of character sets and
a new diff option to do all input/output in binary; this is useful
on some non-POSIX hosts. Plans for the Diffutils package include support
for internationalization (e.g., error messages in Chinese) and for some
non-Unix PC environments.
flex, & Binutils. Full source code is provided.
It needs at least 5MB of hard disk space to install & 512K
of RAM to use.
It supports SVGA (up to 1024x768),
XMS & VDISK memory allocation,
himem.sys,
VCPI (e.g., QEMM, DESQview, & 386MAX), &
DPMI (e.g., Windows 3.x, OS/2, QEMM, & QDPMI).
The FSF offers it on the section December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, and
on the section DJGPP Diskettes. FTP from `oak.oakland.edu' in
`/simtel/vendors/djgpp/' (or another SimTel mirror site).
djgpp-request@sun.soe.clarkson.edu.
dld (LangT, SrcCD)
dld is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho. Linking your
program with the dld library allows you to dynamically load object
files into the running binary. Currently supported are VAX (Ultrix), Sun 3
(SunOS 3.4 & 4.0), SPARC (SunOS 4.0), Sequent Symmetry (Dynix), & Atari ST.
doschk (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
This program is a utility to help software developers ensure
that their source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms with
14-character filenames and on MS-DOS systems with 8+3 character filenames.
ecc (LangT, SrcCD)
ecc is a Reed-Solomon error correction checking program, which can
correct three byte errors in a block of 255 bytes and detect more severe
errors. Contact paulf@stanford.edu for more information.
ed (SrcCD, UtilT)
ed is the standard text editor.
It is line-oriented and can be used interactively or in scripts.
archive.cis.ohio-state.edu in
`/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive'.
es (SrcCD, UtilT)
es is an extensible shell (based on rc) with first class
functions, lexical scope, exceptions and rich return values (i.e.,
functions can return values other than just numbers). es's
extensibility comes from the ability to modify and extend the shell's
built-in services, such as path searching and redirection. Like rc,
it is great for both interactive use and scripting, particularly since
its quoting rules are much less baroque than the C and Bourne shells.
f2c (LangT, SrcCD)
f2c converts Fortran-77 source into C or C++, which can be
compiled with GCC or G++. Get bug fixes by FTP from site
netlib.att.com or by email from
netlib@research.att.com. See the file
`/netlib/f2c/readme.Z' for a summary.
Also see the GNU Fortran item later in this article, and in
section Forthcoming GNUs.
ffcall (SrcCD)
ffcall is a C library for implementing foreign function calls in
embedded interpreters by Bill Triggs and Bruno Haible. It allows C
functions with arbitrary argument lists and return types to be called
or emulated (callbacks).
chgrp,
chmod,
chown,
cp,
dd,
df,
dir,
du,
install,
ln,
ls,
mkdir,
mkfifo,
mknod,
mv,
rm,
rmdir,
sync,
touch,
&
vdir.
find is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations on
them. Also included are locate, which scans a database for file
names that match a pattern, and xargs, which applies a command to a
list of files.
flex (BinCD, DjgpD, DosBC, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD) [FSFman, FSFrc]
flex is a replacement for the lex scanner generator.
flex was written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
and generates far more efficient scanners than lex does.
Sources for the Flex Manual and reference card are included
(see section GNU Documentation).
g77) See section Forthcoming GNUs (LangT, SrcCD)
GNU Fortran (g77), developed by Craig Burley, is available for
public beta testing on the Internet. For now, g77 produces code
that is mostly object-compatible with f2c & uses the same
run-time library (libf2c).
bpltobzr,
bzrto,
charspace,
fontconvert,
gsrenderfont,
imageto,
imgrotate,
limn,
&
xbfe.
awk. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other
awk implementations. Texinfo source for the GAWK Manual
comes with the software (see section GNU Documentation).
object, but see "GNUStep" in
section Forthcoming GNUs).
As much as possible,
G++ is kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard, but not
with cfront (AT&T's compiler), which has been diverging from ANSI.
The GNU C Compiler is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which
performs automatic register allocation, common sub-expression
elimination, invariant code motion from loops, induction variable
optimizations, constant propagation and copy propagation, delayed
popping of function call arguments, tail recursion elimination,
integration of inline functions and frame pointer elimination,
instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, a certain
amount of common subexpression elimination (CSE) between basic blocks
(though not all of the supported machine descriptions provide for
scheduling or delay slots), a feature for assigning attributes to
instructions, and many local optimizations that are automatically
deduced from the machine description.
GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type long long
int). It supports extended floating point (type long double) on
the 68k; other machines will follow.
GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional C, & GNU C extensions (including:
nested functions support, nonlocal gotos, & taking the address of a label).
GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF, & OSF-Rose files when used with a
suitable assembler. It can produce debugging information in these
formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs, & DWARF.
GCC generates code for many CPUs, including the
a29k,
Alpha
ARM
AT&T
DSP1610
Clipper
Convex cN
Elxsi
Fujitsu Gmicro
i370,
i860,
i960,
MIL-STD-1750a,
MIPS,
ns32k,
PDP-11,
Pyramid,
ROMP,
RS/6000,
SH,
SPUR,
Tahoe,
VAX,
&
we32k.
Position-independent code is generated for the
Clipper,
Hitachi H8/300,
HP--PA (1.0 & 1.1),
i386/i486/Pentium,
m68k,
m88k,
SPARC,
&
SPARClite.
Operating systems supported include:
GNU/Hurd,
GNU/Linux,
ACIS,
AIX,
AOS,
BSD,
Clix,
Concentrix,
Ctix,
DG/UX,
Dynix,
FreeBSD,
Genix,
HP-UX,
Irix,
ISC,
Luna,
LynxOS,
Minix,
NetBSD,
NewsOS,
NeXTStep,
OS/2,
OSF,
OSF-Rose,
RISCOS,
SCO,
Solaris 2,
SunOS 4,
System/370,
SysV,
Ultrix,
Unos,
VMS,
&
Windows/NT.
Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
easy as building a native compiler.
Version 1 of GCC, G++, & libg++ are no longer maintained.
Texinfo source for the Using and Porting GNU CC manual,
is included with GCC (see section GNU Documentation).
gdbtk (FTP it from
ftp.cygnus.com in directory `/pub/gdb'); and
xxgdb (FTP it from ftp.x.org in directory
`/contrib/utilities').
Executable files and symbol tables are read via the BFD library, which
allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with multiple object file
formats (e.g., a.out, COFF, ELF). Other features include a rich command
language, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints
(breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes).
GDB uses a standard remote interface to a simulator library which (so far)
has simulators for the
Hitachi H8/300, H8/500, Super-H, & Zilog Z8001/2.
GDB can perform cross-debugging. To say that GDB targets a platform
means it can perform native or cross-debugging for it. To say that GDB can
host a given platform means that it can be built on it, but cannot
necessarily debug native programs.
gdbm (LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)
gdbm is the GNU replacement for the traditional dbm and
ndbm libraries. It implements a database using quick lookup by
hashing. gdbm does not ordinarily make sparse files (unlike its
Unix and BSD counterparts).
gettext (LangT, SrcCD)
The GNU gettext tool set contains everything maintainers need to
internationalize a package for messages, tools that help translators
localize messages to their native
language, once a package has been internationalized.
See section Help the GNU Translation Project.
enscript); a
utility to extract the text from a Postscript language document; a much more
reliable (and faster) MS Windows implementation; support for
MS C/C++ 7.0; drivers for many new printers
( e.g. the SPARCprinter),
& for TIFF/F (Fax) file format; many more Postscript Level
2 facilities, including most of the color space facilities (but not
patterns); & the ability to switch between Level 1 & Level 2
dynamically. Version 2.6.2 adds a LaserJet 4 driver & several
important bug fixes to version 2.6.1.
Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript language by writing
directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to files for
printing later or manipulating with other graphics programs.
ghostview@cs.wisc.edu, created Ghostview, a
previewer for multi-page files with an X Window interface. Ghostview &
Ghostscript work together; Ghostview creates a viewing window & Ghostscript
draws in it.
gmp See section Forthcoming GNUs (LangT, SrcCD)
GNU mp is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed
integers and rational numbers. It has a rich set of functions with a
regular interface.
gnuplot (SrcCD, UtilT, WdwsD)
gnuplot is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
expressions and data. It plots both curves (2 dimensions) & surfaces (3
dimensions). Curiously, it was neither written nor named for the GNU
Project; the name is a coincidence. Various GNU programs use
gnuplot.
gnuserv (LspEmcT, SrcCD)
gnuserv is a enhanced version of Emacs' emacsclient
program. It lets the user direct a running Emacs to edit files or
evaluate arbitrary Emacs Lisp constructs from another process.
gperf (LangT, SrcCD)
gperf generates perfect hash tables.
The C version is in package cperf.
The C++ version is in libg++.
Both produce hash functions in either C or C++.
spline interpolation program; examples
of shell scripts using graph and plot; a statistics
toolkit; and output in TekniCAD TDA and ln03 file formats. Email bugs or
queries to Rich Murphey, Rich@lamprey.utmb.edu.
grep, egrep, and fgrep, which find
lines that match entered patterns. They are much faster than the
traditional Unix versions.
troff &
includes:
eqn,
nroff,
pic,
refer,
tbl,
troff;
the
man,
ms,
&
mm macros;
& drivers for Postscript, TeX dvi format, and typewriter-like
devices. Groff's mm macro package is almost compatible with the DWB
mm macros with several extensions. Also included is a modified
version of the Berkeley me macros and an enhanced version of the X11
xditview previewer.
A driver for the LaserJet 4 series of printers is currently in test.
Written in C++, these programs can be compiled with GNU C++ Version
2.5 or later.
Groff users are encouraged to contribute enhancements. Most needed
are complete Texinfo documentation, a grap emulation (a pic
preprocessor for typesetting graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar
to pm (see Computing Systems, Vol. 2, No. 2; ask
office@usenix.org how to get a copy), and an ASCII
output class for pic to integrate pic with
Texinfo. Questions and bug reports from users who have read the
documentation provided with Groff can be sent to
bug-groff@prep.ai.mit.edu.
gzip (DjgpD, DosBC, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilT)
gzip can expand LZW-compressed files but uses another, unpatented
algorithm for compression which generally produces better results. It also
expands files compressed with System V's pack program.
hello (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
The GNU hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting. It
allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which would
otherwise be unavailable to them. Because it is protected by the GNU
General Public License, users are free to share and change it.
hello is also a good example of a program that meets the GNU coding
standards.
Like any truly useful program, hello contains a built-in mail
reader.
hp2xx (SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU hp2xx reads HP-GL files, decomposes all drawing commands into
elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector and raster
output formats. It is also an HP-GL previewer. Currently supported vector
formats include encapsulated Postscript, Uniplex RGIP, Metafont, various
special TeX-related formats, and simplified HP-GL (line drawing only)
for imports. Raster formats supported include IMG, PBM, PCX, & HP-PCL
(including Deskjet & DJ5xxC support). Previewers work under X11 (Unix),
OS/2 (PM & full screen), & MS-DOS (SVGA, VGA, & HGC).
indent (DosBC, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)
GNU indent formats C source code into the GNU indentation style. It
also has options to output BSD, K&R, or your own special style. GNU
indent is more robust & provides more functionality than other
such programs, including handling C++ comments. It runs on a number of
systems, including DOS & VMS.
(mjt@octavia.anu.edu.au). See JACAL's documentation at
`http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/'.
JACAL is written in Scheme using the SLIB portable Scheme Library.
It comes with SCM, an IEEE P1178 & R4RS compliant version of Scheme
written in C. SCM runs on Amiga, Atari-ST, MS-DOS, OS/2, NOS/VE,
Unicos, VMS, Unix, & similar systems.
Aubrey Jaffer 84 Pleasant Street Wakefield, MA 01880-1846 USA
less (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
less is a display paginator similar to more and pg, but
with various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) that most
pagers lack.
m4 (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
GNU m4 is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (e.g.,
handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros). m4 also has
built-in functions for including files, running shell commands, doing
arithmetic, etc.
make (BinCD,DjgpD,DosBC,LangT,LspEmcT,SrcCD,UtilD,UtilT)[FSFman]
GNU make supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure
features of the BSD and System V versions of make. GNU extensions
include long options, parallel compilation, flexible implicit pattern
rules, conditional execution, & powerful text manipulation functions.
Texinfo source for the Make Manual comes with the program (see section GNU Documentation).
mc) (SrcCD, UtilT)
The Midnight Commander is a user friendly and colorful Unix file
manager and shell, useful to novice and guru alike. It has a
built-in virtual file system that allows the user to manipulate files
inside tar files (both regular and compressed) or files on remote
machines using the FTP protocol.
mkisofs (SrcCD, UtilT)
mkisofs is a pre-mastering program to generate an ISO 9660 file system.
It takes a snapshot of a directory tree, and makes a binary
image which corresponds to an ISO 9660 file system when written to a
block device.
cdwrite, which can take an image from
mkisofs and write it to a Phillips CD recorder system attached to a
GNU/Linux system.
ncurses (LangT, SrcCD)
ncurses is an implementation of the Unix curses library for
developing screen based programs that are terminal independent.
nvi (SrcCD, UtilT)
nvi is a free implementation of the vi/ex Unix editor.
It has most of the functionality of the original vi/ex,
except "open" mode & the lisp option, which will be added.
Enhancements over vi/ex include split screens with multiple
buffers, handling 8-bit data, infinite file & line lengths, tag stacks,
infinite undo, & extended regular expressions. It runs under GNU/Linux,
BSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, BSDI, AIX, HP-UX, DGUX, IRIX, PSF, PTX, Solaris,
SunOS, Ultrix, and Unixware, & should port easily to other systems.
libobjects) has general-purpose,
non-graphical Objective-C objects written by Andrew McCallum & other
volunteers. It includes collection classes for using groups of objects & C
types, I/O streams, coders for formatting objects & C types to streams,
ports for network packet transmission, distributed objects (remote object
messaging), string classes, exceptions, pseudo-random number generators, &
time handling facilities. It also includes the foundation classes for the
GNUStep project; over 70 of them have already been implemented. The
library is known to work on i386/i486/Pentiums, m68k, SPARC, MIPS, HPPA, &
RS/6000. Send queries & bug reports to mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
gnuplot.
bug-octave@bevo.che.wisc.edu.
p2c (LangT, SrcCD)
p2c is Dave Gillespie's Pascal-to-C translator. It
inputs many different dialects (HP, ISO, Turbo, VAX, et al.)
and generates readable,
maintainable, portable C.
patch (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
patch is our version of Larry Wall's program to take diff's
output and apply those differences to an original file to generate the
modified version.
perl (DosBC, LangT, SrcCD)
Larry Wall's perl combines the features and capabilities of
sed, awk, sh, and C. It also provides
interfaces to the Unix
system calls and many C library routines.
pine (SrcCD, UtilT)
pine is a friendly menu-driven electronic mail manager and user
interface .
ptx See section Forthcoming GNUs (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
GNU ptx is our version of the traditional permuted index
generator. It handles multiple input files at once, produces TeX
compatible output, and generates readable KWIC (KeyWords In Context)
indexes without using nroff.
rc (SrcCD, UtilT)
rc is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than
csh) and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells.
It's intended to be used interactively, but is also great for writing
scripts. It inspired the shell es.
diff, RCS can handle binary
files (executables, object files, 8-bit data, etc).
RCS now conforms to GNU configuration standards and to POSIX
1003.1b-1993.
Also see the CVS item above.
recode See section Forthcoming GNUs (SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU recode converts files between character sets and usages. When
exact transliterations are not possible, it may delete the offending
characters or fall back on approximations. This program recognizes or
outputs nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transliterate
files between almost any pair. Most RFC 1345 character sets are supported.
regex (LangT, SrcCD)
The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
internationalization features. It is included in many GNU programs which
do regular expression matching & is available separately. An alternate
regular expression package, rx, is faster than regex in most
cases & will replace regex over time.
rx (LangT, SrcCD)
Tom Lord has written rx, a new regular expression library which is
faster than the older GNU regex library. It is now being
distributed with sed and tar. rx will be used in the
next releases of m4 and ptx.
screen (SrcCD, UtilT)
screen is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate
"screens" (ttys) on a single character-based terminal. Each virtual
terminal emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ISO 2022 and ISO 6429 (ECMA 48,
ANSI X3.64) functions, including color. Arbitrary keyboard input
translation is also supported. screen sessions can be detached and
resumed later on a different terminal type. Output in detached sessions is
saved for later viewing.
sed (DjgpD, DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
sed is a stream-oriented version of ed. It comes with the
rx library.
shar makes so-called shell archives out of many files, preparing
them for transmission by electronic mail services; unshar helps
unpack these shell archives after reception. uuencode and
uudecode are POSIX compliant implementations of a pair of programs
to transform files into a format that can be safely transmitted across
a 7-bit ASCII link.
basename,
date,
dirname,
echo,
env,
expr,
false,
groups,
hostname,
id,
logname,
nice,
nohup,
pathchk,
printenv,
printf,
pwd,
sleep,
stty,
su,
tee,
test,
true,
tty,
uname,
users,
who,
whoami,
&
yes.
tar (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU tar includes multi-volume support, the ability to archive sparse
files, compression/decompression, remote archives, and
special features that allow tar to be used for incremental and full
backups. GNU tar uses an early draft of the POSIX 1003.1
ustar format which is different from the final version. This
will be corrected in the future.
tput is a portable way for shell scripts to use special terminal
capabilities. tabs is a program to set hardware terminal tab
settings.
web2c
TeX package. Sources are available via anonymous ftp; retrieval
instructions are in `/pub/tex/unixtex.ftp' on ftp.cs.umb.edu.
If you receive any installation support from the University of Washington,
consider sending them a donation.
tar on either a
1/4inch 4-track QIC-24 cartridge or a 4mm DAT cartridge, send
$210.00 to:
Pierre A. MacKay
Department of Classics
DH-10, Denny Hall 218
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
USA
Electronic-Mail: mackay@cs.washington.edu
Telephone: +1-206-543-2268
Please make checks payable to: `University of Washington'.
Do not specify any other payee. That causes accounting problems.
Checks must be in U.S. dollars, drawn on a U.S. bank.
Only prepaid orders can be handled.
Overseas sites: please add to the base cost $20.00 to ship via
air parcel post or $30.00 to ship via courier.
Please check with the above for current prices & formats.
makeinfo,
info,
texi2dvi,
texindex,
tex2patch,
&
fixfonts)
which generate both printed manuals & online hypertext documentation
(called "Info"), & can read online Info documents. Version 3 has both
Emacs Lisp & standalone programs written in C or shell script. Texinfo
mode for Emacs enables easy editing & updating of Texinfo files. Source
for the Texinfo Manual is included (see section GNU Documentation).
cat,
cksum,
comm,
csplit,
cut,
expand,
fmt,
fold,
head,
join,
md5sum,
nl,
od,
paste,
pr,
sort,
split,
sum,
tac,
tail,
tr,
unexpand,
uniq,
and
wc.
time (SrcCD, UtilT)
time reports (usually from a shell) the user, system, & real time
used by a process. On some systems it also reports memory usage, page
faults, etc.
ucblogo (LangT, SrcCD)
ucblogo implements the classic teaching language, Logo.
f,
g,
v (all window & packet sizes),
G,
t,
e,
Zmodem,
&
two new bidirectional (i & j) protocols.
With a BSD sockets library, it can make TCP connections. With TLI
libraries, it can make TLI connections. Source is included for a manual
(not yet published by the FSF).
wdiff (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
wdiff is a front-end to GNU diff. It compares two files,
finding the words deleted or added to the first to make the
second. It has many output formats and works well with terminals and pagers.
wdiff is very useful when two texts differ only by a few words and
paragraphs have been refilled.
xboard, xshogi (SrcCD, UtilT)
xboard is an X Window interface to GNU Chess. xshogi is an X
Window interface to GNU Shogi. They use the R4 Athena widgets and Xt
Intrinsics to provide an interactive referee for managing a game between a
user & a computer opponent, or between two computers. You can also use
xboard without GNU Chess to play through games in files or to play
through games manually (force mode); in this case, moves aren't validated.
xgrabsc (SrcCD)
xgrabsc is a screen capture program similar to xwd but
providing more ways of selecting the part of the screen to capture and
different types of output: Postscript, color Postscript, xwd, bitmap,
pixmap, and puzzle.
Ygl (SrcCD, UtilT)
Ygl emulates a subset of SGI's GL (Graphics Language) library under
X11 on
GNU/Linux with XFree, AIX 3.2, ConvexOS, HP-UX, SunOS, et al.
It has most two-dimensional graphics routines, the queue device &
query routines, double buffering, RGB mode with dithering, FORTRAN
bindings, at al.
Here is a list of what package each GNU program or library is in. You can FTP the current list in the file `/pub/gnu/ProgramIndex' from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software).
* a2p perl * a2x xopt * ac bsd44 * accton bsd44 * ackpfd phttpd * acl bsd44 * acm acm * acms acm * addftinfo Groff * adventure bsd44 * afm2tfm TeX * amd bsd44 * ansitape bsd44 * AnswerGarden xopt * apply bsd44 * appres xreq * apropos bsd44 * ar Binutils * arithmetic bsd44 * arp bsd44 * atc bsd44 * autoconf Autoconf * autoheader Autoconf * autoreconf Autoconf * autoscan Autoconf * autoupdate Autoconf * auto_box xopt * auto_box xreq * b2m Emacs * backgammon bsd44 * bad144 bsd44 * badsect bsd44 * banner bsd44 * basename Shellutils * bash BASH * battlestar bsd44 * bc bc * bcd bsd44 * bdes bsd44 * bdftops Ghostscript * beach_ball xopt * beach_ball xreq * beach_ball2 xopt * bibtex TeX * biff bsd44 * bison Bison * bitmap xreq * boggle bsd44 * bpltobzr Fontutils * bugfiler bsd44 * buildhash Ispell * bzrto Fontutils * c++ GCC * c++filt Binutils * c2ph perl * ca100 xopt * caesar bsd44 * cal bsd44 * calendar bsd44 * canfield bsd44 * cat Textutils * cbars wdiff * cc GCC * cc1 GCC * cc1obj GCC * cc1plus GCC * cccp GCC * cdwrite mkisofs * cfengine cfengine * cgi Spinner * charspace Fontutils * checknr bsd44 * chess bsd44 * chflags bsd44 * chgrp Fileutils * ching bsd44 * chmod Fileutils * chown Fileutils * chpass bsd44 * chroot bsd44 * ci RCS * cksum Textutils * cktyps g77 * clisp CLISP * clri bsd44 * cmail xboard * cmmf TeX * cmodext xopt * cmp Diffutils * co RCS * col bsd44 * colcrt bsd44 * colrm bsd44 * column bsd44 * comm Textutils * compress bsd44 * comsat bsd44 * connectd bsd44 * cp Fileutils * cpicker xopt * cpio cpio * cpp GCC * cppstdin perl * cribbage bsd44 * crock xopt * csh bsd44 * csplit Textutils * ctags Emacs * ctwm xopt * cu UUCP * cut Textutils * cvs CVS * cvscheck CVS * cvtmail Emacs * cxterm xopt * d Fileutils * date Shellutils * dc bc * dd Fileutils * ddd DDD * delatex TeX * demangle Binutils * descend CVS * detex TeX * df Fileutils * dhtppd phttpd * diff Diffutils * diff3 Diffutils * digest-doc Emacs * dipress bsd44 * dir Fileutils * dirname Shellutils * dish xopt * disklabel bsd44 * diskpart bsd44 * dld dld * dm bsd44 * dmesg bsd44 * doschk doschk * dox xopt * du Fileutils * dump bsd44 * dump mkisofs * dumpfs bsd44 * dvi2tty TeX * dvicopy TeX * dvips TeX * dvitype TeX * ecc ecc * echo Shellutils * ed ed * edit-pr GNATS * editres xreq * edquota bsd44 * eeprom bsd44 * egrep grep * emacs Emacs * emacsclient Emacs * emacsserver Emacs * emacstool Emacs * emu xopt