Index

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Index EntrySection

_
_ (underscore)
C macroExplaining gettext
in names of private variablesLibrary Names
translatable stringsProgrammer i18n
_gr_init() user-defined functionGroup Functions
_ord_init() user-defined functionOrdinal Functions
_pw_init() user-defined functionPasswd Functions

-
- (hyphen)
- operatorPrecedence
- operatorPrecedence
-- end of options markerOptions
-- operatorIncrement Ops
-- operatorPrecedence
-= operatorAssignment Ops
-= operatorPrecedence
file names beginning withOptions
in bracket expressionsBracket Expressions
--assign optionOptions
--bignum optionOptions
--characters-as-bytes optionOptions
--copyright optionOptions
--csv optionOptions
--debug optionOptions
--disable-extensions configuration optionAdditional Configuration Options
--disable-lint configuration optionAdditional Configuration Options
--disable-mpfr configuration optionAdditional Configuration Options
--disable-nls configuration optionAdditional Configuration Options
--dump-variables optionOptions
using for library functionsLibrary Names
--enable-versioned-extension-dir configuration optionAdditional Configuration Options
--exec optionOptions
--field-separator optionOptions
--file optionOptions
--gen-pot optionOptions
--gen-pot optionString Extraction
--gen-pot optionString Extraction
--help optionOptions
--include optionOptions
--lint optionCommand Line
--lint optionOptions
--lint-old optionOptions
--load optionOptions
--no-optimize optionOptions
--non-decimal-data optionOptions
--non-decimal-data optionNondecimal Data
strtonum() function andNondecimal Data
--optimize optionOptions
--posix optionOptions
--traditional option andOptions
--pretty-print optionOptions
--profile optionOptions
--profile optionProfiling
--re-interval optionOptions
--sandbox optionOptions
disabling system() functionI/O Functions
input redirection with getlineGetline
output redirection with print
printfRedirection
--source optionOptions
--trace optionOptions
--traditional optionOptions
--posix option andOptions
--use-lc-numeric optionOptions
--version optionOptions
-b optionOptions
-c optionOptions
-C optionOptions
-d optionOptions
-D optionOptions
-e optionOptions
-E optionOptions
-e optionOptions
-f optionLong
-F optionOptions
-f optionOptions
-Ft sets FS to TABOptions
command-lineCommand Line Field Separator
multiple usesOptions
-g optionOptions
-h optionOptions
-i optionOptions
-I optionOptions
-k optionOptions
-l optionOptions
-l optionOptions
-L optionOptions
-M optionOptions
-n optionOptions
-N optionOptions
-o optionOptions
-O optionOptions
-p optionOptions
-P optionOptions
-r optionOptions
-s optionOptions
-S optionOptions
-v optionOptions
-V optionOptions
-v optionAssignment Options
-W optionOptions

,
, (comma), in range patternsRanges

;
; (semicolon)
AWKPATH variable andPC Using
separating rulesStatements/Lines
separating statements in actionsStatements/Lines
separating statements in actionsAction Overview
separating statements in actionsStatements

:
: (colon)
:: namespace separatorQualified Names
?: operatorPrecedence

!
! (exclamation point)
! operatorBoolean Ops
! operatorPrecedence
! operatorRanges
! operatorEgrep Program
!= operatorComparison Operators
!= operatorPrecedence
!~ operatorRegexp Usage
!~ operatorComputed Regexps
!~ operatorCase-sensitivity
!~ operatorRegexp Constants
!~ operatorComparison Operators
!~ operatorComparison Operators
!~ operatorPrecedence
!~ operatorExpression Patterns

?
? (question mark)
?: operatorPrecedence
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
regexp operatorGNU Regexp Operators

.
. (period), regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
.gmo filesExplaining gettext
specifying directory ofExplaining gettext
specifying directory ofProgrammer i18n
.mo files, converting from .poI18N Example
.po filesExplaining gettext
.po filesTranslator i18n
converting to .moI18N Example
.pot filesExplaining gettext

'
' (single quote)One-shot
in gawk command linesLong
in shell commandsQuoting
vs. apostropheComments
with double quotesQuoting

"
" (double quote)
in regexp constantsComputed Regexps
in shell commandsQuoting

(
() (parentheses)
in a profileProfiling
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details

[
[] (square brackets), regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details

{
{} (braces)Profiling
actions andAction Overview
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
statements, groupingStatements

@
@ (at-sign)
@-notation for indirect function callsIndirect Calls
@include directiveInclude Files
@load directiveLoading Shared Libraries
@namespace directiveChanging The Namespace
BEGIN, BEGINFILE, END, ENDFILE andChanging The Namespace

*
* (asterisk)
* operator
as multiplication operatorPrecedence
as regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
null strings, matchingString Functions
** operatorArithmetic Ops
** operatorPrecedence
**= operatorAssignment Ops
**= operatorPrecedence
*= operatorAssignment Ops
*= operatorPrecedence

/
/ (forward slash)
/ operatorPrecedence
/= operatorAssignment Ops
/= operatorPrecedence
vs. /=…/ regexp constantAssignment Ops
patterns andExpression Patterns
to enclose regular expressionsRegexp
/= operator vs. /=…/ regexp constantAssignment Ops
/dev/… special filesSpecial FD
/dev/fd/N special files (gawk)Special FD
/inet/… special files (gawk)TCP/IP Networking
/inet4/… special files (gawk)TCP/IP Networking
/inet6/… special files (gawk)TCP/IP Networking

\
\ (backslash)Comments
\' operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\" escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\/ escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\` operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\< operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\> operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\a escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\b escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\B operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\f escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\n escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\nnn escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\r escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\s operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\S operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\t escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\u escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\v escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\w operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\W operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\x escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\y operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
as field separatorCommand Line Field Separator
continuing lines andStatements/Lines
comments andStatements/Lines
in cshStatements/Lines
gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions andGory Details
in bracket expressionsBracket Expressions
in escape sequencesEscape Sequences
in escape sequencesEscape Sequences
POSIX andEscape Sequences
in regexp constantsComputed Regexps
in shell commandsQuoting
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details

&
& (ampersand)
&& operatorBoolean Ops
&& operatorPrecedence
gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions andGory Details

#
# (number sign)
#! (executable scripts)Executable Scripts
commentingComments

%
% (percent sign)
% operatorPrecedence
%= operatorAssignment Ops
%= operatorPrecedence

^
^ (caret)
^ operatorPrecedence
^= operatorAssignment Ops
^= operatorPrecedence
in bracket expressionsBracket Expressions
in FSRegexp Field Splitting
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
regexp operatorGNU Regexp Operators

+
+ (plus sign)
+ operatorPrecedence
+ operatorPrecedence
++ operatorIncrement Ops
++ operatorIncrement Ops
++ operatorPrecedence
+= operatorAssignment Ops
+= operatorPrecedence
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details

<
< (left angle bracket)
< operatorComparison Operators
< operatorPrecedence
< operator (I/O)Getline/File
<= operatorComparison Operators
<= operatorPrecedence

=
= (equals sign)
= operatorAssignment Ops
== operatorComparison Operators
== operatorPrecedence

>
> (right angle bracket)
> operatorComparison Operators
> operatorPrecedence
> operator (I/O)Redirection
>= operatorComparison Operators
>= operatorPrecedence
>> operator (I/O)Redirection
>> operator (I/O)Precedence

|
| (vertical bar)Regexp Operator Details
| operator (I/O)Getline/Pipe
| operator (I/O)Redirection
| operator (I/O)Precedence
|& operator (I/O)Getline/Coprocess
|& operator (I/O)Redirection
|& operator (I/O)Precedence
|& operator (I/O)Two-way I/O
pipes, closingClose Files And Pipes
|| operatorBoolean Ops
|| operatorPrecedence

~
~ (tilde), ~ operatorRegexp Usage
~ (tilde), ~ operatorComputed Regexps
~ (tilde), ~ operatorCase-sensitivity
~ (tilde), ~ operatorRegexp Constants
~ (tilde), ~ operatorComparison Operators
~ (tilde), ~ operatorComparison Operators
~ (tilde), ~ operatorPrecedence
~ (tilde), ~ operatorExpression Patterns

$
$ (dollar sign)
$ field operatorFields
$ field operatorPrecedence
incrementing fields and arraysIncrement Ops
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details

A
aaa (amazing awk assembler) programGlossary
accessing fieldsFields
accessing global variables from extensionsSymbol Table Access
account informationPasswd Functions
account informationGroup Functions
actionsAction Overview
control statements inStatements
defaultVery Simple
emptyVery Simple
Ada programming languageGlossary
adding
features to gawkAdding Code
fieldsChanging Fields
advanced features
fixed-width dataConstant Size
gawkAdvanced Features
network programmingTCP/IP Networking
nondecimal input dataNondecimal Data
processes, communicating withTwo-way I/O
specifying field contentSplitting By Content
Aho, AlfredHistory
Aho, AlfredContributors
Aho, AlfredOther Versions
alarm clock example programAlarm Program
alarm.awk programAlarm Program
algorithmsBasic High Level
all source files, show in debuggerDebugger Info
allocating memory for extensionsMemory Allocation Functions
amazing awk assembler (aaa)Glossary
amazingly workable formatter (awf)Glossary
ambiguity, syntactic: /= operator vs. /=…/ regexp constantAssignment Ops
ampersand (&)
&& operatorBoolean Ops
&& operatorPrecedence
gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions andGory Details
anagram.awk programAnagram Program
anagrams, findingAnagram Program
AND bitwise operationBitwise Functions
and Boolean-logic operatorBoolean Ops
and() function (gawk)Bitwise Functions
ANSIGlossary
API
informational variablesExtension API Informational Variables
versionExtension Versioning
API, ownership of MPFR and GMP valuesAPI Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values
arbitrary precisionArbitrary Precision Arithmetic
arbitrary precisionComputer Arithmetic
integersArbitrary Precision Integers
archaeologistsBugs
arctangentNumeric Functions
ARGC/ARGV variablesAuto-set
command-line argumentsOther Arguments
how to useARGC and ARGV
portability andExecutable Scripts
ARGIND variableAuto-set
command-line argumentsOther Arguments
arguments
command-lineOther Arguments
command-lineAuto-set
command-lineARGC and ARGV
invoking awkCommand Line
in function callsFunction Calls
processingGetopt Function
ARGV arrayOptions
ARGV array, indexing intoOther Arguments
arithmetic operatorsArithmetic Ops
array manipulation in extensionsArray Manipulation
array membersReference to Elements
array scanning order, controllingControlling Scanning
array subscripts
null string asUninitialized Subscripts
numbers asNumeric Array Subscripts
arraysArrays
arrays of arraysArrays of Arrays
as parameters to functionsPass By Value/Reference
associativeArray Intro
library functions andLibrary Names
deleting entire contentsDelete
elements
assigning valuesAssigning Elements
deletingDelete
order of access by in operatorScanning an Array
retrieving number ofString Functions
that don’t existReference to Elements
example of usingArray Example
for statement andScanning an Array
IGNORECASE variable andArray Intro
indexingArray Intro
merging into stringsJoin Function
multidimensionalMultidimensional
scanningMultiscanning
number of elementsString Functions
numeric subscriptsNumeric Array Subscripts
referencing elementsReference to Elements
scanningScanning an Array
sorting
asort() function (gawk)Array Sorting Functions
asorti() function (gawk)Array Sorting Functions
IGNORECASE variable andArray Sorting Functions
sparseArray Intro
subscripts, uninitialized variables asUninitialized Subscripts
unassigned elementsReference to Elements
artificial intelligence, gawk andDistribution contents
ASCIIEscape Sequences
ASCIIBracket Expressions
ASCIIScalar Constants
ASCIIOrdinal Functions
ASCIIAlarm Program
ASCIITwo-way I/O
ASCIIRanges and Locales
ASCIIRanges and Locales
ASCIIHistory summary
ASCIIGlossary
ASCIIGlossary
asort() function (gawk)String Functions
asort() function (gawk)Array Sorting Functions
arrays, sortingArray Sorting Functions
side effectsArray Sorting Functions
asorti() function (gawk)String Functions
asorti() function (gawk)Array Sorting Functions
arrays, sortingArray Sorting Functions
side effectsArray Sorting Functions
assert() function (C library)Assert Function
assert() user-defined functionAssert Function
assertionsAssert Function
assign values to variables, in debuggerViewing And Changing Data
assignment operatorsAssignment Ops
evaluation orderAssignment Ops
lvalues/rvaluesAssignment Ops
assignments as file namesIgnoring Assigns
associative arraysArray Intro
asterisk (*)
* operator
as multiplication operatorPrecedence
as regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
null strings, matchingString Functions
** operatorArithmetic Ops
** operatorPrecedence
**= operatorAssignment Ops
**= operatorPrecedence
*= operatorAssignment Ops
*= operatorPrecedence
at-sign (@)
@-notation for indirect function callsIndirect Calls
@include directiveInclude Files
@load directiveLoading Shared Libraries
@namespace directiveChanging The Namespace
BEGIN, BEGINFILE, END, ENDFILE andChanging The Namespace
atan2() functionNumeric Functions
automatic displays, in debuggerDebugger Info
awf (amazingly workable formatter) programGlossary
awkPreface
awkSee also gawk
awk
function ofGetting Started
gawk andPreface
gawk andThis Manual
history ofHistory
implementation issues
pipesRedirection
implementationsOther Versions
limitsGetline Notes
invokingCommand Line
language, POSIX versionAssignment Ops
language, POSIX versionNext Statement
language, POSIX versionDefinition Syntax
namespaceDefault Namespace
identifier name storageInternal Name Management
use for indirect function callsInternal Name Management
new vs. oldNames
OFMT variableStrings And Numbers
POSIX andPreface
POSIX andPreface
profiling, enablingOptions
regexp constants andComparison Operators
terms describingThis Manual
uses forPreface
uses forGetting Started
uses forWhen
versions ofV7/SVR3.1
versions ofBTL
versions ofOther Versions
changes between SVR3.1 and SVR4SVR4
changes between SVR4 and POSIX awkPOSIX
changes between V7 and SVR3.1V7/SVR3.1
awk programsGetting Started
awk programsExecutable Scripts
awk programsTwo Rules
complexWhen
debugging, enablingOptions
documentingComments
documentingLibrary Names
examples ofSample Programs
execution ofNext Statement
internationalizingI18N Functions
internationalizingProgrammer i18n
lengthyLong
assertionsAssert Function
location ofOptions
location ofOptions
location ofOptions
one-line examplesVery Simple
profilingProfiling
runningRunning gawk
runningLong
from shell scriptsOne-shot
without input filesRead Terminal
shell variables inUsing Shell Variables
awk to Go translatorOther Versions
AWK_HASH environment variableOther Environment Variables
awka compiler for awkOther Versions
AWKBUFSIZE environment variableOther Environment Variables
awkcc, awk to C translatorOther Versions
AWKgoOther Versions
AWKLIBPATH environment variableOptions
AWKLIBPATH environment variableAWKLIBPATH Variable
AWKLIBPATH environment variableLoading Shared Libraries
AWKLIBPATH environment variableInvoking Summary
AWKLIBPATH environment variableCreating Arrays
AWKLIBPATH environment variableUsing Internal File Ops
AWKLIBPATH environment variablePOSIX/GNU
AWKLIBPATH environment variableDistribution contents
AWKLIBPATH environment variableShell Startup Files
AWKPATH environment variableAWKPATH Variable
AWKPATH environment variableInclude Files
AWKPATH environment variableInvoking Summary
AWKPATH environment variableIgawk Program
AWKPATH environment variableIgawk Program
AWKPATH environment variableDebugger Invocation
AWKPATH environment variablePOSIX/GNU
AWKPATH environment variableFeature History
AWKPATH environment variableDistribution contents
AWKPATH environment variableShell Startup Files
AWKPATH environment variablePC Using
AWKPATH environment variableOpenVMS Running
awkprof.out fileProfiling
AWKREADFUNC environment variableOther Environment Variables
awksed.awk programSimple Sed
awkvars.out fileOptions

B
b debugger command (alias for break)Breakpoint Control
backslash (\)Comments
\' operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\" escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\/ escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\` operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\< operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\> operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\a escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\b escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\B operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\f escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\n escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\nnn escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\r escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\s operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\S operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\t escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\u escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\v escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\w operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\W operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
\x escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\y operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
as field separatorCommand Line Field Separator
continuing lines andStatements/Lines
comments andStatements/Lines
in cshStatements/Lines
gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions andGory Details
in bracket expressionsBracket Expressions
in escape sequencesEscape Sequences
in escape sequencesEscape Sequences
POSIX andEscape Sequences
in regexp constantsComputed Regexps
in shell commandsQuoting
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
backtrace debugger commandExecution Stack
Beebe, Nelson H.F.Acknowledgments
Beebe, Nelson H.F.Numeric Functions
Beebe, Nelson H.F.Other Versions
BEGIN patternField Separators
BEGIN patternBEGIN/END
BEGIN patternUsing BEGIN/END
@namespace directive andChanging The Namespace
assert() user-defined function andAssert Function
Boolean patterns andExpression Patterns
exit statement andExit Statement
getline andGetline Notes
headings, addingPrint Examples
next/nextfile statements andI/O And BEGIN/END
next/nextfile statements andNext Statement
OFS/ORS variables, assigning values toOutput Separators
operators andUsing BEGIN/END
print statement andI/O And BEGIN/END
profiling andProfiling
pwcat programPasswd Functions
running awk programs andCut Program
TEXTDOMAIN variable andProgrammer i18n
BEGINFILE patternBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
@namespace directive andChanging The Namespace
Boolean patterns andExpression Patterns
beginfile() user-defined functionFiletrans Function
Bentley, JonGlossary
Benzinger, MichaelContributors
Berry, KarlAcknowledgments
Berry, KarlAcknowledgments
Berry, KarlRanges and Locales
binary input/outputUser-modified
bindtextdomain() function (C library)Explaining gettext
bindtextdomain() function (gawk)I18N Functions
bindtextdomain() function (gawk)Programmer i18n
portability andI18N Portability
BINMODE variableUser-modified
BINMODE variablePC Using
bit-manipulation functionsBitwise Functions
bits2str() user-defined functionBitwise Functions
bitwise
ANDBitwise Functions
complementBitwise Functions
complementBitwise Functions
operationsBitwise Functions
ORBitwise Functions
shiftBitwise Functions
XORBitwise Functions
body
in actionsStatements
in loopsWhile Statement
Boolean expressionsBoolean Ops
as patternsExpression Patterns
boolean functionBoolean Functions
Boolean operators, See Boolean expressions
Bornstein, DanOther Versions
Bourne shell, quoting rules forQuoting
braces ({})Profiling
actions andAction Overview
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
statements, groupingStatements
bracket expressionsRegexp Operator Details
bracket expressionsBracket Expressions
character classesBracket Expressions
character listsBracket Expressions
collating elementsBracket Expressions
collating symbolsBracket Expressions
complementedRegexp Operator Details
equivalence classesBracket Expressions
non-ASCIIBracket Expressions
range expressionsBracket Expressions
break debugger commandBreakpoint Control
break statementBreak Statement
breakpointDebugging Terms
at location, how to deleteBreakpoint Control
commands to execute atDebugger Execution Control
conditionBreakpoint Control
delete by numberBreakpoint Control
how to disable or enableBreakpoint Control
settingBreakpoint Control
show all in debuggerDebugger Info
Brennan, MichaelForeword3
Brennan, MichaelForeword4
Brennan, MichaelAcknowledgments
Brennan, MichaelDelete
Brennan, MichaelSimple Sed
Brennan, MichaelOther Versions
Brennan, MichaelOther Versions
Brian Kernighan’s awkWhen
Brian Kernighan’s awkEscape Sequences
Brian Kernighan’s awkGNU Regexp Operators
Brian Kernighan’s awkgawk split records
Brian Kernighan’s awkRegexp Field Splitting
Brian Kernighan’s awkGetline/Pipe
Brian Kernighan’s awkConcatenation
Brian Kernighan’s awkI/O And BEGIN/END
Brian Kernighan’s awkBreak Statement
Brian Kernighan’s awkContinue Statement
Brian Kernighan’s awkNextfile Statement
Brian Kernighan’s awkDelete
Brian Kernighan’s awkString Functions
Brian Kernighan’s awkGory Details
Brian Kernighan’s awkI/O Functions
extensionsBTL
source codeOther Versions
Brini, DavideSignature Program
Brink, JeroenDOS Quoting
Broder, Alan J.Contributors
Brown, MartinContributors
BSD-based operating systemsGlossary
bt debugger command (alias for backtrace)Execution Stack
Buening, AndreasAcknowledgments
Buening, AndreasContributors
Buening, AndreasMaintainers
buffering
input/outputI/O Functions
input/outputTwo-way I/O
interactive vs. noninteractiveI/O Functions
buffers
flushingI/O Functions
flushingI/O Functions
operators forGNU Regexp Operators
bug reports, email address, Bug address
bug reporting addressBug address
built-in functionsFunctions
evaluation orderCalling Built-in
BusyBox AwkOther Versions
BWK awk, See Brian Kernighan’s awk
BWK awk
interval expressions inInterval Expressions
bytes
countingWc Program

C
C library functions
assert()Assert Function
bindtextdomain()Explaining gettext
endgrent()Group Functions
endpwent()Passwd Functions
getaddrinfo()TCP/IP Networking
getgrent()Group Functions
getgrent()Group Functions
getgrgid()Group Functions
getgrnam()Group Functions
getgruser()Group Functions
getopt()Getopt Function
getpwent()Passwd Functions
getpwent()Passwd Functions
getpwnam()Passwd Functions
getpwuid()Passwd Functions
gettext()Explaining gettext
textdomain()Explaining gettext
c.e., See common extensions
call by referencePass By Value/Reference
call by valuePass By Value/Reference
call stack
display in debuggerExecution Stack
explanation ofDebugging Terms
caret (^)
^ operatorPrecedence
^= operatorAssignment Ops
^= operatorPrecedence
in bracket expressionsBracket Expressions
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
regexp operatorGNU Regexp Operators
case keywordSwitch Statement
case sensitivity
array indices andArray Intro
converting caseString Functions
example programsLibrary Functions
gawkCase-sensitivity
regexps andCase-sensitivity
regexps andUser-modified
string comparisons andUser-modified
CGI, awk scripts forOptions
character classes, See bracket expressions
character lists, See bracket expressions
character sets (in regular expressions), See bracket expressions
character sets (machine character encodings)Ordinal Functions
character sets (machine character encodings)Glossary
characters
countingWc Program
transliteratingTranslate Program
values of as numbersOrdinal Functions
Chassell, Robert J.Acknowledgments
chdir() extension functionExtension Sample File Functions
checking for MPFRChecking for MPFR
chem utilityGlossary
chr() extension functionExtension Sample Ord
chr() user-defined functionOrdinal Functions
clear debugger commandBreakpoint Control
Cliff random numbersCliff Random Function
cliff_rand() user-defined functionCliff Random Function
close file or coprocessI/O Functions
Close, DianeManual History
Close, DianeContributors
close() functionClose Files And Pipes
close() functionI/O Functions
portabilityClose Files And Pipes
return valueClose Return Value
two-way pipes andTwo-way I/O
Collado, ManuelAcknowledgments
Collado, ManuelMore CSV
Collado, ManuelMore CSV
collating elementsBracket Expressions
collating symbolsBracket Expressions
Colombo, AntonioAcknowledgments
Colombo, AntonioContributors
colon (:)
:: namespace separatorQualified Names
?: operatorPrecedence
columns
aligningPrint Examples
cuttingCut Program
comma (,), in range patternsRanges
comma separated values (CSV) data
--csv optionOptions
-k optionOptions
generating CSV dataTo CSV Function
parsing with FPATSplitting By Content
parsing with FPAT libraryMore CSV
records and fieldsComma Separated Fields
command completion, in debuggerReadline Support
command line
argumentsOther Arguments
argumentsAuto-set
argumentsAuto-set
argumentsARGC and ARGV
directories onCommand-line directories
formatsRunning gawk
FS on, settingCommand Line Field Separator
invoking awk fromCommand Line
option -fLong
optionsOptions
end ofOptions
processingGetopt Function
string extractionString Extraction
variables, assigning onAssignment Options
commands debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
commands to execute at breakpointDebugger Execution Control
commentingComments
backslash continuation andStatements/Lines
common extensions
** operatorArithmetic Ops
**= operatorAssignment Ops
/dev/stderr special fileSpecial FD
/dev/stdin special fileSpecial FD
/dev/stdout special fileSpecial FD
\u escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\x escape sequenceEscape Sequences
BINMODE variablePC Using
delete to delete entire arraysDelete
func keywordDefinition Syntax
length() applied to an arrayString Functions
RS as a regexpgawk split records
single character fieldsSingle Character Fields
comp.lang.awk newsgroupUsenet
comparison expressionsTyping and Comparison
as patternsExpression Patterns
string vs. regexpComparison Operators
compatibility mode (gawk)
extensionsPOSIX/GNU
file namesSpecial Caveats
hexadecimal numbersNondecimal-numbers
octal numbersNondecimal-numbers
specifyingOptions
compiled programsBasic High Level
compiled programsGlossary
compiling gawk
for CygwinCygwin
for MS-WindowsPC Compiling
for OpenVMSOpenVMS Compilation
compl() function (gawk)Bitwise Functions
complement, bitwiseBitwise Functions
component nameQualified Names
naming rulesNaming Rules
compound statements, control statements andStatements
concatenatingConcatenation
condition debugger commandBreakpoint Control
conditional expressionsConditional Exp
configuration option
--disable-extensionsAdditional Configuration Options
--disable-lintAdditional Configuration Options
--disable-mpfrAdditional Configuration Options
--disable-nlsAdditional Configuration Options
--enable-versioned-extension-dirAdditional Configuration Options
configuration options, gawkAdditional Configuration Options
constants
nondecimalNondecimal Data
numericScalar Constants
regexpRegexp Usage
stringScalar Constants
types ofConstants
continue debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
continue program, in debuggerDebugger Execution Control
continue statementContinue Statement
control statementsStatements
controlling array scanning orderControlling Scanning
converting
dates to timestampsTime Functions
integer array subscripts to stringsNumeric Array Subscripts
numbers to stringsStrings And Numbers
numbers to stringsBitwise Functions
string to lower caseString Functions
string to numbersStrings And Numbers
string to numbersString Functions
string to numbersBitwise Functions
string to upper caseString Functions
CONVFMT variableStrings And Numbers
CONVFMT variableUser-modified
array subscripts andNumeric Array Subscripts
cookieGlossary
coprocessesRedirection
coprocessesTwo-way I/O
closingClose Files And Pipes
getline fromGetline/Coprocess
cos() functionNumeric Functions
cosineNumeric Functions
counting words, lines, characters, and bytesWc Program
cppawkOther Versions
csh utilityStatements/Lines
|& operator, comparison withTwo-way I/O
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableOptions
CSV (comma separated values) data
--csv optionOptions
-k optionOptions
generating CSV dataTo CSV Function
parsing with CSVMODE libraryMore CSV
parsing with FPATSplitting By Content
records and fieldsComma Separated Fields
CSVMODE library for gawkMore CSV
ctime() user-defined functionFunction Example
Curreli, MarcoContributors
currency symbols, localizationExplaining gettext
current namespace, pushing and poppingChanging The Namespace
current source file, show in debuggerDebugger Info
current system timeTime Functions
custom.h fileConfiguration Philosophy
customized input parserInput Parsers
customized output wrapperOutput Wrappers
customized two-way processorTwo-way processors
cut utilityCut Program
cut utilityCut Program
cut.awk programCut Program

D
d debugger command (alias for delete)Breakpoint Control
d.c., See dark corner
dark cornerConventions
dark cornerGlossary
"0" is actually trueTruth Values
/= operator vs. /=…/ regexp constantAssignment Ops
^, in FSRegexp Field Splitting
ARGV variable, value ofExecutable Scripts
array subscriptsUninitialized Subscripts
backslash continuation on command lineStatements/Lines
break statementBreak Statement
close() functionClose Return Value
command line, backslash continuation onStatements/Lines
command-line argumentsAssignment Options
continue statementContinue Statement
CONVFMT variableStrings And Numbers
empty programsCommand Line
escape sequencesOther Arguments
for metacharactersEscape Sequences
exit statementExit Statement
field separatorsFull Line Fields
FILENAME variableGetline Notes
FILENAME variableAuto-set
FNR/NR variablesAuto-set
format-control charactersControl Letters
format-control charactersControl Letters
FS as null stringSingle Character Fields
input filesawk split records
invoking awkCommand Line
length() functionString Functions
locale’s decimal point characterLocale influences conversions
multiline recordsMultiple Line
NF variable, decrementingChanging Fields
OFMT variableOFMT
parameter name restrictionsDefinition Syntax
range patterns, line continuation andRanges
regexp as second argument to index()String Functions
regexp constantsStandard Regexp Constants
/= operator andAssignment Ops
as arguments to user-defined functionsStandard Regexp Constants
split() functionString Functions
string continuationScalar Constants
strings, storinggawk split records
value of ARGV[0]Auto-set
data-driven languagesBasic High Level
data, fixed-widthConstant Size
database
group, readingGroup Functions
users, readingPasswd Functions
date utility
GNUTime Functions
POSIXTime Functions
dates
converting to timestampsTime Functions
information related to, localizationExplaining gettext
Davies, StephenAcknowledgments
Davies, StephenContributors
Day, Robert P.J.Acknowledgments
dcgettext() function (gawk)I18N Functions
dcgettext() function (gawk)Programmer i18n
portability andI18N Portability
dcngettext() function (gawk)I18N Functions
dcngettext() function (gawk)Programmer i18n
portability andI18N Portability
deadlocksTwo-way I/O
debugger
capabilitiesDebugging Concepts
command completionReadline Support
commands
b (break)Finding The Bug
b (break)Breakpoint Control
backtraceFinding The Bug
backtraceExecution Stack
breakFinding The Bug
breakBreakpoint Control
breakpointFinding The Bug
bt (backtrace)Finding The Bug
bt (backtrace)Execution Stack
c (continue)Debugger Execution Control
clearBreakpoint Control
commandsDebugger Execution Control
conditionBreakpoint Control
continueDebugger Execution Control
d (delete)Breakpoint Control
deleteBreakpoint Control
disableBreakpoint Control
displayViewing And Changing Data
downExecution Stack
dumpMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
e (enable)Breakpoint Control
enableBreakpoint Control
endDebugger Execution Control
evalViewing And Changing Data
f (frame)Execution Stack
finishDebugger Execution Control
frameExecution Stack
h (help)Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
helpMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
i (info)Debugger Info
ignoreBreakpoint Control
infoDebugger Info
l (list)Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
listMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
n (next)Finding The Bug
n (next)Debugger Execution Control
nextFinding The Bug
nextDebugger Execution Control
nextiDebugger Execution Control
ni (nexti)Debugger Execution Control
o (option)Debugger Info
optionDebugger Info
p (print)Finding The Bug
p (print)Viewing And Changing Data
printFinding The Bug
printViewing And Changing Data
printfViewing And Changing Data
q (quit)Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
quitMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
r (run)Debugger Execution Control
returnDebugger Execution Control
runFinding The Bug
runDebugger Execution Control
s (step)Debugger Execution Control
setViewing And Changing Data
si (stepi)Debugger Execution Control
silentDebugger Execution Control
stepDebugger Execution Control
stepiDebugger Execution Control
t (tbreak)Breakpoint Control
tbreakBreakpoint Control
traceMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
u (until)Debugger Execution Control
undisplayViewing And Changing Data
untilDebugger Execution Control
unwatchViewing And Changing Data
upExecution Stack
w (watch)Viewing And Changing Data
watchViewing And Changing Data
where (backtrace)Execution Stack
conceptsDebugging Terms
default list amountDebugger Info
history expansionReadline Support
history fileDebugger Info
history sizeDebugger Info
how to startDebugger Invocation
instruction tracingDebugger Info
interaction with namespacesNamespace And Features
limitationsLimitations
optionsDebugger Info
printing all array elementsFinding The Bug
printing single array elementsFinding The Bug
promptDebugger Invocation
promptDebugger Info
read commands from a fileDebugger Info
repeating commandsList of Debugger Commands
running the programFinding The Bug
save commands to a fileDebugger Info
setting a breakpointFinding The Bug
stack frames, showingFinding The Bug
debugging
awk programsDebugger
example sessionSample Debugging Session
debugging gawk, bug reportsBugs
decimal point character, locale specificOptions
decrement operatorsIncrement Ops
default keywordSwitch Statement
Deifik, ScottAcknowledgments
Deifik, ScottContributors
delete arrayDelete
delete breakpoint
at locationBreakpoint Control
by numberBreakpoint Control
delete debugger commandBreakpoint Control
delete statementDelete
delete watchpointViewing And Changing Data
deleting
elements in arraysDelete
entire arraysDelete
Demaille, AkimAcknowledgments
describe call stack frame, in debuggerDebugger Info
differences in awk and gawk
ARGC/ARGV variablesARGC and ARGV
ARGIND variableAuto-set
array elements, deletingDelete
AWKLIBPATH environment variableAWKLIBPATH Variable
AWKPATH environment variableAWKPATH Variable
BEGIN/END patternsI/O And BEGIN/END
BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patternsBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
BINMODE variableUser-modified
BINMODE variablePC Using
close() functionClose Files And Pipes
close() functionClose Return Value
command-line directoriesCommand-line directories
ERRNO variableAuto-set
error messagesSpecial FD
FIELDWIDTHS variableUser-modified
FPAT variableUser-modified
FUNCTAB variableAuto-set
function argumentsCalling Built-in
getline commandGetline
IGNORECASE variableUser-modified
implementation limitationsGetline Notes
implementation limitationsRedirection
indirect function callsIndirect Calls
input/output operatorsGetline/Coprocess
input/output operatorsRedirection
length() functionString Functions
line continuationsConditional Exp
LINT variableUser-modified
match() functionString Functions
print/printf statementsFormat Modifiers
PROCINFO arrayAuto-set
read timeoutsRead Timeout
record separatorsawk split records
regexp constantsStandard Regexp Constants
regular expressionsCase-sensitivity
retrying inputRetrying Input
RS/RT variablesawk split records
RS/RT variablesgawk split records
RS/RT variablesMultiple Line
RS/RT variablesAuto-set
single-character fieldsSingle Character Fields
split() functionString Functions
stringsScalar Constants
stringsScalar Constants
storinggawk split records
SYMTAB variableAuto-set
TEXTDOMAIN variableUser-modified
trunc-mod operationArithmetic Ops
directories
command-lineCommand-line directories
searching
for loadable extensionsAWKLIBPATH Variable
for source filesAWKPATH Variable
for source filesPrograms Exercises
disable breakpointBreakpoint Control
disable debugger commandBreakpoint Control
display debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
display debugger optionsDebugger Info
divisionArithmetic Ops
do-while statementDo Statement
use of regexps inRegexp Usage
documentation
building
HTMLBuilding the Documentation
Info filesBuilding the Documentation
PDFBuilding the Documentation
of awk programsLibrary Names
onlineManual History
documents, searchingDupword Program
dollar sign ($)
$ field operatorFields
$ field operatorPrecedence
incrementing fields and arraysIncrement Ops
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
double quote (")
in regexp constantsComputed Regexps
in shell commandsQuoting
double-precisionComputer Arithmetic
down debugger commandExecution Stack
Drepper, UlrichAcknowledgments
Duman, PatriceAcknowledgments
dump all variables of a programOptions
dump debugger commandMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
dupword.awk programDupword Program
dynamic profilingProfiling
dynamically loaded extensionsDynamic Extensions

E
e debugger command (alias for enable)Breakpoint Control
EBCDICOrdinal Functions
EBCDICRanges and Locales
EBCDICHistory summary
effective group ID of gawk userAuto-set
effective user ID of gawk userAuto-set
Eggert, PaulInterval Expressions
egrep utilityBracket Expressions
egrep utilityEgrep Program
egrep.awk programEgrep Program
elements in arraysReference to Elements
assigning valuesAssigning Elements
deletingDelete
order of access by in operatorScanning an Array
scanningScanning an Array
email address for bug reports, Bug address
empty array elementsReference to Elements
empty patternEmpty
empty regexpsRegexp Operator Details
empty strings, See null strings
EMREDTCP/IP Networking
enable breakpointBreakpoint Control
enable debugger commandBreakpoint Control
end debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
END patternBEGIN/END
END patternUsing BEGIN/END
@namespace directive andChanging The Namespace
assert() user-defined function andAssert Function
Boolean patterns andExpression Patterns
exit statement andExit Statement
next/nextfile statements andI/O And BEGIN/END
next/nextfile statements andNext Statement
operators andUsing BEGIN/END
print statement andI/O And BEGIN/END
profiling andProfiling
ENDFILE patternBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
@namespace directive andChanging The Namespace
Boolean patterns andExpression Patterns
endfile() user-defined functionFiletrans Function
endgrent() function (C library)Group Functions
endgrent() user-defined functionGroup Functions
endpwent() function (C library)Passwd Functions
endpwent() user-defined functionPasswd Functions
English, SteveAdvanced Features
ENVIRON arrayAuto-set
environment variables
AWK_HASHOther Environment Variables
AWKBUFSIZEOther Environment Variables
AWKLIBPATHOptions
AWKLIBPATHAWKLIBPATH Variable
AWKLIBPATHLoading Shared Libraries
AWKLIBPATHInvoking Summary
AWKLIBPATHCreating Arrays
AWKLIBPATHUsing Internal File Ops
AWKLIBPATHPOSIX/GNU
AWKLIBPATHDistribution contents
AWKLIBPATHShell Startup Files
AWKPATHAWKPATH Variable
AWKPATHInclude Files
AWKPATHInvoking Summary
AWKPATHIgawk Program
AWKPATHIgawk Program
AWKPATHDebugger Invocation
AWKPATHPOSIX/GNU
AWKPATHFeature History
AWKPATHDistribution contents
AWKPATHShell Startup Files
AWKPATHPC Using
AWKPATHOpenVMS Running
AWKREADFUNCOther Environment Variables
GAWK_LOCALE_DIROther Environment Variables
GAWK_LOCALE_DIRExplaining gettext
GAWK_MSEC_SLEEPOther Environment Variables
GAWK_MSG_SRCOther Environment Variables
GAWK_NO_DFAOther Environment Variables
GAWK_PERSIST_FILEOther Environment Variables
GAWK_PERSIST_FILEPersistent Memory
GAWK_READ_TIMEOUTOther Environment Variables
GAWK_READ_TIMEOUTRead Timeout
GAWK_SOCK_RETRIESOther Environment Variables
GAWK_SOCK_RETRIESNonfatal
GAWK_STACKSIZEOther Environment Variables
in ENVIRON arrayAuto-set
INT_CHAIN_MAXOther Environment Variables
LANGI18N Example
LANGUAGEExplaining gettext
LANGUAGEI18N Example
LC_ALLSplit Program
LC_ALLI18N Example
LC_ALLBug address
LC_MESSAGESI18N Example
PathPC Binary Installation
PATHDerived Files
PMA_VERBOSITYOther Environment Variables
PMA_VERBOSITYPersistent Memory
POSIXLY_CORRECTOptions
POSIXLY_CORRECTOther Environment Variables
POSIXLY_CORRECTInvoking Summary
POSIXLY_CORRECTLocale influences conversions
REALLY_USE_PERSIST_MALLOCPersistent Memory
STR_CHAIN_MAXOther Environment Variables
TIDYMEMOther Environment Variables
TZAuto-set
used by gawkEnvironment Variables
environment, definition ofGlossary
epoch, definition ofGlossary
equals sign (=)
= operatorAssignment Ops
== operatorComparison Operators
== operatorPrecedence
EREs (Extended Regular Expressions)Bracket Expressions
ERRNO variableAuto-set
ERRNO variableTCP/IP Networking
with BEGINFILE patternBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
with close() functionClose Return Value
with getline commandGetline
error handlingSpecial FD
ERRNO variable andAuto-set
error outputSpecial FD
escape processing
gsub()/gensub()/sub() functionsGory Details
escape sequencesEscape Sequences
escape sequencesSee also backslash
eval debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
evaluate expressions, in debuggerViewing And Changing Data
evaluation orderIncrement Ops
concatenationConcatenation
functionsCalling Built-in
examining fieldsFields
example debugging sessionSample Debugging Session
exclamation point (!)
! operatorBoolean Ops
! operatorPrecedence
! operatorEgrep Program
!= operatorComparison Operators
!= operatorPrecedence
!~ operatorRegexp Usage
!~ operatorComputed Regexps
!~ operatorCase-sensitivity
!~ operatorRegexp Constants
!~ operatorComparison Operators
!~ operatorComparison Operators
!~ operatorPrecedence
!~ operatorExpression Patterns
exit debugger commandMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
exit statementExit Statement
exit status, of gawkExit Status
on OpenVMSOpenVMS Running
exit the debuggerMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
exit the debuggerMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
exp() functionNumeric Functions
expand utilityVery Simple
Expat XML parser librarygawkextlib
exponentNumeric Functions
expressionsExpressions
as patternsExpression Patterns
assignmentAssignment Ops
BooleanBoolean Ops
comparisonTyping and Comparison
conditionalConditional Exp
selectingConditional Exp
expressions, matching, See comparison expressions
Extended Regular Expressions (EREs)Bracket Expressions
extension APIExtension API Description
informational variablesExtension API Informational Variables
interaction with namespacesNamespace And Features
version numberAuto-set
version numberExtension Versioning
extensions
Brian Kernighan’s awkBTL
Brian Kernighan’s awkCommon Extensions
common
** operatorArithmetic Ops
**= operatorAssignment Ops
/dev/stderr special fileSpecial FD
/dev/stdin special fileSpecial FD
/dev/stdout special fileSpecial FD
\u escape sequenceEscape Sequences
\x escape sequenceEscape Sequences
BINMODE variablePC Using
delete to delete entire arraysDelete
fflush() functionI/O Functions
func keywordDefinition Syntax
length() applied to an arrayString Functions
RS as a regexpgawk split records
single character fieldsSingle Character Fields
in gawk, not in POSIX awkPOSIX/GNU
loadable
allocating memoryMemory Allocation Functions
array manipulation inArray Manipulation
distributed with gawkExtension Samples
exampleExtension Example
gawkextlib projectgawkextlib
loading, @load directiveLoading Shared Libraries
registrationRegistration Functions
search pathFinding Extensions
mawkCommon Extensions
extract.awk programExtract Program
extraction, of marked strings (internationalization)String Extraction

F
f debugger command (alias for frame)Execution Stack
false, logicalTruth Values
FDL (Free Documentation License)GNU Free Documentation License
features
adding to gawkAdding Code
deprecatedObsolete
undocumentedUndocumented
Fenlason, JayHistory
Fenlason, JayContributors
fflush() functionI/O Functions
field numbersNonconstant Fields
field operator $Fields
field operators, dollar sign asFields
field separatorSee also OFS
field separatorField Separators
field separatorUser-modified
field separatorUser-modified
backslash (\) asCommand Line Field Separator
choice ofField Separators
FIELDWIDTHS variable andUser-modified
FPAT variable andUser-modified
FS variable andDefault Field Splitting
in multiline recordsMultiple Line
on command lineCommand Line Field Separator
POSIX andFull Line Fields
regular expression asField Separators
regular expression asRegexp Field Splitting
spaces asCut Program
whitespace asDefault Field Splitting
fieldsReading Files
fieldsFields
fieldsBasic High Level
addingChanging Fields
changing contents ofChanging Fields
cuttingCut Program
examiningFields
number ofFields
numbersNonconstant Fields
printingPrint Examples
separatingField Separators
separatingField Separators
single-characterSingle Character Fields
FIELDWIDTHS variableFixed width data
FIELDWIDTHS variableUser-modified
file descriptorsSpecial FD
file inclusion, @include directiveInclude Files
file names
assignments asIgnoring Assigns
distinguishingAuto-set
in compatibility modeSpecial Caveats
standard streams in gawkSpecial FD
FILENAME variableReading Files
FILENAME variableAuto-set
getline, setting withGetline Notes
files
.gmoExplaining gettext
specifying directory ofExplaining gettext
specifying directory ofProgrammer i18n
.mo, converting from .poI18N Example
.poExplaining gettext
.poTranslator i18n
converting to .moI18N Example
.potExplaining gettext
/dev/… special filesSpecial FD
/inet/… (gawk)TCP/IP Networking
/inet4/… (gawk)TCP/IP Networking
/inet6/… (gawk)TCP/IP Networking
awk programs inLong
awkprof.outProfiling
awkvars.outOptions
closingI/O Functions
descriptorsSpecial FD
groupGroup Functions
initialization and cleanupFiletrans Function
inputRead Terminal
log, timestamps inTime Functions
managingData File Management
data file boundariesFiletrans Function
message objectExplaining gettext
converting from portable object filesI18N Example
specifying directory ofExplaining gettext
specifying directory ofProgrammer i18n
multiple passes overOther Arguments
multiple, duplicating output intoTee Program
outputClose Files And Pipes
passwordPasswd Functions
portable objectExplaining gettext
portable objectTranslator i18n
converting to message object filesI18N Example
generatingOptions
template file (.pot)Explaining gettext
processing, ARGIND variable andAuto-set
readingRewind Function
multiline recordsMultiple Line
searching for regular expressionsEgrep Program
skippingFile Checking
source, search path forPrograms Exercises
splittingSplit Program
Texinfo, extracting programs fromExtract Program
find substring in stringString Functions
finding extensionsFinding Extensions
finish debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
Fish, FredContributors
fixed-width dataConstant Size
flag variablesBoolean Ops
flag variablesTee Program
floating-point
numbersComputer Arithmetic
arbitrary-precisionArbitrary Precision Arithmetic
arbitrary-precisionComputer Arithmetic
double-precisionComputer Arithmetic
single-precisionComputer Arithmetic
flush buffered outputI/O Functions
fnmatch() extension functionExtension Sample Fnmatch
FNR variableRecords
FNR variableAuto-set
changingAuto-set
for statementFor Statement
looping over arraysScanning an Array
fork() extension functionExtension Sample Fork
format specifiersBasic Printf
mixing regular with positional specifiersPrintf Ordering
printf statementControl Letters
strftime() function (gawk)Time Functions
format time stringTime Functions
formats, numeric outputOFMT
formatting
outputPrintf
stringsString Functions
forward slash (/)
/ operatorPrecedence
/= operatorAssignment Ops
/= operatorPrecedence
vs. /=…/ regexp constantAssignment Ops
patterns andExpression Patterns
to enclose regular expressionsRegexp
FPAT variableSplitting By Content
FPAT variableUser-modified
frame debugger commandExecution Stack
frawkOther Versions
Free Documentation License (FDL)GNU Free Documentation License
Free Software Foundation (FSF)Manual History
Free Software Foundation (FSF)Getting
Free Software Foundation (FSF)Glossary
Free Software Foundation (FSF)Glossary
FreeBSDGlossary
FS variableField Separators
FS variableUser-modified
--field-separator option andOptions
changing value ofField Separators
containing ^Regexp Field Splitting
in multiline recordsMultiple Line
null string asSingle Character Fields
running awk programs andCut Program
setting from command lineCommand Line Field Separator
TAB character asOptions
FSF (Free Software Foundation)Manual History
FSF (Free Software Foundation)Getting
FSF (Free Software Foundation)Glossary
FSF (Free Software Foundation)Glossary
fts() extension functionExtension Sample File Functions
FUNCTAB arrayAuto-set
function arguments, show in debuggerDebugger Info
function callsFunction Calls
indirectIndirect Calls
@-notation forIndirect Calls
function definition exampleFunction Example
function definitions, list in debuggerDebugger Info
function pointersIndirect Calls
functions
arrays as parameters toPass By Value/Reference
built-inFunction Calls
built-inFunctions
evaluation orderCalling Built-in
definingDefinition Syntax
libraryLibrary Functions
assertionsAssert Function
associative arrays andLibrary Names
C libraryGetopt Function
character values as numbersOrdinal Functions
Cliff random numbersCliff Random Function
command-line optionsGetopt Function
example program for usingIgawk Program
group database, readingGroup Functions
managing data filesData File Management
managing timeGetlocaltime Function
merging arrays into stringsJoin Function
rounding numbersRound Function
user database, readingPasswd Functions
names ofDefinition Syntax
recursiveDefinition Syntax
string-translationI18N Functions
undefinedFunction Caveats
user-definedUser-defined
callingFunction Calling
counts, in a profileProfiling
library ofLibrary Functions
next/nextfile statements andNext Statement
next/nextfile statements andNextfile Statement

G
G-dAcknowledgments
G., Daniel RichardAcknowledgments
G., Daniel RichardMaintainers
Garfinkle, ScottContributors
gawkPreface
gawkSee also awk
gawk
ARGIND variable inOther Arguments
awk andPreface
awk andThis Manual
bitwise operations inBitwise Functions
break statement inBreak Statement
character classes andBracket Expressions
coding style inAdding Code
command-line options, regular expressions andGNU Regexp Operators
configuringConfiguration Philosophy
optionsAdditional Configuration Options
continue statement inContinue Statement
distributionDistribution contents
dynamic profilingProfiling
ERRNO variable inGetline
ERRNO variable inClose Return Value
ERRNO variable inBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
ERRNO variable inAuto-set
ERRNO variable inTCP/IP Networking
escape sequencesEscape Sequences
escape sequencesEscape Sequences
extensions, disablingOptions
features
addingAdding Code
advancedAdvanced Features
field separators andUser-modified
FIELDWIDTHS variable inFixed width data
FIELDWIDTHS variable inUser-modified
file names inSpecial Files
format-control charactersControl Letters
format-control charactersControl Letters
FPAT variable inSplitting By Content
FPAT variable inUser-modified
FUNCTAB array inAuto-set
function arguments andCalling Built-in
hexadecimal numbers andNondecimal-numbers
IGNORECASE variable inCase-sensitivity
IGNORECASE variable inUser-modified
IGNORECASE variable inArray Intro
IGNORECASE variable inString Functions
IGNORECASE variable inArray Sorting Functions
implementation issuesNotes
debuggingCompatibility Mode
downward compatibilityCompatibility Mode
limitsGetline Notes
pipesRedirection
installingInstallation
internationalizationInternationalization
interpreter, adding code toUsing Internal File Ops
interval expressions andInterval Expressions
line continuation inConditional Exp
LINT variable inUser-modified
list of contributors toContributors
MS-Windows version ofPC Using
newlines inStatements/Lines
octal numbers andNondecimal-numbers
OpenVMS version ofOpenVMS Installation
predefined variables andBuilt-in Variables
PROCINFO array inOther Arguments
PROCINFO array inAuto-set
PROCINFO array inTime Functions
PROCINFO array inTwo-way I/O
profiling programsProfiling
regexp constants andStandard Regexp Constants
regular expressions
case sensitivityCase-sensitivity
operatorsGNU Regexp Operators
precedenceRegexp Operator Details
RT variable inawk split records
RT variable ingawk split records
RT variable inMultiple Line
RT variable inAuto-set
source code, obtainingGetting
splitting fields andTesting field creation
string-translation functionsI18N Functions
SYMTAB array inAuto-set
TEXTDOMAIN variable inUser-modified
timestampsTime Functions
uses forPreface
version ofAuto-set
printing information aboutOptions
word-boundary operatorGNU Regexp Operators
GAWK_LOCALE_DIR environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_LOCALE_DIR environment variableExplaining gettext
GAWK_MSEC_SLEEP environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_MSG_SRC environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_NO_DFA environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_PERSIST_FILE environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_PERSIST_FILE environment variablePersistent Memory
GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT environment variableRead Timeout
GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES environment variableOther Environment Variables
GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES environment variableNonfatal
GAWK_STACKSIZE environment variableOther Environment Variables
gawkbug utilityBug address
gawkextlib projectgawkextlib
gawklibpath_append shell functionShell Startup Files
gawklibpath_default shell functionShell Startup Files
gawklibpath_prepend shell functionShell Startup Files
gawkpath_append shell functionShell Startup Files
gawkpath_default shell functionShell Startup Files
gawkpath_prepend shell functionShell Startup Files
General Public License, See GPL
generate time valuesTime Functions
gensub() function (gawk)Standard Regexp Constants
gensub() function (gawk)String Functions
escape processingGory Details
getaddrinfo() function (C library)TCP/IP Networking
getgrent() function (C library)Group Functions
getgrent() function (C library)Group Functions
getgrent() user-defined functionGroup Functions
getgrent() user-defined functionGroup Functions
getgrgid() function (C library)Group Functions
getgrgid() user-defined functionGroup Functions
getgrnam() function (C library)Group Functions
getgrnam() user-defined functionGroup Functions
getgruser() function (C library)Group Functions
getgruser() user-defined functionGroup Functions
getline commandReading Files
_gr_init() user-defined functionGroup Functions
_pw_init() functionPasswd Functions
BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns andBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
coprocesses, using fromGetline/Coprocess
coprocesses, using fromClose Files And Pipes
deadlock andTwo-way I/O
explicit input withGetline
FILENAME variable andGetline Notes
from a fileGetline/File
into a variableGetline/Variable
return valuesGetline
variantsGetline Summary
getlocaltime() user-defined functionGetlocaltime Function
getopt() function (C library)Getopt Function
getopt() user-defined functionGetopt Function
getopt() user-defined functionGetopt Function
getpwent() function (C library)Passwd Functions
getpwent() function (C library)Passwd Functions
getpwent() user-defined functionPasswd Functions
getpwent() user-defined functionPasswd Functions
getpwnam() function (C library)Passwd Functions
getpwnam() user-defined functionPasswd Functions
getpwuid() function (C library)Passwd Functions
getpwuid() user-defined functionPasswd Functions
gettext libraryExplaining gettext
locale categoriesExplaining gettext
gettext() function (C library)Explaining gettext
gettimeofday() extension functionExtension Sample Time
GhostbustersGory Details
git utilitygawkextlib
git utilityOther Versions
git utilityAccessing The Source
git utilityAdding Code
Git, use of for gawk source codeDerived Files
global variables, show in debuggerDebugger Info
GMP values, API ownership ofAPI Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values
GNITS mailing listAcknowledgments
GNU awk, See gawk
GNU Free Documentation LicenseGNU Free Documentation License
GNU General Public License, See GPL
GNU Lesser General Public LicenseGlossary
GNU long optionsCommand Line
GNU long optionsOptions
printing list ofOptions
GNU ProjectManual History
GNU ProjectGlossary
GNU/LinuxManual History
GNU/LinuxI18N Example
GNU/LinuxGlossary
Go implementation of awkOther Versions
goawkOther Versions
Gordon, AssafContributors
GPL (General Public License)Manual History
GPL (General Public License)Glossary
printingOptions
grcat programGroup Functions
Grigera, JuanContributors
group database, readingGroup Functions
group fileGroup Functions
group ID of gawk userAuto-set
groups, information aboutGroup Functions
gsub() functionStandard Regexp Constants
gsub() functionString Functions
arguments ofString Functions
escape processingGory Details
Guerrero, Juan ManuelAcknowledgments
Guerrero, Juan ManuelContributors

H
h debugger command (alias for help)Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
Hankerson, DarrelAcknowledgments
Hankerson, DarrelContributors
Haque, JohnContributors
Hartholz
ElaineAcknowledgments
MarshallAcknowledgments
Hasegawa, IsamuContributors
help debugger commandMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
hexadecimal numbersNondecimal-numbers
hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation ofOptions
history expansion, in debuggerReadline Support
histsort.awk programHistory Sorting
Hughes, PhilAcknowledgments
HUP signal, for dynamic profilingProfiling
hyphen (-)
- operatorPrecedence
- operatorPrecedence
-- end of options markerOptions
-- operatorIncrement Ops
-- operatorPrecedence
-= operatorAssignment Ops
-= operatorPrecedence
file names beginning withOptions
in bracket expressionsBracket Expressions

I
i debugger command (alias for info)Debugger Info
id utilityId Program
id.awk programId Program
if statementIf Statement
actions, changingRanges
use of regexps inRegexp Usage
igawk.sh programIgawk Program
ignore breakpointBreakpoint Control
ignore debugger commandBreakpoint Control
IGNORECASE variableUser-modified
array indices andArray Intro
array sorting functions andArray Sorting Functions
in example programsLibrary Functions
with ~ and !~ operatorsCase-sensitivity
Illumos, POSIX-compliant awkOther Versions
implementation issues, gawkNotes
debuggingCompatibility Mode
limitsGetline Notes
limitsRedirection
implicit namespaceChanging The Namespace
in operatorComparison Operators
in operatorPrecedence
in operatorFor Statement
index existence in multidimensional arraysMultidimensional
order of array accessScanning an Array
testing if array element existsReference to Elements
use in loopsScanning an Array
@include directiveInclude Files
including files, @include directiveInclude Files
increment operatorsIncrement Ops
index() functionString Functions
indexing arraysArray Intro
indirect function callsIndirect Calls
@-notationIndirect Calls
infinite precisionArbitrary Precision Arithmetic
info debugger commandDebugger Info
initialization, automaticMore Complex
inplace extensionExtension Sample Inplace
input
data, nondecimalNondecimal Data
explicitGetline
multiline recordsMultiple Line
splitting into recordsRecords
standardRead Terminal
standardSpecial FD
input filesReading Files
closingClose Files And Pipes
counting elements inWc Program
examplesSample Data Files
readingReading Files
running awk withoutRead Terminal
running awk withoutRead Terminal
variable assignments andOther Arguments
input pipelineGetline/Pipe
input record, length ofString Functions
input redirectionGetline/File
input, files, See input files
input/output
binaryUser-modified
from BEGIN and ENDI/O And BEGIN/END
functionsI/O Functions
two-wayTwo-way I/O
insomnia, cure forAlarm Program
installing gawkInstallation
CygwinCygwin
MS-WindowsPC Binary Installation
OpenVMSOpenVMS Installation
instruction tracing, in debuggerDebugger Info
instructions, trace of internalOptions
INT signal (MS-Windows)Profiling
INT_CHAIN_MAX environment variableOther Environment Variables
int() functionNumeric Functions
integer array indicesNumeric Array Subscripts
integers
arbitrary precisionArbitrary Precision Integers
unsignedComputer Arithmetic
interacting with other programsI/O Functions
internationalizationI18N Functions
internationalizationI18N and L10N
localizationUser-modified
localizationInternationalization
localizationI18N and L10N
character classesBracket Expressions
currency symbolsExplaining gettext
gawk andInternationalization
locale categoriesExplaining gettext
marked stringsProgrammer i18n
monetary informationExplaining gettext
portability andI18N Portability
internationalizing a programExplaining gettext
interpreted programsBasic High Level
interpreted programsGlossary
interval expressions, regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
inventory-shipped fileSample Data Files
invoke shell commandI/O Functions
isarray() function (gawk)Type Functions
isnumeric() user-defined functionIsnumeric Function
ISOGlossary
ISO 8601 date and time standardTime Functions
ISO 8859-1 character setGlossary
ISO Latin-1 character setGlossary

J
Jacobs, AndrewPasswd Functions
Jaegermann, MichalAcknowledgments
Jaegermann, MichalContributors
JannickContributors
Java implementation of awkOther Versions
Java programming languageGlossary
jawkOther Versions
jedi knightsUndocumented
Johansen, ChrisSignature Program
join() user-defined functionJoin Function

K
Kahrs, JürgenAcknowledgments
Kahrs, JürgenContributors
Kasal, StepanAcknowledgments
Kelly, TerencePersistent Memory
Kelly, TerencePersistent Memory
Kelly, TerenceFeature History
Kenobi, Obi-WanUndocumented
Kernighan, BrianHistory
Kernighan, BrianAcknowledgments
Kernighan, BrianBTL
Kernighan, BrianContributors
Kernighan, BrianOther Versions
Kernighan, BrianOther Versions
Kernighan, BrianBasic Data Typing
Kernighan, BrianGlossary
quotesConventions
quotesComma Separated Fields
quotesGetline/Pipe
quotesConcatenation
quotesLibrary Functions
quotesPrograms Exercises
kill command, dynamic profilingProfiling
knights, jediUndocumented
Kwok, ConradContributors

L
l debugger command (alias for list)Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
labels.awk programLabels Program
LANG environment variableI18N Example
Langston, PeterAdvanced Features
LANGUAGE environment variableExplaining gettext
LANGUAGE environment variableI18N Example
languages, data-drivenBasic High Level
LC_ALL environment variableSplit Program
LC_ALL environment variableI18N Example
LC_ALL environment variableBug address
LC_ALL locale categoryExplaining gettext
LC_COLLATE locale categoryExplaining gettext
LC_CTYPE locale categoryExplaining gettext
LC_MESSAGES environment variableI18N Example
LC_MESSAGES locale categoryExplaining gettext
bindtextdomain() function (gawk)Programmer i18n
LC_MONETARY locale categoryExplaining gettext
LC_NUMERIC locale categoryExplaining gettext
LC_TIME locale categoryExplaining gettext
left angle bracket (<)
< operatorComparison Operators
< operatorPrecedence
< operator (I/O)Getline/File
<= operatorComparison Operators
<= operatorPrecedence
left shift, bitwiseBitwise Functions
leftmost longest matchMultiple Line
length of input recordString Functions
length of stringString Functions
length() functionString Functions
Lesser General Public License (LGPL)Glossary
LGPL (Lesser General Public License)Glossary
libmawkOther Versions
libraries of awk functionsLibrary Functions
assertionsAssert Function
associative arrays andLibrary Names
character values as numbersOrdinal Functions
command-line optionsGetopt Function
example program for usingIgawk Program
group database, readingGroup Functions
managing
data filesData File Management
timeGetlocaltime Function
merging arrays into stringsJoin Function
rounding numbersRound Function
user database, readingPasswd Functions
line breaksStatements/Lines
line continuationsBoolean Ops
gawkConditional Exp
in print statementPrint Examples
with C shellStatements/Lines
lines
blank, printingPrint
countingWc Program
duplicate, removingHistory Sorting
matching ranges ofRanges
skipping between markersRanges
lint checkingUser-modified
array subscriptsUninitialized Subscripts
array subscriptsDelete
empty programsCommand Line
issuing warningsOptions
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableOptions
undefined functionsFunction Caveats
LINT variableUser-modified
Linux, See GNU/Linux
list all global variables, in debuggerDebugger Info
list debugger commandMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
list function definitions, in debuggerDebugger Info
@load directiveLoading Shared Libraries
loading extensionsOptions
@load directiveLoading Shared Libraries
local variables
in a functionVariable Scope
show in debuggerDebugger Info
locale categoriesExplaining gettext
locale decimal point characterOptions
locale, definition ofLocales
localization, See internationalization, localization
log files, timestamps inTime Functions
log() functionNumeric Functions
logarithmNumeric Functions
logical false/trueTruth Values
logical operators, See Boolean expressions
login informationPasswd Functions
long optionsCommand Line
loopsWhile Statement
loopsSee also while statement
loops
break statement andBreak Statement
continue statement andFor Statement
count for header, in a profileProfiling
do-whileDo Statement
exitingBreak Statement
for
array scanningScanning an Array
iterativeFor Statement
whileWhile Statement
ls utilityVery Simple
ls utilityMore Complex
lshift() function (gawk)Bitwise Functions
lvalues/rvaluesAssignment Ops

M
mail-list fileSample Data Files
mailing labels, printingLabels Program
mailing list, GNITSAcknowledgments
Malmberg, JohnAcknowledgments
Malmberg, JohnContributors
Malmberg, JohnMaintainers
mark parityOrdinal Functions
marked string extraction (internationalization)String Extraction
Marx, GrouchoIncrement Ops
match regexp in stringString Functions
match() functionString Functions
RSTART/RLENGTH variablesString Functions
side effectsString Functions
matching
expressionsTyping and Comparison
leftmost longestMultiple Line
null stringsString Functions
mawk utilityEscape Sequences
mawk utilityGetline/Pipe
mawk utilityConcatenation
mawk utilityNextfile Statement
mawk utilityOther Versions
maximum precision supported by MPFR libraryAuto-set
McIlroy, DougGlossary
McPhee, Patrick T.J.Contributors
memory, allocating for extensionsMemory Allocation Functions
message object filesExplaining gettext
converting from portable object filesI18N Example
specifying directory ofExplaining gettext
specifying directory ofProgrammer i18n
messages from extensionsPrinting Messages
metacharacters
escape sequences forEscape Sequences
in regular expressionsRegexp Operators
minimum precision required by MPFR libraryAuto-set
Minshall, GregGetopt Function
mkbool() function (gawk)Boolean Functions
mktime() function (gawk)Time Functions
modifiers, in format specifiersFormat Modifiers
module, definition ofGlobal Namespace
monetary information, localizationExplaining gettext
Moon, SailorInternationalization
Moore, DuncanGetline Notes
MPFR library, building withCompiling with MPFR
MPFR values, API ownership ofAPI Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values
MPFR, checking forChecking for MPFR
msgfmt utilityI18N Example
multiple precisionArbitrary Precision Arithmetic
multiple-line recordsMultiple Line

N
n debugger command (alias for next)Debugger Execution Control
name managementInternal Name Management
names
arrays/variablesLibrary Names
functionsDefinition Syntax
functionsLibrary Names
namespace
awkDefault Namespace
defaultDefault Namespace
definition ofGlobal Namespace
example codeNamespace Example
implicitChanging The Namespace
pushing and poppingChanging The Namespace
standard awk, globalGlobal Namespace
@namespace directiveChanging The Namespace
@namespace directiveChanging The Namespace
namespaces
backwards compatibilityNamespace Summary
changingChanging The Namespace
interaction with
debuggerNamespace And Features
extension APINamespace And Features
pretty printerNamespace And Features
profilerNamespace And Features
naming rulesNaming Rules
qualified namesQualified Names
naming issuesLibrary Names
functionsDefinition Syntax
naming rules, namespace and component namesNaming Rules
Neacsu, MirceaOther Versions
NetBSDGlossary
networks
programmingTCP/IP Networking
support forSpecial Network
newlinesStatements/Lines
newlinesOptions
newlinesBoolean Ops
as record separatorsawk split records
in dynamic regexpsComputed Regexps
in regexp constantsComputed Regexps
printingPrint Examples
separating statements in actionsAction Overview
separating statements in actionsStatements
next debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
next file statementFeature History
next statementBoolean Ops
next statementNext Statement
BEGIN/END patterns andI/O And BEGIN/END
BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns andBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
user-defined functions andNext Statement
nextfile statementNextfile Statement
BEGIN/END patterns andI/O And BEGIN/END
BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns andBEGINFILE/ENDFILE
user-defined functions andNextfile Statement
nexti debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
NF variableFields
NF variableAuto-set
decrementingChanging Fields
ni debugger command (alias for nexti)Debugger Execution Control
noassign.awk programIgnoring Assigns
non-existent array elementsReference to Elements
nonfatal outputNonfatal
not Boolean-logic operatorBoolean Ops
NR variableRecords
NR variableAuto-set
changingAuto-set
null stringsawk split records
null stringsRegexp Field Splitting
null stringsTruth Values
null stringsBasic Data Typing
as array subscriptsUninitialized Subscripts
converting numbers to stringsStrings And Numbers
deleting array elements andDelete
in gawk arguments, quoting andQuoting
in gawk arguments, quoting andOther Arguments
matchingString Functions
number of array elementsString Functions
number sign (#)
#! (executable scripts)Executable Scripts
commentingComments
numbers
as array subscriptsNumeric Array Subscripts
as string of bitsBitwise Functions
as values of charactersOrdinal Functions
Cliff randomCliff Random Function
convertingStrings And Numbers
convertingBitwise Functions
to stringsUser-modified
to stringsUser-modified
hexadecimalNondecimal-numbers
octalNondecimal-numbers
roundingRound Function
numeric
constantsScalar Constants
functionsNumeric Functions
output formatOFMT
stringsVariable Typing

O
o debugger command (alias for option)Debugger Info
obsolete featuresObsolete
octal numbersNondecimal-numbers
octal values, enabling interpretation ofOptions
OFMT variableOFMT
OFMT variableStrings And Numbers
OFMT variableUser-modified
POSIX awk andOFMT
OFS variableChanging Fields
OFS variableOutput Separators
OFS variableUser-modified
op-codes, trace of internalOptions
OpenBSDGlossary
OpenSolarisOther Versions
operating systemsInstallation
operating systemsSee also GNU/Linux
operating systemsSee also PC operating systems
operating systemsSee also Unix
operating systems
BSD-basedManual History
PC, gawk onPC Using
installingPC Installation
porting gawk toNew Ports
operations, bitwiseBitwise Functions
operators
arithmeticArithmetic Ops
assignmentAssignment Ops
assignmentAssignment Ops
evaluation orderAssignment Ops
comparisonComparison Operators
decrement/incrementIncrement Ops
GNU-specificGNU Regexp Operators
input/outputGetline/File
input/outputGetline/Pipe
input/outputGetline/Coprocess
input/outputRedirection
input/outputRedirection
input/outputPrecedence
input/outputPrecedence
input/outputPrecedence
precedence ofIncrement Ops
precedence ofPrecedence
short-circuitBoolean Ops
stringConcatenation
string-matchingRegexp Usage
for buffersGNU Regexp Operators
word-boundary (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
operators, Boolean, See Boolean expressions
operators, logical, See Boolean expressions
operators, relational, See operators, comparison
option debugger commandDebugger Info
options
command-lineOptions
end ofOptions
invoking awkCommand Line
processingGetopt Function
deprecatedObsolete
longCommand Line
longOptions
printing list ofOptions
OR bitwise operationBitwise Functions
or Boolean-logic operatorBoolean Ops
or() function (gawk)Bitwise Functions
ord() extension functionExtension Sample Ord
ord() user-defined functionOrdinal Functions
order of evaluation, concatenationConcatenation
ORS variableOutput Separators
ORS variableUser-modified
output
bufferingI/O Functions
bufferingI/O Functions
duplicating into filesTee Program
files, closingClose Files And Pipes
format specifier, OFMTOFMT
formattedPrintf
pipesRedirection
recordsOutput Separators
standardSpecial FD
output field separator, See OFS variable
output record separator, See ORS variable
output redirectionRedirection
output wrapperOutput Wrappers
output, nonfatalNonfatal
output, printing, See printing

P
p debugger command (alias for print)Viewing And Changing Data
package, definition ofGlobal Namespace
Papadopoulos, PanosContributors
parent process ID of gawk processAuto-set
parentheses ()
in a profileProfiling
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
password filePasswd Functions
Path environment variablePC Binary Installation
PATH environment variableDerived Files
patsplit() function (gawk)String Functions
patternsPatterns and Actions
Boolean expressions asExpression Patterns
comparison expressions asExpression Patterns
counts, in a profileProfiling
defaultVery Simple
emptyEmpty
expressions asExpression Patterns
ranges inRanges
regexp constants asRegexp Usage
regexp constants asRegexp Patterns
regexp constants asExpression Patterns
types ofPattern Overview
pawk (profiling version of Brian Kernighan’s awk)Other Versions
pawk, awk-like facilities for PythonOther Versions
PC operating systems, gawk onPC Using
installingPC Installation
percent sign (%)
% operatorPrecedence
%= operatorAssignment Ops
%= operatorPrecedence
performance, checking issuesPerformance bugs
period (.), regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
PerlFuture Extensions
persistent memoryPersistent Memory
compiled into gawkAuto-set
Peters, ArnoContributors
Peterson, HalContributors
pipe
closingClose Files And Pipes
inputGetline/Pipe
outputRedirection
pipe output, speeding upNoflush
platform running onAuto-set
Plauger, P.J.Library Functions
plug-inExtension Intro
plus sign (+)
+ operatorPrecedence
+ operatorPrecedence
++ operatorIncrement Ops
++ operatorIncrement Ops
++ operatorPrecedence
+= operatorAssignment Ops
+= operatorPrecedence
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
PMA memory allocatorAuto-set
PMA memory allocatorPersistent Memory
PMA_VERBOSITY environment variableOther Environment Variables
PMA_VERBOSITY environment variablePersistent Memory
pointers to functionsIndirect Calls
portabilityEscape Sequences
** operator andArithmetic Ops
**= operator andAssignment Ops
#! (executable scripts)Executable Scripts
ARGV variableExecutable Scripts
backslash continuation andStatements/Lines
backslash in escape sequencesEscape Sequences
close() function andClose Files And Pipes
data files as single recordgawk split records
deleting array elementsDelete
example programsLibrary Functions
functions, definingDefinition Syntax
gawkNew Ports
gettext library andExplaining gettext
internationalization andI18N Portability
length() functionString Functions
new awk vs. old awkStrings And Numbers
next statement in user-defined functionsFunction Caveats
NF variable, decrementingChanging Fields
operatorsIncrement Ops
not in POSIX awkPrecedence
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableOptions
substr() functionString Functions
portable object
filesExplaining gettext
filesTranslator i18n
converting to message object filesI18N Example
generatingOptions
template filesExplaining gettext
porting gawkNew Ports
positional specifiers, printf statementFormat Modifiers
positional specifiers, printf statementPrintf Ordering
mixing with regular formatsPrintf Ordering
POSIX
awk andPreface
gawk extensions not included inPOSIX/GNU
programs, implementing in awkClones
POSIX awkThis Manual
POSIX awkAssignment Ops
** operator andPrecedence
**= operator andAssignment Ops
< operator andGetline/File
| I/O operator andGetline/Pipe
arithmetic operators andArithmetic Ops
backslashes in string constantsEscape Sequences
BEGIN/END patternsI/O And BEGIN/END
bracket expressions andBracket Expressions
character classesBracket Expressions
character classesBracket Expressions
break statement andBreak Statement
changes in awk versionsPOSIX
continue statement andContinue Statement
CONVFMT variable andUser-modified
date utility andTime Functions
field separators andFull Line Fields
function keyword inDefinition Syntax
functions and
gsub()/sub()Gory Details
length()String Functions
GNU long options andOptions
interval expressions inInterval Expressions
next/nextfile statements andNext Statement
numeric strings andVariable Typing
OFMT variable andOFMT
OFMT variable andStrings And Numbers
period (.), usingRegexp Operator Details
printf format strings andFormat Modifiers
regular expressions andRegexp Operator Details
timestamps andTime Functions
POSIX modeOptions
POSIX modeOptions
POSIX modeRegexp Operator Details
POSIX modeInput Summary
POSIX modeSpecial Caveats
POSIX modeClose Return Value
POSIX modeScalar Constants
POSIX modeLocale influences conversions
POSIX modePOSIX String Comparison
POSIX modePOSIX String Comparison
POSIX modeString Functions
POSIX modeControlling Array Traversal
POSIX modePOSIX Floating Point Problems
POSIX modeFeature History
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableOptions
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableOther Environment Variables
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableInvoking Summary
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variableLocale influences conversions
PREC variableUser-modified
precedenceIncrement Ops
precedencePrecedence
regexp operatorsRegexp Operator Details
predefined variablesBuilt-in Variables
-v option, setting withOptions
conveying informationAuto-set
user-modifiableUser-modified
pretty printer, interaction with namespacesNamespace And Features
pretty printingOptions
pretty printingProfiling
profiling, difference withProfiling
print debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
print statementPrinting
print statementSee also redirection of output
print statement
BEGIN/END patterns andI/O And BEGIN/END
commas, omittingPrint Examples
I/O operators inPrecedence
line continuations andPrint Examples
OFMT variable andUser-modified
sprintf() function andRound Function
print variables, in debuggerViewing And Changing Data
printf debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
printf statementPrinting
printf statementPrintf
printf statementSee also redirection of output
printf statement
columns, aligningPrint Examples
format-control charactersControl Letters
I/O operators inPrecedence
modifiersFormat Modifiers
positional specifiersFormat Modifiers
positional specifiersPrintf Ordering
mixing with regular formatsPrintf Ordering
sprintf() function andRound Function
syntax ofBasic Printf
printingPrinting
list of optionsOptions
mailing labelsLabels Program
messages from extensionsPrinting Messages
unduplicated lines of textUniq Program
user informationId Program
private variablesLibrary Names
process group ID of gawk processAuto-set
process ID of gawk processAuto-set
processes, two-way communications withTwo-way I/O
processing dataBasic High Level
PROCINFO arrayAuto-set
PROCINFO arrayTime Functions
PROCINFO arrayPasswd Functions
communications via ptys andTwo-way I/O
group membership andGroup Functions
nonfatal outputNonfatal
not flushing pipe buffersNoflush
platform running onAuto-set
testing the field splittingPasswd Functions
user and group ID numbers andId Program
values of sorted_inControlling Scanning
profiler, interaction with namespacesNamespace And Features
profiling awk programsProfiling
dynamicallyProfiling
profiling, compiling gawk forPerformance bugs
profiling, pretty printing, difference withProfiling
program identifiersAuto-set
program, definition ofGetting Started
programming
basic stepsBasic High Level
conceptsBasic Concepts
conceptsBasic Concepts
programming conventions
--non-decimal-data optionNondecimal Data
ARGC/ARGV variablesAuto-set
exit statementExit Statement
function parametersReturn Statement
functions
callingCalling Built-in
writingDefinition Syntax
gawk extensionsInternal File Ops
private variable namesLibrary Names
programming language, recipe forHistory
programming languages
AdaGlossary
data-driven vs. proceduralGetting Started
GoOther Versions
GoOther Versions
JavaGlossary
Proulx, BobAsking for help
pwcat programPasswd Functions

Q
q debugger command (alias for quit)Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
QSE awkOther Versions
qualified name
definition ofQualified Names
use ofQualified Names
Quanstrom, ErikAlarm Program
question mark (?)
?: operatorPrecedence
regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
regexp operatorGNU Regexp Operators
QuikTrim AwkOther Versions
quit debugger commandMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
QUIT signal (MS-Windows)Profiling
quoting
for small awk programsComments
in gawk command linesLong
in gawk command linesOther Arguments
tricks forQuoting

R
r debugger command (alias for run)Debugger Execution Control
Rakitzis, ByronHistory Sorting
Ramey, ChetAcknowledgments
Ramey, ChetGeneral Data Types
Ramming, J. ChristopherOther Versions
rand() functionNumeric Functions
random numbers
CliffCliff Random Function
rand()/srand() functionsNumeric Functions
seed ofNumeric Functions
range expressions (regexps)Bracket Expressions
range patternsRanges
line continuation andRanges
Rankin, PatAcknowledgments
Rankin, PatAssignment Ops
Rankin, PatContributors
RapidJson JSON parser librarygawkextlib
reada() extension functionExtension Sample Read write array
readable data files, checkingFile Checking
readable.awk programFile Checking
readall() extension functionExtension Sample Read write array
readdir extensionExtension Sample Readdir
readfile() extension functionExtension Sample Readfile
readfile() user-defined functionReadfile Function
reading input filesReading Files
REALLY_USE_PERSIST_MALLOC environment variablePersistent Memory
recipe for a programming languageHistory
record separatorsawk split records
record separatorsUser-modified
changingawk split records
newlines asawk split records
regular expressions asawk split records
with multiline recordsMultiple Line
recordsReading Files
recordsBasic High Level
multilineMultiple Line
printingPrint
splitting input intoRecords
terminatingawk split records
treating files asgawk split records
recursive functionsDefinition Syntax
redirect gawk output, in debuggerDebugger Info
redirection
of inputGetline/File
of outputRedirection
on OpenVMSOpenVMS Running
reference counting, sorting arraysArray Sorting Functions
regexpRegexp
regexp constantsRegexp Usage
regexp constantsRegexp Constants
regexp constantsComparison Operators
/=…/
/= operator andAssignment Ops
as patternsExpression Patterns
in gawkStandard Regexp Constants
slashes vs. quotesComputed Regexps
vs. string constantsComputed Regexps
regexps, emptyRegexp Operator Details
register loadable extensionRegistration Functions
regular expressionsRegexp
anchors inRegexp Operator Details
as field separatorsField Separators
as field separatorsRegexp Field Splitting
as patternsRegexp Usage
as patternsRegexp Patterns
as record separatorsawk split records
case sensitivityCase-sensitivity
case sensitivityUser-modified
computedComputed Regexps
dynamicComputed Regexps
with embedded newlinesComputed Regexps
gawk, command-line optionsGNU Regexp Operators
interval expressions andOptions
leftmost longest matchLeftmost Longest
operatorsRegexp Usage
operatorsRegexp Operators
for buffersGNU Regexp Operators
for wordsGNU Regexp Operators
gawkGNU Regexp Operators
precedence ofRegexp Operator Details
searching forEgrep Program
regular expressions, constants, See regexp constants
relational operators, See comparison operators
replace in stringString Functions
retrying inputRetrying Input
return debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
return statement, user-defined functionsReturn Statement
return value, close() functionClose Return Value
rev() user-defined functionFunction Example
revoutput extensionExtension Sample Revout
revtwoway extensionExtension Sample Rev2way
rewind() user-defined functionRewind Function
right angle bracket (>)
> operatorComparison Operators
> operatorPrecedence
> operator (I/O)Redirection
>= operatorComparison Operators
>= operatorPrecedence
>> operator (I/O)Redirection
>> operator (I/O)Precedence
right shift, bitwiseBitwise Functions
Ritchie, DennisBasic Data Typing
RLENGTH variableAuto-set
match() function andString Functions
Robbins
ArnoldCommand Line Field Separator
ArnoldGetline/Pipe
ArnoldPasswd Functions
ArnoldAlarm Program
ArnoldGeneral Data Types
ArnoldContributors
ArnoldMaintainers
ArnoldFuture Extensions
BillGetline/Pipe
HarryAcknowledgments
JeanAcknowledgments
MalkaInternationalization
MiriamAcknowledgments
MiriamGetline/Pipe
MiriamPasswd Functions
Rommel, Kai UweContributors
round to nearest integerNumeric Functions
round() user-defined functionRound Function
rounding numbersRound Function
ROUNDMODE variableUser-modified
ROUNDMODE variableSetting the rounding mode
RS variableawk split records
RS variableUser-modified
multiline records andMultiple Line
rshift() function (gawk)Bitwise Functions
RSTART variableAuto-set
match() function andString Functions
RT variableawk split records
RT variablegawk split records
RT variableMultiple Line
RT variableAuto-set
Rubin, PaulHistory
Rubin, PaulContributors
rule, definition ofGetting Started
run debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
rvalues/lvaluesAssignment Ops

S
s debugger command (alias for step)Debugger Execution Control
Sailor Moon, See Moon, Sailor
sample debugging sessionSample Debugging Session
sandbox modeOptions
Saturday Night LiveDynamic Typing
save debugger optionsDebugger Info
scalar or arrayType Functions
scalar valuesBasic Data Typing
scanning arraysScanning an Array
scanning multidimensional arraysMultiscanning
Schorr, AndrewAcknowledgments
Schorr, AndrewAuto-set
Schorr, AndrewContributors
Schreiber
BertAcknowledgments
RitaAcknowledgments
search and replace in stringsString Functions
search for substringString Functions
search pathsPrograms Exercises
search pathsPC Using
search pathsOpenVMS Running
for loadable extensionsAWKLIBPATH Variable
for source filesAWKPATH Variable
for source filesPrograms Exercises
for source filesPC Using
for source filesOpenVMS Running
searching
files for regular expressionsEgrep Program
for wordsDupword Program
sed utilityFull Line Fields
sed utilitySimple Sed
sed utilityGlossary
seeding random number generatorNumeric Functions
semicolon (;)
AWKPATH variable andPC Using
separating rulesStatements/Lines
separating statements in actionsStatements/Lines
separating statements in actionsAction Overview
separating statements in actionsStatements
separators
fieldUser-modified
fieldUser-modified
FIELDWIDTHS variable andUser-modified
FPAT variable andUser-modified
FS variable andDefault Field Splitting
for recordsawk split records
for recordsawk split records
for recordsUser-modified
regular expressions asawk split records
for statements in actionsAction Overview
subscriptUser-modified
set breakpointBreakpoint Control
set debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
set directory of message catalogsI18N Functions
set watchpointViewing And Changing Data
shadowing of variable valuesDefinition Syntax
shell function
gawklibpath_appendShell Startup Files
gawklibpath_defaultShell Startup Files
gawklibpath_prependShell Startup Files
gawkpath_appendShell Startup Files
gawkpath_defaultShell Startup Files
gawkpath_prependShell Startup Files
shell quoting, rules forQuoting
shell quoting, rules forOther Arguments
shells
piping commands intoRedirection
quotingUsing Shell Variables
rules forQuoting
scriptsOne-shot
seaUndocumented
variablesUsing Shell Variables
shift, bitwiseBitwise Functions
short-circuit operatorsBoolean Ops
show in debugger
all source filesDebugger Info
breakpointsDebugger Info
function argumentsDebugger Info
local variablesDebugger Info
name of current source fileDebugger Info
watchpointsDebugger Info
si debugger command (alias for stepi)Debugger Execution Control
side effectsConcatenation
side effectsIncrement Ops
side effectsIncrement Ops
array indexingReference to Elements
asort() functionArray Sorting Functions
asorti() functionArray Sorting Functions
assignment expressionsAssignment Ops
Boolean operatorsBoolean Ops
conditional expressionsConditional Exp
decrement/increment operatorsIncrement Ops
FILENAME variableGetline Notes
function callsFunction Calls
gsub() functionString Functions
match() functionString Functions
statementsAction Overview
sub() functionString Functions
sidebar
A Constant’s Base Does Not Affect Its ValueNondecimal-numbers
A Note About FuzzersBug definition
Backslash Before Regular CharactersEscape Sequences
Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!Bitwise Functions
Carriage-Return–Line-Feed Line Endings In CSV FilesComma Separated Fields
Caveats When Using Regular Expressions for RSgawk split records
Changing FS Does Not Affect the FieldsFull Line Fields
Changing NR and FNRAuto-set
Controlling Output Buffering with system()I/O Functions
Escape Sequences for MetacharactersEscape Sequences
FS and IGNORECASEField Splitting Summary
Interactive Versus Noninteractive BufferingI/O Functions
Matching the Null StringString Functions
Operator Evaluation OrderIncrement Ops
Piping into shRedirection
Pre-POSIX awk Used OFMT for String ConversionStrings And Numbers
Quoting Shell Variables On The awk Command LineOther Arguments
Recipe for a Programming LanguageHistory
Rounding Modes and ConversionSetting the rounding mode
RS = "\0" Is Not Portablegawk split records
So Why Does gawk Have BEGINFILE and ENDFILE?Filetrans Function
Syntactic Ambiguities Between ‘/=’ and Regular ExpressionsAssignment Ops
Understanding ‘#!Executable Scripts
Understanding $0Changing Fields
Using \n in Bracket Expressions of Dynamic RegexpsComputed Regexps
What About The Empty Regexp?Regexp Operator Details
SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profilingProfiling
SIGINT signal (MS-Windows)Profiling
signals
HUP/SIGHUP, for profilingProfiling
INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows)Profiling
QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows)Profiling
USR1/SIGUSR1, for profilingProfiling
signature programSignature Program
SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows)Profiling
SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profilingProfiling
silent debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
sin() functionNumeric Functions
sineNumeric Functions
single quote (')One-shot
in gawk command linesLong
in shell commandsQuoting
vs. apostropheComments
with double quotesQuoting
single records, treating files asgawk split records
single-character fieldsSingle Character Fields
single-precisionComputer Arithmetic
single-step execution, in the debuggerDebugger Execution Control
Skywalker, LukeUndocumented
sleep utilityAlarm Program
sleep() extension functionExtension Sample Time
Smith, GavinAcknowledgments
Solaris, POSIX-compliant awkOther Versions
sort arrayString Functions
sort array indicesString Functions
sort function, arrays, sortingArray Sorting Functions
sort utilityWord Sorting
coprocesses andTwo-way I/O
sorting characters in different languagesExplaining gettext
source code
awkaOther Versions
awkccOther Versions
AWKgoOther Versions
Brian Kernighan’s awkOther Versions
BusyBox AwkOther Versions
cppawkOther Versions
embeddable awk interpreterOther Versions
frawkOther Versions
gawkGawk Distribution
goawkOther Versions
Illumos awkOther Versions
jawkOther Versions
libmawkOther Versions
mawkOther Versions
mixingOptions
pawk (profiling version of Brian Kernighan’s awk)Other Versions
pawk (Python version)Other Versions
QSE awkOther Versions
QuikTrim AwkOther Versions
Solaris awkOther Versions
source file, show in debuggerDebugger Info
source files, search path forPrograms Exercises
sparse arraysArray Intro
Spencer, HenryGlossary
Spengler, EgonGory Details
split string into arrayString Functions
split utilitySplit Program
split.awk programSplit Program
split() functionString Functions
array elements, deletingDelete
sprintf() functionOFMT
sprintf() functionString Functions
print/printf statements andRound Function
sqrt() functionNumeric Functions
square brackets ([]), regexp operatorRegexp Operator Details
square rootNumeric Functions
srand() functionNumeric Functions
stack frame (debugger)Debugging Terms
Stallman, RichardManual History
Stallman, RichardAcknowledgments
Stallman, RichardContributors
Stallman, RichardGlossary
standard errorSpecial FD
standard inputRead Terminal
standard inputSpecial FD
standard outputSpecial FD
starting the debuggerDebugger Invocation
stat() extension functionExtension Sample File Functions
statements
compound, control statements andStatements
control, in actionsStatements
multipleStatements/Lines
step debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
stepi debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
stop automatic display, in debuggerViewing And Changing Data
STR_CHAIN_MAX environment variableOther Environment Variables
stream editorsFull Line Fields
stream editorsSimple Sed
strftime() function (gawk)Time Functions
string
constantsScalar Constants
vs. regexp constantsComputed Regexps
extraction (internationalization)String Extraction
lengthString Functions
operatorsConcatenation
regular expression match ofString Functions
string-manipulation functionsString Functions
string-matching operatorsRegexp Usage
string-translation functionsI18N Functions
strings
continuation across linesScalar Constants
convertingStrings And Numbers
convertingBitwise Functions
numbers toUser-modified
numbers toUser-modified
converting letter caseString Functions
emptyawk split records
extractingString Extraction
for localizationProgrammer i18n
length limitationsScalar Constants
merging arrays intoJoin Function
nullRegexp Field Splitting
numericVariable Typing
splitting, exampleString Functions
strptime() extension functionExtension Sample Time
strtonum() function (gawk)String Functions
--non-decimal-data option andNondecimal Data
sub() functionStandard Regexp Constants
sub() functionString Functions
arguments ofString Functions
escape processingGory Details
subscript separatorsUser-modified
subscripts in arrays
multidimensionalMultidimensional
scanningMultiscanning
numbers asNumeric Array Subscripts
uninitialized variables asUninitialized Subscripts
SUBSEP variableUser-modified
multidimensional arrays andMultidimensional
substitute in stringString Functions
substr() functionString Functions
substringString Functions
Sumner, AndrewOther Versions
supplementary groups of gawk processAuto-set
switch statementSwitch Statement
SYMTAB arrayAuto-set
syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=…/ regexp constantAssignment Ops
system() functionI/O Functions
systime() function (gawk)Time Functions

T
t debugger command (alias for tbreak)Breakpoint Control
tbreak debugger commandBreakpoint Control
TclLibrary Names
TCP/IPTCP/IP Networking
support forSpecial Network
tee utilityTee Program
tee.awk programTee Program
temporary breakpointBreakpoint Control
terminating recordsawk split records
testbits.awk programBitwise Functions
testext extensionExtension Sample API Tests
TexinfoConventions
TexinfoLibrary Functions
TexinfoDupword Program
TexinfoExtract Program
TexinfoDistribution contents
TexinfoAdding Code
chapter beginnings in filesRegexp Operator Details
extracting programs from source filesExtract Program
text, printingPrint
unduplicated lines ofUniq Program
TEXTDOMAIN variableUser-modified
TEXTDOMAIN variableProgrammer i18n
BEGIN pattern andProgrammer i18n
portability andI18N Portability
textdomain() function (C library)Explaining gettext
TIDYMEM environment variableOther Environment Variables
tilde (~), ~ operatorRegexp Usage
tilde (~), ~ operatorComputed Regexps
tilde (~), ~ operatorCase-sensitivity
tilde (~), ~ operatorRegexp Constants
tilde (~), ~ operatorComparison Operators
tilde (~), ~ operatorComparison Operators
tilde (~), ~ operatorPrecedence
tilde (~), ~ operatorExpression Patterns
time
alarm clock example programAlarm Program
localization andExplaining gettext
managingGetlocaltime Function
retrievingTime Functions
time functionsTime Functions
timeout, reading inputRead Timeout
timestampsTime Functions
timestampsTime Functions
converting dates toTime Functions
formattedGetlocaltime Function
tocsv_rec() user-defined functionTo CSV Function
tocsv() user-defined functionTo CSV Function
tolower() functionString Functions
toupper() functionString Functions
tr utilityTranslate Program
trace debugger commandMiscellaneous Debugger Commands
trace, internal instructionsOptions
traceback, display in debuggerExecution Stack
translate stringI18N Functions
translate.awk programTranslate Program
treating files, as single recordsgawk split records
troubleshooting
--non-decimal-data optionOptions
== operatorComparison Operators
awk uses FS not IFSField Separators
backslash before nonspecial characterEscape Sequences
divisionArithmetic Ops
fatal errors
field widths, specifyingFixed width data
printf format stringsFormat Modifiers
fflush() functionI/O Functions
function call syntaxFunction Calls
gawkCompatibility Mode
bug reportsBugs
fatal errors, function argumentsCalling Built-in
getline commandFile Checking
gsub()/sub() functionsString Functions
match() functionString Functions
print statement, omitting commasPrint Examples
printingRedirection
quotes with file namesSpecial FD
readable data filesFile Checking
regexp constants vs. string constantsComputed Regexps
string concatenationConcatenation
substr() functionString Functions
system() functionI/O Functions
typographical errors, global variablesOptions
true, logicalTruth Values
Trueman, DavidHistory
Trueman, DavidAcknowledgments
Trueman, DavidContributors
trunc-mod operationArithmetic Ops
truth valuesTruth Values
type
conversionStrings And Numbers
of variable, typeof() function (gawk)Type Functions
typeof() function (gawk)Type Functions
TZ environment variableAuto-set

U
u debugger command (alias for until)Debugger Execution Control
unassigned array elementsReference to Elements
undefined functionsFunction Caveats
underscore (_)
C macroExplaining gettext
in names of private variablesLibrary Names
translatable stringsProgrammer i18n
undisplay debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
undocumented featuresUndocumented
UnicodeOrdinal Functions
UnicodeRanges and Locales
UnicodeGlossary
uninitialized variables, as array subscriptsUninitialized Subscripts
uniq utilityUniq Program
uniq.awk programUniq Program
UnixGlossary
awk scripts andExecutable Scripts
Unix awk
backslashes in escape sequencesEscape Sequences
close() function andClose Return Value
password files, field separators andCommand Line Field Separator
unsigned integersComputer Arithmetic
until debugger commandDebugger Execution Control
unwatch debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
up debugger commandExecution Stack
uppercase names, namespace forDefault Namespace
user database, readingPasswd Functions
user-defined
function
_gr_init()Group Functions
_ord_init()Ordinal Functions
_pw_init()Passwd Functions
assert()Assert Function
beginfile()Filetrans Function
bits2str()Bitwise Functions
chr()Ordinal Functions
cliff_rand()Cliff Random Function
ctime()Function Example
endfile()Filetrans Function
endgrent()Group Functions
endpwent()Passwd Functions
getgrent()Group Functions
getgrent()Group Functions
getgrgid()Group Functions
getgrnam()Group Functions
getgruser()Group Functions
getlocaltime()Getlocaltime Function
getopt()Getopt Function
getopt()Getopt Function
getpwent()Passwd Functions
getpwent()Passwd Functions
getpwnam()Passwd Functions
getpwuid()Passwd Functions
isnumeric()Isnumeric Function
join()Join Function
ord()Ordinal Functions
readfile()Readfile Function
rev()Function Example
rewind()Rewind Function
round()Round Function
walk_array()Walking Arrays
functionsUser-defined
counts, in a profileProfiling
variablesVariables
user-modifiable variablesUser-modified
users, information about
printingId Program
retrievingPasswd Functions
USR1 signal, for dynamic profilingProfiling

V
values
numericBasic Data Typing
regexpStrong Regexp Constants
stringBasic Data Typing
variable assignments and input filesOther Arguments
variable type, typeof() function (gawk)Type Functions
variablesOther Features
variablesBasic Data Typing
assigning on command lineAssignment Options
built-inUsing Variables
flagBoolean Ops
getline command into, usingGetline/Variable
getline command into, usingGetline/Variable/File
getline command into, usingGetline/Variable/Pipe
getline command into, usingGetline/Variable/Coprocess
global
for library functionsLibrary Names
printing list ofOptions
initializingUsing Variables
local to a functionVariable Scope
predefinedBuilt-in Variables
-v option, setting withOptions
conveying informationAuto-set
privateLibrary Names
settingOptions
shadowingDefinition Syntax
types ofAssignment Ops
comparison expressions andTyping and Comparison
uninitialized, as array subscriptsUninitialized Subscripts
user-definedVariables
version of
gawkAuto-set
gawk extension APIAuto-set
GNU MP libraryAuto-set
GNU MPFR libraryAuto-set
vertical bar (|)Regexp Operator Details
| operator (I/O)Getline/Pipe
| operator (I/O)Precedence
|& operator (I/O)Getline/Coprocess
|& operator (I/O)Precedence
|& operator (I/O)Two-way I/O
|| operatorBoolean Ops
|| operatorPrecedence
Vinschen, CorinnaAcknowledgments

W
w debugger command (alias for watch)Viewing And Changing Data
w utilityFixed width data
wait() extension functionExtension Sample Fork
waitpid() extension functionExtension Sample Fork
walk_array() user-defined functionWalking Arrays
Wall, LarryArray Intro
Wall, LarryFuture Extensions
Wallin, AndersContributors
warnings, issuingOptions
watch debugger commandViewing And Changing Data
watchpoint (debugger)Debugging Terms
watchpoints, show in debuggerDebugger Info
wc utilityWc Program
wc.awk programwc program
Weinberger, PeterHistory
Weinberger, PeterContributors
Weinberger, PeterOther Versions
where debugger command (alias for backtrace)Execution Stack
while statementWhile Statement
use of regexps inRegexp Usage
whitespace
as field separatorsDefault Field Splitting
definition ofFields
functions, callingCalling Built-in
newlines asOptions
Williams, KentContributors
Woehlke, MatthewContributors
Woods, JohnContributors
word boundaries, matchingGNU Regexp Operators
word-boundary operator (gawk)GNU Regexp Operators
word, regexp definition ofGNU Regexp Operators
wordfreq.awk programWord Sorting
words
countingWc Program
duplicate, searching forDupword Program
usage counts, generatingWord Sorting
writea() extension functionExtension Sample Read write array
writeall() extension functionExtension Sample Read write array

X
xgettext utilityString Extraction
XOR bitwise operationBitwise Functions
xor() function (gawk)Bitwise Functions

Y
Yawitz, EfraimContributors

Z
Zaretskii, EliAcknowledgments
Zaretskii, EliContributors
Zaretskii, EliMaintainers
zerofile.awk programEmpty Files
Zoulas, ChristosContributors